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1.
我国食品安全政府管制模式转型的路径选择   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近几年,我国食品安全问题日益突出,这与食品安全监管中现行的政府垄断型管制模式相关,该模式存在监管机构分散、监管成本偏高等主要缺陷。针对垄断型管制模式中的固有缺陷,提出了向引入多元参与机制的民主化政府管制模式转型,从权力重新配置、互动制度安排和参与者素质培养等方面阐述我国食品安全管制模式由垄断型向民主化转型的路径选择,以期对完善我国的食品安全监管具有一定现实意义。  相似文献   

2.
随着我国经济的高速发展,环境形势日益严峻,而环境管制作为解决环境问题的有效途径,在我国取得了一定成就,同时也面临着一些问题。基于此现状,本文主要从环境法律法规体系、环境管制机构设置以及相关的管制政策三个方面来研究我国的环境管制现状,并从政府治理的角度分析我国环境管制存在的问题。我国需进一步完善环境管制的法律体系,相应调整管制机构体系,以限制地方政府对环境管制的不正当干预,从而保证环境管制政策的有效实施。  相似文献   

3.
垄断性产业的管制机构不同于一般政府行政机关,具有较高的管制效率;管制机构的相对独立性是维持其权威性,保持管制执法公正性的基本前提;应以现代管制理念为基本原则设立高效率的管制机构;管制机构的基本权力是履行其管制职能的法律基础,主要体现在准立法权、行政权和准司法权;只有当管制机构的管制收益大于成本时,管制机构才是有效的,两者的对比关系是评价管制机构有效性的重要指标。  相似文献   

4.
本文研究企业与科研机构组成的合作研发组织下的隐性契约。双方虽然事前有参与合作的动力,但是由于存在组织下的合作研发外溢效应,这种外溢既有合作双方间的外溢风险,又有协议实施和背弃的外溢风险。本文从厂商立场出发,通过分析合作中采用何种隐性契约控制和限制外溢风险发现,当溢出率较小时采用长期雇佣契约更稳定,而溢出率较大时采用技术支持契约更稳定。  相似文献   

5.
国有企业管理者激励补偿效应——政府的角色   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文突出制度环境,研究了政府干预对国有企业管理者薪酬激励效应的影响。同时,比较了政府这一制度约束与管理者权力这一契约安排之间的制衡关系。通过实证分析发现,政府干预程度越低,管理者盈余管理的空间越有限,薪酬与企业真实绩效的敏感度越强,但这一现象只存在于管理者权力较小的企业。在管理者权力较大的企业,薪酬自定现象明显,政府干预的减少并未弱化管理者的权力,也没有提高薪酬激励效应。本文的结论进一步验证了制度环境对管理者激励契约的重要影响,并对现有相关文献加以扩展,指出了契约安排内的权力取向会削弱制度环境的影响。  相似文献   

6.
本文实证研究我国特殊制度背景下审计行业的外部风险约束因素,包括法律约束和政府管制,对提高审计市场效率的有效性及差异性。首先结合我国特殊制度环境的分析,构建决定审计师最优努力和审慎程度的审计成本模型,然后选取2007-2012年被提起法律诉讼或受到政府管制主体处罚的审计师作为研究样本,从可操纵性应计利润和会计稳健性的视角检验法律约束程度和政府管制力度的提高是否显著改善审计师执业质量。分析和检验结果表明,我国审计市场外部风险约束主要由政府管制主导,法律约束机制并未发挥有效作用。进一步研究发现,财政部和中注协责令整改要求、行业内通报批评的管制措施并未显著加强审计师执业质量,但"多头监管"显著加强了证监会行政处罚对问题审计师的管制效果。本文研究结论对于进一步改善我国审计市场外部风险约束环境,从而提高审计市场效率具有借鉴和参考意义。  相似文献   

