农村教育对农民增收的影响机理研究

本文在对国内外文献分析的基础上,对农村教育对农民收入各方面的影响机理进行了分析,得出农村教育通过两个步骤来影响农民收入,第一步通过农村教育来提高劳动者素质,第二步通过劳动者素质的提高来增加农业收入与非农业收入.为以后进一步研究农民增收途径奠定了基础.     

农民收入持续增长问题及对策

我国作为一个农业人口占总人口75％的农业大国,农村、农业、农民问题,一直是党和国家给予高度重视并千方百计努力搞好的问题。“三农问题”,归根结底是农民收入问题。解决“三农问题”就是要从全局的高度,充分认识农民增收的重要性和紧迫性。尤其是农民收入持续增长问题不仅直接关系着我国农民生活水平的提高与生活质量的改善,农村小康的全面建设与农业现代化的尽早实现。而且也密切关系着整个国家与社会的长期稳定与发展。本文就当前农民收入持续增长存在的问题及对策进行了探讨,以此着力促进农民增收,保持农民收入持续较快增长。     

“一村一品”示范政策促进了农民增收吗?——基于多时点DID的实证检验

“一村一品”示范政策已成为地方政府推进产业发展和共同富裕的重要抓手。“一村一品”能有效带动所在村镇农民收入增长,但是否对周边农民增收具有溢出效应尚未明确。本文基于2009-2020年广东省县级面板数据,视全国“一村一品”示范村镇认定为一项“准自然实验”,运用多时点DID模型评估“一村一品”政策对县域农民的增收效应。研究发现：总体来看,“一村一品”认定对县域农民增收的溢出效应不显著,但对农业大县和非农业大县农民收入具有异质性影响,对农业大县农民收入具有显著的提升作用,且增收效应存在一定长期性,对非农业大县农民收入没有显著影响。机制检验表明,“一村一品”认定能显著促进县域农业发展,但未能有效带动农民增收;从农业大县样本看,“一村一品”能通过推进县域农业产业规模扩张和质量提升促进农民增收。建议认真总结“一村一品”示范政策带动周边农户增收的一般规律和典型案例,不断扩大政策影响范围,积极探索该政策通过农业发展带动农民增收的多维路径。     

促进农村经济与农民增收的途径与对策研究——以通江县为例

"三农"问题一直是我国经济发展和实现全面小康目标的关键.三农问题关乎农村经济的发展,而三农问题的核心是农民问题,具体表现为农民增收问题,如何促进农民收入持续稳定的增长是解决三农问题的关键.但目前我国农村经济的发展与农民收入增长仍然存在许多问题.本文以通江县为例,结合通江县地方实际情况,通过对影响通江县经济与农民增收问题的各种因素等的分析,对如何促进通江县经济与农民增收进行研究.     

调整农业经济结构 增加农民收入

推进农业和农村经济结构调整,是我国现阶段保持农民收入持续稳定增长的基本途径。农民收入问题关系到农村经济的发展。因此,要增加农民收入,就需要从农村的长远发展来考虑,增加农民收入既要注重从目前出发采取切实有效的途径;又要从长远考虑根本改善农民增收的环境。     

山西省农民收入来源与结构分析

农民收入问题不仅关系到我国农业生产和农村经济发展是否顺利,而且是关系到整个国民经济发展的重要问题。改革开放以来,山西省农民收入水平有了很大提高,而且收入来源与结构也发生了根本性变化。文章通过对当前山西省农民的收入现状、收入来源与结构等方面进行分析,进而对提高山西省农民收入提出了一些建议。     

进一步拓宽山西农民增收渠道的若干建议

近年来,受国际金融危机的冲击、国内经济发展周期的影响,山西省农业发展与农民增收难度加大。文章主要从四个方面提出进一步拓宽山西省农民增收的建议,即积极主动增加农村人力资本投入,培育新型职业农民;加快品牌兴农战略建设,培育和打造山西省特色农产品名牌;积极引导和扶持山西省农民走农业产业化道路;尽快推广有机农业,发展有机农产品,有效提升其附加值等途径;保护农民的生产积极性,稳定山西省农业发展,促进山西省农民收入稳步增长。     

论增加农民的收入

农民持续增收是实现好、维护好、发展好广大农民根本利益的需要。必须把促进农民增收作为农业和农村工作的中心任务,挖掘农业内部增收潜力,广辟农村富余劳动力转移就业的途径,形成农民增收的长效机制。完善对农业和农民的直接补贴政策,加强国家对农业和农民的支持保护体系。     

从农民收入来源构成看农民增收

如何实现农民增收,是“三农”问题重中之重。本文通过分析当前我国农民收入的现状,试图从改革开放以来农民收入来源变化与构成特点入手,寻求增加农民收入的有效途径:保证农村经济持续稳定增长,从农业增效中增加农民收入;拓宽农民增收渠道,转移农村剩余劳动力;加强财政支持政策体系建设;重视制度创新和组织创新。     

