高校专利技术转化能力评价指标体系研究

回顾了国内外高校科研能力评价研究的现状;剖析了高校专利技术转化系统的构成要素;结合国内外相关研究设计了高校专利技术转化能力评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法确定指标权重。     

高校科技成果转化现实障碍及其破解机制

高校科技成果转化率低的现实早已引起社会各界警觉,但理论研究和实践探索都将权属改革视为破解圭臬,并未实现预期目标。事实上,高校科技成果转化的真正障碍是专利技术水平和转化价值低、专业转化人才与机构缺失、中试环节薄弱且资金匮乏。因此,为了针对高校成果转化痛点精准施策,释放创新驱动效能,我国应改革专利管理体制和科研评价机制,提升专利质量并加大科学研究对企业需求的关照;可借鉴牛津大学的做法,由高校在不增加编制的前提下,独资建立自负盈亏的专业转化服务公司;优化科研经费投入结构,引导多元风险资金进入,健全科技成果转化风险投资机制。     

基于客户价值导向的高校专利运营研究

高校专利技术管理的快速发展和不断创新要求从一个全新的视角对其有了更系统的了解.目前对高校专利的研究主要集中在专利成果转化方面,而社会的市场化要求我们必须把高校作为一个运营主体去研究高校在市场中面对特殊的客户如何运营专利,从而提高专利的转化实施率.本文首先对国内外学者的研究作了梳理,总结了研究成果及不足;接着分析了我国高校专利转化的现状及问题,在充分分析客户价值的基础上构建了高校专利运营模式;最后,在此基础上对基于客户价值的高校专利运营进行了初步探讨.     

高等学校实施专利战略的重要性及保护策略

高校专利战略是高校发展进程中面临的一个重要问题。指出高校当前存在专利战略意识较淡薄、专利管理制度不健全、激励机制不够完善、专利技术转化率不高等问题,论述了高校专利战略的重要性,提出从构筑严密外围专利网、加强专利管理、搭建专利转化平台、加大对专利的资金投入、鼓励风险投资参与高校专利技术转化5个方面制定专利保护策略,促进高等学校专利战略的全面实施,进而提升高校的竞争力。     

高校专利孵化器模型研究

高校是人才培养的基地,也是推动科技进步的基地。然而现在高校面临着专利技术转化率过低的问题,其中的一个重要因素是资金不足。在专利转化的现有模式中,以高校科技园为依托,引进风险投资,辅之相关的法律法规政策,从而建成高校专利转化孵化器,促进高校专利转化,实现高校科技和企业生产需要的对接,推动经济增长。     

高科技中小企业专利技术质押融资业务的信贷合约设计

高科技中小企业信用体系缺失,没有不动产提供给银行进行抵押贷款,专利技术质押融资成为解决高科技中小企业融资难的有效途径之一。分析了专利技术质押融资过程中的风险点——专利技术价值评估、专利技术交易市场的流动性以及交易成本,并对专利技术质押融资的质押率以及银行承担的风险敞口等参数设定给出了数学模型,为银行开展专利技术质押融资提供了参考。     

专利转化特征精准识别与预测——以人工智能芯片为例

探讨前沿科技领域专利转化特征并对其进行精准识别与预测，对于我国破解“卡脖子”技术难题及实现科技自立自强具有重要意义。选取人工智能芯片专利领域，采用机器学习算法测度最优转化预测方案，分析全球范围内主要国家或地区专利成功转化影响因素，从企业/高校、国内/国际等不同层面总结专利成功转化的主要特征。结果发现：随机森林算法预测效果较好，人工智能芯片领域专利转化概率服从对数曲线分布，影响高校/企业、国内/国外专利转化特征的因素有所不同。最后，提出高校/科研机构应注重高价值专利维持和团队合作、企业应提升专利技术质量和撰写质量等政策建议。     

基于GA-BP神经网络的专利技术产业化全过程评价研究

从系统流程的角度界定和分析专利技术产业化所需经历的阶段,并根据每个阶段的特点作出合理的评价,是实现专利技术顺利转化的基础,鉴此对专利技术产业化全过程进行了定义,认为其包含新产品开发、市场化和规模化生产3个阶段,藉此建立专利技术产业化全过程的评价指标体系,运用遗传算法改进的BP神经网络建立专利技术产业化全过程评价模型,以调研所得数据对网络进行训练,用训练好的网络对专利技术产业化全过程进行评估,结果表明该模型具有较好的可行性和实用性。     

县级区域专利技术转化机制探索

引进或开发实施一项专利技术,对搞活、促进区域经济发展、脱贫致富奔小康,促进生产力发展具有较大意义。但是,专利技术转化现实生产力的过程,是一个十分复杂的过程,即涉及到专利技术本身是否成熟的问题,又涉及到政策、体制、管理、市场等社会诸多方面能否协调运作的问题。因此,对专利技术现状进行分析并探索县级专利技术转化为现实生产力的运行机制,促进区域经济发展,意义重大。 一、专利技术转化为现实生产力的主要难点 １、专利技术上的误区。科技界普遍存在重成果轻专利的思想,至于专利技术能否推广应用,能否产生经济效益则很…     

专利价值评估指标体系与专利技术质量评价实证研究

专利价值评估指标体系及分析模型是专利资产定价研究的重要内容。考虑技术、市场、竞争和法律因素对专利价值的影响,建立专利价值评估指标体系,以技术价值评价指标为基础,建立专利技术质量评价模型,对中国科学院1985-2013年获得美国授权的专利进行了质量评价。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

Types of technology

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical framework within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.