消费社会的“性别范例”——广告中的性别形象

广告为消费者塑造了消费社会的＂性别范例＂,这种＂性别范例＂是性别刻板印象在广告中的表征。广告塑造的＂性别范例＂有传统的男性范例和女性范例,也有体现现代社会新型两性关系的＂性别范例＂。随着社会的发展,消费社会的＂性别范例＂也越来越丰富,消费者也有了越来越大的认同空间。     

从女性主义的角度分析电影——以《末路狂花》为例分析电影中的女性主义

女性主义并不是一种批评方法,而是有助于认识媒介活动中性别的"刻板印象"。其中,女性是被建构的、男权社会的一种内化。在社会性别秩序中,所谓的"女人"都是固定的角色,而《末路狂花》从当代女性主义出发,探讨讲求多元发展和差异,强调理论和实践中关注因种族、阶级、年龄、性取向、性别认同而在女性之间出现的差异,并且拒绝以白人、中产、异性恋的女性主义的声音视为普遍和唯一的标准,要真正的发出女性的声音,拒绝歧视,在保障自身权益的同时让更多人看到女性本质人格的升华。     

“新常态”下城市居民时尚消费的社会理性

在可控、理性的"新常态"的经济模式下,城市居民时尚消费是社会理性选择的结果,呈现出传统意识与现代观念碰撞的时尚消费性别差异、阶层认同与身份建构表达的时尚消费惯习区隔,以及社会资本与生活网络影响的时尚消费文化多元等新特点。而城市居民的时尚消费的解释研究发现,性别为女性,社会性别观念越传统,阶层认同越高,社会资本越高的城市居民时尚消费观念越强,行为越多。树立积极健康时尚消费观念与行为,应从性别文化、社会政策以及道德教育等方面着手。     

资本主义、社会主义和妇女——为什么中国需要重建马克思主义女权主义批判

20世纪90年代中期的市场化转型是通过两种私化——产权的私有化和家庭的私人化——实现的.通过把再生产部分的劳动推入家庭,一方面制造出中国廉价的劳动力,另一方面使绝大多数女性处于结构性不利地位,在家庭内部传统的性别化劳动分工没有得到彻底改变之前,再生产劳动的私人化很大程度上体现为女性化.面对新自由主义体制带给妇女的伤害:经济上的分配不公和文化上的贬低,流行的社会性别理论无法给出强有力的女权批判,反之,社会性别理论与新自由主义之间存在着某种暧昧的同谋关系.因此,中国的女权主义需要正视中国社会主义妇女解放运动、80年代妇女研究运动、90年代社会性别研究的正面和负面的遗产,在对女权思想进行自我批判的前提下,重构马克思主义女权主义的批判,同时,把性别公平纳入到对中国社会发展道路和未来社会的激进想象中.     

厨房与厅堂——马来人的房屋设计所体现出的性别关系

一个社会的建筑设计往往能够体现出该社会的性别关系。本文通过对马来西亚一个马来村庄的实地调查,揭示出马来人在其房屋设计中所体现出来的性别关系特点,如男女相对平等、女性的自主权更大、独立性更强等,并论证这种性别关系特点的形成是受到传统习俗与伊斯兰教的双重影响的结果。     

性别教育与女性就业——英美性别教育管窥

英美发达国家的女性教育在促进女性就业和社会经济发展方面成绩斐然,其中英美中小学教师性别失衡的纠偏措施和女性高等教育的社会性别觉醒对我国女性高等职业教育有十分重要的借鉴意义,尤其是师生性别动力学理论对基于因材施教的因性施教具有科学的理论指导作用,并对我国高职女性人才培养途径研究和实践方略具有重要启发。     

新农村建设中的农村女性人力资本投资问题与对策

从社会性别视角研究了农村女性的人力资本投资问题,分析了农村女性在新农村建设中的地位与面临的挑战,运用社会性别理论研究了农村女性人力资本投资存在的问题及成因,提出了统筹解决农村女性人力资本投资问题的对策。     

试论20世纪二三十年代的乡村危机

20世纪二三十年代中国乡村社会呈现出全面颓废的态势,乡村经济破产,基层社会整合失序,乡村文化调节功能弱化,整个乡村陷入了全面的社会生态危机,其波及面之大、程度之深、持续时间之长,使整个乡村社会几至陷入了恶性循环。     

中国20世纪二三十年代中外广告创意的对峙局面

20世纪二三十年代,是中国近代广告的发展时期.在这个时期,西方列强的商品打入中国市场,其庞大的销售攻势.使其广告宣传一直冲杀在最前沿的阵地.广告成为外国商品长驱直入中国市场的最有利武器之一.中国民族企业,在极其艰苦的环境中奋发努力,他们在西方列强军事,经济压迫的夹缝中,在同外国资本家的长期竞争中发展起来,广告也在这一时期发展起来了.面对激烈的竞争市场,中国企业不干落后,积极面对,采取各种营销方式与外国企业竞争,其中广告也成为它们与外国企业竞争的一个手段.这期间,中外广告在创意方面出现了一个对峙的局面.     

广告传播的消极功能

广告对于社会生活的作用与影响越来越大.美国经济学家D·M·波特如是说:"论社会影响,广告可以同由来已久的机构(学校、教堂)相比,它统治了媒介,对大众标准的形成有巨大影响,它是很有限的几个起社会控制作用的机构中货真价实的一个".     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.