巾国服务外包产业发展的现状、问题与策略

近几年,在世界经济增长放缓的背景下,跨国公司开始了新一轮产业结构调整。制造业全球产业转移仍然是其重要内容,但服务业跨国投资发展速度很快,以服务业外包和高科技、高附加值的高端制造及研发环节转移为主要特征的新一轮全球产业结构调整正在兴起。服务外包作为服务产业转移的重要     

全球服务外包发展现状与我国的应对策略

近年来,经济全球化和信息化的发展极大地改变了跨国公司的经营和竞争环境.国际服务外包成为跨国公司提高核心竞争力的战略,推动了全球新一轮的产业转移.对走向国际市场,发展现代服务业的中国来说,国际服务外包充满着机遇和挑战.     

企业研发外包中的交易效率与决策模型研究

继制造业全球重组和转移之后,以信息技术外包和业务流程外包等服务外包为代表的服务业转移蓬勃发展,已成为不可逆转的新一轮全球产业革命和产业转移趋势,而研发外包是目前外包领域中新兴的形式。以往的研究认为,研发活动是企业的核心流程,外包的市场交易费用高,传统交易费用理论难以解释研发外包的发展。以交易成本理论为基础,借助新兴古典经济学的分析方法,从理论上分析研发外包活动存在的合理性,指出网络信息技术有效提高研发活动交易效率是决定企业外包决策的重要因素。     

基于国际产业转移的服务外包产业研究

伴随着新一轮的国际产业转移,以服务外包为主要内容的现代服务业产业转移给中国带来了新的发展机遇。本文通过对国际产业转移背景下服务外包产业的研究分析,提出我国发展服务外包产业的几点建议。     

服务外包，新的机遇

进入21世纪以来,随着国际分工的进一步加深,信息技术创新的突破性进展,很多企业将非核心服务交给其他企业处理,引发了大规模的服务业国际转移。服务外包己成为新一轮世界产业结构调整的重要引擎,成为跨国公司产业转移的新形式。服务外包的不断扩大,也改变着各国在国际产业链和价值链中的位置,承接服务外包已成为发展中国家参与国际竞争的重要战略选择之一。     

全球服务外包发展现状与策略

近年来经济全球化和信息化的发展极大地改变了跨国公司经营和竞争的环境．国际服务外包已成为跨国公司提高核心竞争力的战略，推动了全球新一轮的产业转移。这对走向国际市场、发展现代服务业的中国来说，充满着机遇和挑战。     

中国软件服务外包产业的发展现状与战略选择

在新一轮的全球产业转移中,软件服务外包已经成为一种新兴的产业形态和服务贸易模式,并且正在迅猛发展。作为新一轮产业转移的重要推动因素,国际软件服务外包为寻求服务业发展的中国提供了不可多得的机遇。本文在对中国软件服务外包的现状与存在的问题进行分析的基础上,就中国承接国际软件服务外包面临的机遇和挑战展开了讨论,进而对中国发展软件服务外包提出了相应的政策建议。     

吉林省国际服务外包发展路径研究

国际服务外包是新一轮国际产业转移的重点,把握国际服务外包的发展机遇,主动承接国际服务业转移,是吉林省实现产业升级,转变经济增长方式的重要途径。在剖析吉林省国际服务外包发展现状、问题和条件基础上,提出吉林省国际服务外包的发展路径：立足日韩外包,拓展欧美市场;以汽车与动漫为服务外包发展重点;依托优势条件,重点发展业务流程外包;培养和引进多层次国际服务外包人才;优化和完善国际服务外包的软环境。     

国际服务外包转移与我国的承接对策

近几年,国际服务外包从发达国家向新兴市场国家转移的趋势渐趋明显。在新一轮全球产业转移中,主动承接国际服务外包应是新兴发展中国家必须把握的重大机遇,也是我国在新形势下推进加工贸易转型升级和转变经济增长方式的最佳路径。当前要充分认识承接国际服务外包转移的重要性,采取综合、配套的措施积极承接服务外包的国际转移。     

全球服务业离岸外包的发展趋势与中国的政策选择

离岸外包是企业充分利用国外资源和企业外部资源进行产业转移的一种形式，主要是指跨国公司利用发展中国家的低成本优势将生产和服务外包到发展中国家。与外商直接投资（FDI）相比，由于离岸外包更具有降低成本、强化核心能力、扩大经济规模等作用，越来越多的跨国公司将离岸外包作为国际化的重要战略选择。离岸外包兴起于制造业，但进入本世纪以来，由于发展中国家的技术、     

Bailing outsourcing

In a model of organizational choice, this paper shows that in face of an increasingly expected bailout from the government, outsourcing input production to an offshore location is more likely an optimal choice for a firm. Such a response is consistent with the three trends in the US manufacturing sector after the crisis: (a) employment keeps declining; (b) massive layoffs have not stopped; and (c) imported intermediate inputs have been gaining importance.     

Dynamic analysis of outsourcing

This paper develops an R&D-based growth model and calibrates the model to aggregate data of the US economy to quantify a structural relationship between patent length, R&D and consumption. Under parameter values that match the empirical flow-profit depreciation rate of patents and other key features of the US economy, extending the patent length beyond 20 years leads to a negligible increase in R&D despite equilibrium R&D underinvestment. In contrast, shortening the patent length leads to a significant reduction in R&D and consumption. Finally, this paper also analytically derives and quantifies a dynamic distortionary effect of patent length on capital investment.     

