美国人才开放战略及其启示

美国对个人价值的认同以及对劳工权益的保护为人才提供了良好环境,并以健全的市场机制与社保体系留住人才。其移民政策向技术型人才倾斜,通过签证政策积极引入商业精英,凭借优越的生活和工作条件吸引人才。与此同时,美国多管齐下吸收留学人才,通过海外科研“间接”引进人才。美国的人才政策对中国具有多重借鉴意义。     

日本吸引海外人才的政策与措施

近年来,为了应对国际人才争夺日益激烈的形势,日本官、产、学、研紧密合作,大力实施国际化人才战略,积极吸引国外科技人才,使得日本成为继美国之后全球最大的人力资源消费国和受益国。与美国依靠留学生、移民和工作签证三大法宝在激烈的国际人才竞争中制胜相比,日本政府积极研究和借鉴发达国家吸引人才的政策举措,积极吸引外脑,以大学国际化为重点加强环境建设,官产学联手充实留学生政策,鼓励优秀留学生在日就业等措施,力争聚集全球优秀人才。从高龄少子化、人口减少的国情出发,大力扩大留学生数量、有效放宽工作签证限制以及借助跨国公司在新兴国家大量吸收优质廉价科技人才将是日本吸引国际人才的长期方针。日本新一轮的吸引海外留学生及留住优秀留学生的政策能否收到预期成效,如何采取进一步的吸引人才措施,以及日本企业强化争夺国际人才的战略部署,都值得关注。     

移民积分制的全球实践及其启示

移民积分制是一种挑选移民主要是高技能人才的重要政策工具,在一些具有移民传统的发达国家和地区广泛使用,并受到越来越多的国家关注。目前,实施移民积分制的国家,一类为实施积分制,另一类为实施类积分制,这两类的典型国家分别为加拿大和德国。通过概述加拿大积分制和德国类积分制的实践,深入分析了移民积分制的实施前提、主要特征,剖析了实施移民积分制的优点和不足,继而对实施和调整移民积分制的整体框架进行了反思与归纳。我国当前仍处在经济社会快速发展的阶段,迫切需要各类科技人才,必须加快移民积分制的实施,但在实施过程中,应该注意对实施对象的范围做出严格限定,所制定的积分制要有利于满足高层次科技创新创业人才以多种方式来中国发展的需求,并可采取国家、省级两级积分体系。     

试论人才的合理使用

我国春秋时管子为帮助齐恒公成就霸业提出了“争天下者,必先争人”的战略思想。在当今的世界中,争人就是要争人才,人才是最重要的资源。美国仅有世界人口中的1/22,却拥有全世界1/2的研究生,1/3的大学生和1/4的科研人员,不仅如此,最近又通过了增加高级专业技术人员赴美签证名额的法案,把1998年该类签证名额由6.5万人调整到8.5万人,计划2000年再扩大到11.5万人。在全球经济普遍滑坡的情况下,美国经济却保持持续增长,不能不说人才多是其重要的原因。可见作为一个国家来讲,人才众多是兴旺之基础。如何科学地合理使用人才,真正做到人尽其才,物尽…     

海外人才引进:构建人力资源强国的重要路径——国际经验与启示

各国通过移民、工作签证、留学生计划、国际研究合作、吸引人才回流等方式获取海外人才,同时,还在资金、科研条件等诸多方面构建海外人才激励机制。以此为借鉴,我国应建立全球人才观,吸引人才回流同时引入外国专家,并通过管理创新、优化信息配置、提供资金支持、完善配套政策等多个层面加大对海人才的吸引力度。     

防范美对伊朗新制裁带来的经营风险

新年伊始,美2013年度的国防授权法案如期在总统奥巴马签署后正式出台.这部长达600多页的法案,沿袭了上一年度国防授权法案的做法,再次增加了对伊朗制裁的内容.2012年度法案只在第1245条款涉及对伊制裁,2013年法案则有所不同,对伊制裁不仅单独成章,同时还被冠以了伊朗自由和反扩散法的称谓.这也是在过去两年里,美出台的第四个制裁伊朗的法案,美对伊制裁可谓用心,立法不可谓不高效. 对伊制裁主要内容 2013年法案进一步扩大了对伊能源、航运和造船行业的制裁,增加了与伊进行特定材料交易的制裁,还对2012年法案第1245条款等进行了修订.法案大部分制裁措施将在180天后,即从2013年7月1日开始生效.     

