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1.
中国香港、英国、美国等地旅游学者对中国大陆民众赴香港旅游进行了不少研究,并在《Tourism Management》等英文学术期刊上发表了一系列的研究成果.本文从大陆民众赴港旅游动机、旅游感知、消费行为、旅游预测等4个方面对这些研究成果进行了梳理和回顾,并对未来研究方向进行了展望.  相似文献   

2.
陈威勇  于一秀 《经济论坛》2011,(12):140-141
旅游目的地形象一直是旅游目的地建设的重要内容,它直接影响着游客的满意度和回头率,也直接影响着旅游目的地的声誉以及整个旅游区的营业收入。本文从旅游者的感知出发,研究旅游者在游览文化创意产业园区的过程中影响他们旅游感知满意度的因素,提出了游客感知“灰度区”与游客感知“光环区”的概念,分析了“灰度区”旅游形象开发的必要性与可行性,并对文化创意产业园区旅游产品的形象整合模式进行了探讨。  相似文献   

3.
以咸宁温泉游客为对象,运用因子分析法和线性回归分析法,分析温泉旅游目的地形象感知对游客满意度的影响.研究表明:温泉旅游目的地形象感知因素主要由温泉旅游环境形象、服务设施形象和产品形象及功能形象等四大因子构成,且形象感知因素对游客满意度有显著影响,但不同的形象感知因素对游客满意度之间的影响程度不同.  相似文献   

4.
文章基于Python、Gephi平台,利用HanLP、SnowNLP等自然语言处理(NLP)工具对比分析中国京津冀、长三角两大城市群的旅游形象感知,对其进行词汇分析、双词共现短语、语义网络分析,实现从点、线、面层层递进式探索。研究表明:(1)京津冀、长三角认知形象在旅游目的地、旅游配套设施、旅游资源等方面具有一定程度的相似性,同时两大城市群旅游形象各具特色。(2)京津冀、长三角情感形象感知以积极情感为主,消极为辅,中性占比最低。相对于长三角情感形象,京津冀积极情感占比较多,消极情感占比较少。(3)旅游资源距离和类型等影响旅游形象关联。(4)两大城市群整体旅游形象感知具有小世界网络属性,其语义网络呈现“中心—外围”结构,且以正面形象为主。(5)文章构建城市群旅游形象的“T(旅游者)—S(旅游空间)—R(旅游资源)”理论框架。  相似文献   

5.
随着大数据时代到来,收集在线游记文本建立文本数据库,可获取游客对旅游目的地的综合感知形象,为城市旅游目的地形象感知研究提供新的思路。以携程网、去哪儿网攻略收集的游客游记文本作为研究样本,基于旅游目的地形象感知"认知—情感"模型,运用文本分析法提取大连市的形象感知高频特征词,探索游客对大连市的旅游形象感知并运用百度指数分析校验。结果表明:(1)海洋、广场、公园是游客对于大连旅游形象的基本认知形象,体现其滨海旅游资源特色突出。(2)游客对于旅游资源、旅游环境、旅游活动的满意度较高,评价中以积极情感为主。消极感知的主要来源具体反映在景区(点)门票、旅游服务态度、交通基础设施破旧等旅游基础设施与配套方面。(3)整体形象感知上,大连市的整体形象感知是滨海旅游胜地、"广场之城",正面积极感知占比较高。(4)游记语义网络图呈"核心—次核心—外围"圈层结构,以大连为核心,大连—广场,大连—海洋,大连—老虎滩是网络图中联系较为密切的关系链。  相似文献   

6.
良好的城市旅游形象将会增强城市旅游竞争力,以游客为调查对象,调查其对沈阳市的了解程度、了解途径、对沈阳城市旅游形象各个构成要素的感知评判以及对沈阳城市旅游形象综合感知等,希望为沈阳旅游形象的塑造和传播,为沈阳的健康发展旅游业提供建议和参考。  相似文献   

7.
旅游者对旅游目的地的行前形象认知是影响其旅游决策的重要因素,旅游者信息涉入的差异对其旅游目的地行前形象的形成有重大影响。以旅游信息传播为视角,采用便利抽样方式对408名旅游者仅从旅行社和既从旅行社又从互联网来获取行前旅游目的地信息涉入差异进行调查,探讨旅游者感知的旅游目的地行前形象与旅游信息涉入来源、信息涉入程度和个人互联网体验能力的相关关系。研究发现,当旅游者在行前同时从旅行社和互联网两种途径获得旅游目的地形象信息,与单一从旅行社获取目的地信息相比,旅游者对旅游目的地的行前形象感知更差,但是这种感知效果会随着旅游者的互联网体验和旅游者信息收集能力的增强而逐步得到改善,并据此提出了一些管理建议。  相似文献   