关于人力资源管理外包的探讨

作为企业发展的一种重要战略工具，人力资源管理外包正被越来越多的公司所采用。它将成为未来人力资源管理的新趋势.本系统地分析了人力资源管理外包的收益及其潜在的风险，并对企业如何成功地实施该策略进行 了深入的探讨。     

International outsourcing and incomplete contracts

Abstract.  International outsourcing to lower cost countries such as China and India can best be understood through the enrichment of trade models to include concepts from industrial organization and contract theory that explain the vertical organization of production. The combination of trade with the choice of organizational form represents an important new area for both theoretical and empirical research. This survey paper provides a perspective on this new literature so as to gain insights into the forces driving international outsourcing. The paper focuses on relationship‐specific investment, incomplete contracts, and also search and matching, as fundamental concepts that explain outsourcing decisions. JEL classification: F1, L14     

The outsourcing productivity paradox: total outsourcing, organisational innovation, and long run productivity growth

A growing number of empirical studies find a relationship between the outsourcing of activities and a long term loss of firm productivity growth. The paper addresses this outsourcing productivity paradox by examining the connection between total outsourcing and organisational innovation. We present a model of organisational innovation in which managers raise productive efficiency by identifying organisational architectures that more effectively integrate value-adding activities and administrative routines. As part of this process, managers can internally or externally source an activity. Simulations of the model show that large scale outsourcing restricts the scope for future organisational innovation, leading to lower productivity growth. The findings accord with the empirical data and provide a salutary warning for managers and policy-makers about the long term implications of total outsourcing.

Political preferences and public sector outsourcing

Given the intensive and ideologically charged debate over the use of private contractors for publicly funded services, it is somewhat surprising that many social scientists have preferred to explain government outsourcing by the pursuit of economic efficiency. Starting out from different theories, we investigate political explanations of government outsourcing using a Swedish data set in which outsourcing varies between municipalities and over time, as well as between services. Our identification strategy focuses on two services with similar contracting problems and local market conditions: preschools and primary schools. We study a period in which Swedish municipalities had full discretion in the provision of preschools, while their influence on the private provision of primary education was limited by a national voucher system. The comparison of preschools with primary schools in a difference-in-differences model suggests that the political color of the ruling majority influences outsourcing, which is consistent with the Citizen Candidate model of representative democracy.     

International outsourcing when labour markets are unionized

Abstract. We consider the implications of international outsourcing in a simple general equilibrium model where the wage rate is the outcome of negotiations between a firm and a trade union. The effects of potential, but non‐realized, international outsourcing, is a reduction in the wage rate and an increase in employment. Aggregate welfare increases, but the trade union becomes worse off while owners of capital become better off. Realized international outsourcing gives rise to an increase in the wage rate and a reduction in employment. Aggregate welfare decreases, but the trade union becomes better off, while owners of capital become worse off.     

Managing offshore outsourcing in the software industry

The objective of this research paper is to investigate the fundamental role of managers in guiding and growing relationships of offshore software outsourcing partnerships. Offshore outsourcing allows businesses to reduce costs, increase shareholder value, gain competitive advantage, decrease cycle time, improve customer loyalty, gain staffing flexibility and increase revenue, and ultimately allows a business to focus on its core competencies. This study provides a strategic analysis on the key advantages and disadvantages between a contracted source vs a wholly owned offshore outsourcing subsidiary. The paper was focused on the dynamics of the management relationship with a look at how culture, language and the legal systems in foreign countries contribute to the overall outcome of offshore outsourcing ventures.     

International outsourcing and the demand for skills

This paper explores the impact of international outsourcing on the demand for skills in three small and open EU economies. A model of variable costs and factor demand functions for different skill levels and imported as well as domestic materials are constructed. International outsourcing is treated directly as a substitution process between labour of different skills and imported inputs. The direct consequence of international outsourcing for labour is measured by the cross price elasticities. These cross price elasticities indicate a negative outsourcing impact on low- and medium-skilled labour in the three countries and on high-skilled labour in two out of the three countries. This outsourcing effect on labour is compared with the direct effect of embodied technical change and of the technical change bias. International outsourcing has a more unambigous and significant negative impact on labour than technical change. Technical change is either labour using (embodied technical change) or only slightly biased in favour of high-skilled labour. When the cost savings effect of international outsourcing is taken into account, an indirect positive stimulus for all skill categories arises from a greater demand for goods. It can be shown, that this indirect positive effect can compensate for a large part of the negative substitution impact of international outsourcing on labour.     

International outsourcing versus FDI under contractual incompleteness

This paper empirically analyses the boundaries of a large sample of Italian multinational enterprises, with firm-level data from Capitalia, AIDA and Centrale dei Bilanci. Within the broad array of feasible contracts in a foreign country, we focus on the trade-off between international outsourcing and foreign direct investment (FDI), in a context of contractual incompleteness. Probit estimates reveal that Italian enterprises operating in highly relation-specific environments are more prone to international outsourcing than FDI, consistently with recent theoretical contributions on the topic. Results are robust to different specifications and alternative measures of contractual incompleteness and international outsourcing.