美国金融监管改革能够成功吗——基于利益集团视角的分析

美国金融部门自我膨胀,再加上没有进行风险调整的激励机制,导致美国经济过度金融化,是此次金融危机的重要原因。危机发生后,美国采取了一系列措施应对次贷危机,其中最具代表性的是金融监管改革法案。但金融利益集团在金融监管法案通过过程中为了维护自身利益,极力阻挠法案顺利通过。本文认为金融利益集团将会在法案实施过程中继续阻挠法案实施,美国金融监管改革将会虎头蛇尾,难以有效预防下一次金融危机发生。     

建筑工程签证的控制与管理

在建设工程实施过程中,工程签证经常发生.业主与承包商根据双方订立的施工承发包合同,履行各自在合同中的义务,并获得相应的权利.在工程实施的过程中,通常会发生合同约定内容以外的增减项目、增减工程量等,签证便应运而生.从这一点看,签证是业主与承包商之间在工程实施过程中对已定合同的一种弥补或动态调整,因此广泛地应用于建设工程施工过程中,是承包商乃至业主都较愿意采取的一种现场约定方式.从另一方面来看,因为工程签证常常涉及费用,使得工程签证管理在工程项目管理工作中是一项很敏感,同时又是很重要的工作.     

广东再向全球引进创新创业团队和领军人才

5月31日,广东省人才工作领导小组办公室在南方日报发布公告,广东面向全球引进第四批创新创业团队和领军人才,即日起开始接受申报,至2013年7月15日截止。而经评审入选的团队可获得省财政不低于1000万元人民币的专项工作经费资助;珠三     

旅美注意事项

签证1赴美旅游需办理B2签证,具体详情可登陆美国大使馆官方网站http://chinese.usembassy-china.org.cn/查询,内有详细的签证办理指南。其官方新浪微博为@美国驻华大使馆@美国驻广州总领事馆2自2013年3月16日起,美国大使馆和发放签证的所有领事馆开始实施新的签证预约、费用支付和文件递送系统。新系统进一步简化了申请流程,让申请人省时、省力又省钱,而且还可随时监控申请状态。     

Can social sentiment affect spouse-based immigration?

This article studies the effect of social sentiment on spouse-based immigration in the US using data on 27 origin countries from 1996 to 2013. We find that the number of immigrant spouses from a foreign country to the US is directly correlated with this country’s popularity among Americans.     

U.S. IMMIGRATION REFORM: POLICY ISSUES AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

In recent years, legal U. S. immigration has approached historically high levels, and illegal immigration has been thought to be high and perhaps rising. Consequently, the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy proposed sweeping changes in the nation's immigration laws. During 1984, both the Senate and House passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act (Simpson-Mazzoli Bill). This bill subsequently died in the conference committee that was established to reconcile differences between the bill's two versions. The proposed act has three major provisions: (1) control of illegal immigration, (2) legalization of alienstatus, and (3) reform of legal immigration. Both the House and Senate versions would maintain the present orientation of U.S. immigration policy toward family reunification, but the Senate proposed significant changes in legal immigration restrictions that would shift policy slightly more toward labor considerations. These proposed changes were eliminated in the compromise made in the conference committee. Employer sanctions and legalization of illegal aliens were left as the two most prominent alterations to existing policy. During 1985, the 99th Congress is likely to reconsider the Simpson-Mazzoli Bill, perhaps in a streamlined version which emphasizes employer sanctions, legalization, and a substantial increase in border enforcement.     

Auctioning Immigration Visas

Freeman (2006 ) suggested that auctioning immigration visas and redistributing the revenue to native residents in the host country would increase migration from low-income to high-income countries. The effect of the auctioning of immigration visas, in the Ricardian model from Findlay (1982 ), on the optimal level of immigration for the host country is considered. It is shown that auctioning immigration visas will lead to a positive level of immigration only if the initial wage difference between the host country and the source country is substantial. The cost of the immigration visa is more than half the earnings of the immigrant worker.     