8.
本文采用因子分析和结构方程模式方法,以杭州国际游客为抽样总体,对“目的地形象→游客感知质量→游客满意度→游客未来行为意图”的影响路径进行检验,得出与以往研究并不完全一致的结论:目的地形象对游客感知质量有直接影响,并通过游客感知质量对游客满意度及未来行为意图产生间接影响,游客满意度则对游客未来行为意图没有直接或间接的影响。以上研究结论体现出中国旅游情境下形象理论变异性,也对杭州国际旅游市场营销具有明确的指导意义。  相似文献   

9.
针对非物质文化遗产真实性保持与旅游开发系统的复杂性,基于旅游感知研究非物质文化遗产共生特征和发展机制的研究是旅游业可持续发展的必须手段。因此,在借鉴对遗产旅游和民族文化旅游研究成果的基础上,结合非物质文化遗产旅游自身的特点,基于旅游者对其真实性的感知,并进一步探讨在非物质文化旅游中真实性感知对旅游满意度是否产生影响,验证游客对非物质文化遗产真实性的感知,通过政府非物质文化遗产本体与旅游开发的共生机制,确立政府制定政策和完善保障措施。  相似文献   

10.
陆利军  廖小平 《经济地理》2019,39(12):221-229
目的地旅游形象是吸引旅游者的关键因素,而旅游者生成的UGC数据则在相当程度上较为精准地反映了旅游者对旅游目的地的偏好、兴趣和评价。以南岳衡山为研究对象,以百度旅游等旅游门户网站爬取的游记和评论为研究素材,采用文本分析与基于词向量的情感分析方法,基于目的地形象构建的"认知—情感"三维模型,分别从认知形象、情感形象和整体形象三个方面探讨了旅游者对其旅游目的地形象的感知。结果表明:①根据词频统计分析、关键词聚类方法得出,旅游者对南岳衡山的认知可归纳为人物、自然、交通、活动、建筑、文化、场所/地域等七个维度;②根据情感和语义分析方法得出,旅游者对南岳衡山的积极形象感知要素包括佛道共存、心愿之旅、五岳独秀、四季佳景、福寿文化、冰雪奇缘、精妙建筑、文明奥区和抗战名山等九个核心类属,消极形象感知要素则包括服务、资源、环境、安全、体验和设施等6个核心类属、19个二级子类;③基于词向量的情感分析方法得出,旅游者对南岳衡山的整体形象感知是积极的,综合正面评论占比91.58%。  相似文献   

11.
John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.  相似文献   

12.
Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?  相似文献   

13.
This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.  相似文献   

15.
中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长  相似文献   

16.
In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.  相似文献   

17.
Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.  相似文献   

18.
The buildup of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — CO2 in particular-appears to be having an adverse impact on the global climate. This paper briefly reviews current expectations with regard to physical and biological effects, their potential costs to society, and likely costs of abatement. For a worst case scenario it is impossible to assess, in economic terms, the full range of possible non-linear synergistic effects. In the most favorable (although not necessarily likely) case (of slow-paced climate change), however, it seems likely that the impacts are within the affordable range, at least in the industrialized countries of the world. In the third world the notion of affordability is of doubtful relevance, making the problem of quantitative evaluation almost impossible. We tentatively assess the lower limit of quantifiable climate-induced damages at $30 to $35 per ton of CO2 equivalent, worldwide, with the major damages being concentrated in regions most adversely affected by sea-level rise. The non-quantifiable environmental damages are also significant and should by no means be disregarded.The costs and benefits of (1) reducing CFC use and (2) reducing fossil fuel consumption, as a means of abatement, are considered in some detail. This strategy has remarkably high indirect benefits in terms of reduced air pollution damage and even direct cost savings to consumers. The indirect benefits of reduced air pollution and its associated health and environmental effects from fossil-fuel combustion in the industrialized countries range from $20 to $60 per ton of CO2 eliminated. In addition, there is good evidence that modest (e.g. 25%) reductions in CO2 emissions may be achievable by the U.S. (and, by implication, for other countries) by a combination of increased energy efficiency and restructuring that would permit simultaneous direct economic benefits (savings) to energy consumers of the order of $50 per ton of CO2 saved. A higher level of overall emissions reduction — possibly approaching 50% — could probably be achieved, at little or not net cost, by taking advantage of these savings.We suggest the use of taxes on fossil fuel extraction (or a carbon tax) as a reasonable way of inducing the structural changes that would be required to achieve significant reduction in energy use and CO2 emissions. To minimize the economic burden (and create a political constituency in support of the approach) we suggest the substitution of resource-based taxes in general for other types of taxes (on labor, income, real estate, or trade) that are now the main sources of government revenue. While it is conceded that it would be difficult to calculate the optimal tax on extractive resources, we do not think this is a necessary prerequisite to policy-making. In fact, we note that the existing tax system has never been optimized according to theoretical principles, and is far from optimal by any reasonable criteria.During the academic year 1989–90 Dr. Ayres was at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.During the summer of 1989 Mr. Walter was a member of the Young Scientists' Summer Program at IIASA.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”  相似文献   

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