7.
1.我国注册会计师管制模式。我国所实行的注册会计师模式是典型的政府管制模式,这表现在以下两个方面:(1)通过法律确定注册会计师行业的法律地位。(2)政府机构对注册会计师行业实行完全控制和监督。尽管我国实行的是政府管制模式,但与法、德等国家的政府管制仍存在很大的差别,在效率上低于西方发达国家的政府管制,这  相似文献   

8.
股权分置、政府管制和中国IPO抑价   总被引:70,自引:2,他引:70  
本文报告了中国市场异常高的IPO抑价。我们发现,经典文献关于IPO抑价的种种动机的假说在中国缺乏立论基础。中国市场“股权分置”和“政府管制”的制度安排是导致极高的IPO抑价的根本原因。“股权分置”扭曲了正常的市场利益机制,异化了IPO参与各方的行为方式,割裂了一、二级市场的套利行为。“政府管制”产生的寻租行为增加了一级市场投资者的成本,因此产生更高的IPO抑价。本文研究证实了,如果不解决影响市场正常运转的“股权分置”和过度“政府管制”问题,任何局部的、技术的IPO变革措施都不可能平抑一、二级市场的异常价差。  相似文献   

9.
本文用2009-2013年A股上市的887只股票,研究了承销商声誉、需求、政府管制和其他发行特征等因素对IPO抑价的影响,发现需求对IPO抑价的影响最大,需求越大,IPO抑价率也越高,承销商声誉几乎不显著,政府管制显著,且有正向的影响.其他的发行特征表明:发行价格越低,IPO抑价率越高,承销商选择认购也会提升IPO抑价率.  相似文献   

10.
在大部门体制改革中,我国自然垄断产业管制机构改革得到了推动,为理顺自然垄断产业的政府管制奠定了基础。但为适应市场经济体制的发展,更好地满足公众对自然垄断产品或服务的需求,自然垄断产业的管制机构改革还需要深化,下一步改革的重点应是:继续推进管制机构的独立性,明确管制机构的职能设置及强化法律基础,健全管制的公众参与及问责机制。  相似文献   

11.
In China’s transitional economy, government regulation could be a substitute for the lack of law mechanism and regulator’s power could spill over into other areas not regulated. Then, theoretically it could construct implicit contracts. For example, China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has the rights to choose initial public offering(IPO) firms among applicants. It might construct implicit contracts between CSRC and local governments if the former consider the frequency and the severity of the scandals among different areas. Local governments could make decisions on whether and how much to implement the implicit contracts. __________ Translated from Jingji yanjiu 经济研究 (Economic Research Journal), 2008, (3): 60–72  相似文献   

12.
本文从契约角度分析分税制的性质,并用统一的框架解释了分税制的正反两方面作用。研究认为:中国的分税制本质上是一个弹性的分成合同系统。它是中央政府与地方政府关于剩余分配的各种子契约的组合。这些子契约可归为四种基本形式--工资合同、定额合同、分税合同和分成合同,并且它们之间具有很强的互补性,由此构成了一个富有弹性的分成合同系统。在信息不对称的条件下,这个激励系统能够激励地方政府发展经济,但是易扭曲地方政府行为,促使经济重复建设和粗放型增长模式的形成。  相似文献   

13.
A wide range of policy instruments have been devised and applied to support the goals of sustainable forestry management. Community forestry programs can contain elements of several of those instruments. This paper considers the design of community forestry contracts in the Sumber Jaya area of Indonesia where community forestry contracts are agreements between the Forestry Department and community groups that provide group members with time-bound leasehold rights to protection forests, on the condition that farmers abide by specified land-use restrictions and pay any required fees. Farmers perceive that the contracts represent a bundle of restrictions and inducements, some of which are explicitly stated in the contract and others that are implied by the contract. Conjoint analysis was used to quantify farmers' tradeoffs among the explicit and implicit attributes of the contracts. The results of logit and ordered logit models show that farmers are most concerned about the length of the contract, and relatively unconcerned about requirements on tree density and species composition. An implicit attribute, greater access to forestry and agroforestry extension, emerges as an important implicit attribute. The results imply that farmers in this part of Indonesia would be willing to abide by fairly strict limitations on land use, provided that they can be assured of long-term rights to the planted trees.  相似文献   