Competing for Good Immigrants

I analyze the competition among different countries for ‘desirable’ and ‘undesirable’ potential immigrants, using both an immigration quota and a level of (imperfect) ‘scrutiny’ that would‐be immigrants face. Scrutiny imposes costs on immigrants and therefore makes it less attractive to immigrate. The number of applying undesirable immigrants increases in immigration quota and decreases in the level of scrutiny. In contrast, the number of desirable applicants can go in either direction as scrutiny increases and is independent of the immigration quota, because an increase in the immigration quota is completely crowded out by more applications by undesirable immigrants.     

The export effect of immigration into the USA

Much has been written on the connection between migration and international trade. Human history provides important examples of migrations leading to increased trade activity, with perhaps the most well-known example of the ‘Overseas Chinese’. This study investigates the trade-related importance of Chinese and other immigrants into the USA. Previous studies may have underestimated (or overestimated) the relationship between trade and migration with nations treated as featureless plains rather than as varied landscapes. This study contends that an understanding of the immigration–trade relationship can be improved upon by examining the specific pattern and destination of immigration into specific US states. Using state level export data to 28 immigrant source countries in 1993, a strong immigration–trade link is found, reinforcing conclusions made by previous research using country level data. The compelling connection between immigration and trade found in this study and others suggests that future changes to US immigration policies necessitate that their trade effects also be taken into account.     

美欧科技人才队伍建设经验及对湖北的启示

美国的技术移民政策和工作签证计划,为美国吸引了大量的国外科技人才;美国重视人才的继续教育和培训,让科技人才能不断跟踪科技发展的最新成果;欧盟完善了人才政策,出台了庞大的资金支撑框架计划,以吸引更多人才从事科研职业,促进了人才在欧盟国家的自由流动。同时,他们都很重视增加科技人员的生活保障和待遇水平,改善其工作环境,激发科技人员尤其是年轻科技人员的创新精神和进取意识。湖北省启动了"高端人才引领培养计划"等6项重大人才工程。介绍了美欧引进、开发和培养人才的法规政策和举措,以期为湖北的科技人才队伍建设提供些经验和启示。     

Promoting entry of high-quality workers through US immigration policy

We examine how US immigrants would be affected by applying a simple point system for admission, as Canada does. Since US immigration policy emphasizes family reunification, immigrants have lower education and earnings than natives, with unauthorized immigrants’ education below legal ones. Using American Community Survey data, and Center for Migration Studies data, which allows us to distinguish legal from unauthorized immigrants, we examine the effects of requiring immigrants to meet 2 of 3 conditions: (1) a high school or college degree, (2) being less than 40 years old and (3) working in a professional occupation, while admitting the same numbers of immigrants. This policy changes the source countries of immigrants and there are large positive effects on immigrant earnings. Immigrants’ use of government transfer programs is reduced to below natives and income inequality falls. Finally, with existing policy, immigrant earnings growth is not enough to overtake natives given immigrants’ entering earnings disadvantage. With this point system, immigrants start at a higher level and surpass natives relatively quickly.     

Immigration policy index

The immigration policy index is based on three types of entry visa restrictions: visa required, visa not required for short stays and visa not required. I identify country pairs which changed their visa regime during 2000–2010 and find that the weakening of visa policy is associated with a 10 percent increase in migrant stocks and a significant shift towards male and less skilled migration from policy affected source countries. In contrast, the tightening of visa policy is not related to a significant change in migrant stocks, their gender or skill composition. The result suggests the existence of immigration policy hysteresis.     

The immigration surplus and the substitutability of immigrant and native labor: evidence from Spain

How immigration affects the labor market of the host country is a topic of major concern for many immigrant-receiving nations. Spain is no exception, as a consequence of the rapid increase in immigrant flows experienced over the past few decades. We assess the impact of immigration on Spanish natives’ incomes by estimating the net immigration surplus (IS) under the assumption of perfect and imperfect substitutabilities between immigrant and native labor of similar educational attainment. To address the imperfect substitutability between immigrant and native labor, we use information on the occupational distribution of immigrants and natives of similar educational attainment to learn about the equivalency of skilled immigrants to skilled and unskilled natives. The results show that the magnitude of the IS significantly rises with the degree of imperfect substitutability between immigrant and native labor.