14.
《Economics Letters》2007,95(1):25-31
We provide an example whereby the existence of optimal time-consistent implicit contracts between the young parent and the yet-to-be-born child could nullify the long-run effects of income taxes on human-capital investment and growth. Implications for the Ricardian equivalence theorem are also discussed.  相似文献   

15.
THE SPOT MARKET MATTERS: EVIDENCE ON IMPLICIT CONTRACTS FROM BRITAIN   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
Based on the methodology of Beaudry and DiNardo (1991) , this paper investigates the relative importance of the spot market and implicit contracts in the determination of British real wages. Empirical work is carried out separately for males and females with individual-level data taken from the New Earnings Survey Panel for the years 1976–2001. In contrast to previous studies that used North American data, the spot market is found to be more important than implicit contracts in determining real wages, although we do find some support for contracting effects. Further evidence is provided through the analysis of individual wage sequences. These suggest that the downwardly rigid wage sequences implied by implicit contracts with costless worker mobility are not prevalent in Britain.  相似文献   

16.
When imports surge, governments often must seek simultaneously to satisfy protectionist pressures through increased tariffs, induce adjustment to foreign competition, and minimize consumer costs of protection. The WTO's safeguard clause can be viewed as an attempt to resolve these potentially conflicting goals since it allows governments to offer an implicit contract to protected industries to induce adjustment. In this paper, we show that with asymmetric information about costs, protected industries behave strategically which leads to under-adjustment. The safeguard clause therefore cannot optimally resolve the conflict among domestic political objectives.  相似文献   

17.
Treaty organizations are formed via voluntary contracts among national governments that address policy issues of mutual concern. As such, treaty organizations provide evidence about the kinds of institutions that might be adopted via social contract. This paper develops a theory of the design of treaty organizations and examines the domains of authority and decision-making procedures of 22 treaty organizations to determine if any general traits are in evidence. It turns out that most treaty organizations rely upon unanimity or supermajorities for their major decisions and usually have quite narrow (bounded) policy domains.  相似文献   

18.
Experimental evidence has accumulated highlighting the limitations of formal and explicit contracts in certain situations, and has identified environments in which informal and implicit contracts are more efficient. This paper documents the superior performance of explicit over implicit contracts in a new partnership environment in which both contracting parties must incur effort to generate a joint surplus, and one (“strong”) agent controls the surplus division. In the treatment in which the strong agent makes a non-binding, cheap talk “bonus” offer to the weak agent, this unenforceable promise doubles the rate of joint high effort compared to a baseline with no promise. The strong agents most frequently offered to split the gains of the high effort equally, but actually delivered this amount only about one-quarter of the time. An explicit and enforceable contract offer performs substantially better, increasing the frequency of the most efficient outcome by over 200% relative to the baseline.  相似文献   

19.
新经济中的虚拟一体化组织   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
虚拟一体化是现代企业有效利用社会资源的一种常用组织形式。它不仅增强了企业的柔性和敏捷性,降低了交易成本和管理成本,而且其协调机制---隐性契约在克服因企业追求降低生产成本而提高资产专用性所引起的垄断租金和专用性准租金方面比纵向一体化和明示契约都具有优势。  相似文献   

20.
BOT projects: Incentives and efficiency   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In recent years, governments have been increasingly adopting Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contracts for large infrastructure projects. However, BOT contracts have received little attention from economists. The apparent agency problem in BOT projects has never been analyzed. In this paper, we develop a model to examine the incentives, efficiency and regulation in BOT contracts. We show that a BOT contract with a price regulation during the concession period and a license extension after the concession period is capable of achieving full efficiency. Both license extension and price control are observed in many real-world BOT projects. We also investigate the efficiency in such contracts by considering other factors, including time consistency, price ceiling, foreign ownership, and the lack of price regulation.  相似文献   

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