菏泽市增加农民收入问题研究

农民增收问题是三农问题的核心,是全面建设小康社会的关键。菏泽市农民收入增长缓慢问题越来越突出,增加农民收入已成为当前农村经济工作的关键环节。根据菏泽市的实际情况,针对增加农民收入面临的诸多制约因素,必须深化农村各项改革,推进农业结构战略性调整,提高农业产业化水平和社会化服务水平,加强农村基础设施建设,加快培育农产品流通市场和农业生产要素市场,发展乡镇企业和个体私营经济,转移农村剩余劳动力,积极扶持贫困村发展经济,全面提高农民素质,积极推进新农村建设。     

Income Mobility and Income Inequality in Rural China

The economic literature has argued for a long time that income mobility could attenuate the degree of cross-sectional inequality by offering people opportunities to improve their socio-economic position. Using the longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1989 to 2011, we measure income mobility as the degree to which longer-term incomes are distributed more or less equally than yearly income. Five main results are emphasized. First, there is strong income mobility in rural China that partly offsets yearly income inequality. Second, income mobility has decreased since the 2000s, indicating that income distribution is becoming more rigid. Third, mobility is mainly associated with transitory income fluctuations, particularly in the two tails of the distribution. Fourth, income mobility has an equalizing effect on income distribution. Fifth, we show that non-agricultural income mobility has substantially increased over the period and that its equalizing nature has also recently increased. While the development of the non-agriculture sector in rural China was a crucial factor in explaining the increase in rural inequality until the mid-2000s, we suggest that the large-scale generalisation of such non-agricultural opportunities partly accounts for the decline in rural inequality observed since the mid-2000s.     

Sectoral Income

What is the income of each sector of an economy? E.g., in the case of a country endowed with petroleum resources, what is the income of its petroleum sector? Here we present a definition of sectoral income, which is compatible with an important line of theoretical literature on comprehensive national accounting. We do so first by splitting national income into individual income and then defining sectoral income by considering the contributions to individual income that the sectors give rise to.     

收入、收入类别与环境库兹涅茨曲线

利用2000-2009年我国省际面板数据,对人均收入、收入类别与六种污染指标之间的关系进行了实证检验.结果表明:环境库兹涅茨倒U型关系取决于污染指标的选择,在样本期内,部分污染指标呈现出倒U型EKC关系;在倒U型曲线的转折点处,城镇人均可支配收入的临界水平高于农村人均纯收入的临界水平.     

International Trade as Determined by Income and Income Distribution

Abstract

In standard trade theory, consumption is normally assumed to be homothetic. Consequently, income and its distribution have no role in determining international trade patterns. This paper examines the assumption and its implications. The assumption of homothetic preferences is rejected at the 1% level. It further demonstrates that the Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek (HOV) model modified by allowing for non-homothetic taste improves the performance of HOV prediction and explains some of the trade puzzles and paradoxes.     

浅析农民收入结构与农民增收

文章择取国家统计局公布的统计数据样本,对我国农村居民的收入从来源的权重结构方面进行了实证研究。通过研究发现:在农民纯收入结构中,工资性收入和家庭经营收入权重,一方面单项波动幅度大且相互挤兑;另一方面双项加总后又长期占有多数份额且比较稳定。据此,本文简单分析了其成因并从中得出了增加农民收入的两个重要启示:第一,重点抓好工资性收入和家庭经营收入增收;第二,调整国家财政对农民转移支付的方式和方向。     

个税改革、收入不平等与社会福利

2005年以来,历次中国个税改革均以提高免征额和调整税率表为主要内容,上述改革措施的分配效应一直存在争议.文章通过建立一个能体现个税累进性与税负归宿的新凯恩斯动态随机一般均衡模型,分解并模拟了提高免征额和增加税率累进幅度所导致的分配效应.结果表明:(1)提高免征额扩大了税前收入不平等的波动,恶化了宽松货币政策等外生冲击下的初次分配.此外,免征额的提高削弱了累进税率对收入初次分配的调节能力.(2)在就业扩张过程中,提高免征额所带来的税负归宿变化改善了税后收入不平等,而且在免征额提升后,税率累进幅度的提高能进一步改善收入再分配.当然,个税改革的初次分配效应和再分配效应均具有状态依存特征,在就业与劳动收入下降时会带来相反的分配效应.(3)提高免征额会导致更大的福利损失,并削弱累进税率对福利损失的抑制作用.     

The Effects of Relative Income and Absolute Income on Happiness

The authors consider the absolute income effect and several relative income effects on happiness. The latter include both a longitudinal comparison, which consists of both upward and downward comparisons, and a parallel comparison with individuals of similar traits. It is found that the longitudinal comparison and parallel comparison exist simultaneously, although the downward comparison is insignificant. However, the symmetry of the upward comparison, downward comparison, and parallel comparison cannot be rejected. Because the absolute income effect and the relative income effects countervail, the effect of income growth on subjective well-being is likely to be negligible.     

含有负所得税的最优所得税再研究

文章在借鉴已有最优线性和非线性所得税研究成果基础上,结合中国国情提出含有负所得税的最优非线性所得税模型(有缓冲地带),即修正的Mirrlees税收函数,进而得出一些与以往研究不同的结论,从而进一步发展和充实了最优所得税理论。这对于在目前我国日益扩大的收入分配差距尚未根本性扭转的背景下重新审视我国现有的税收政策,通过实施负所得税制度重构收入分配政策具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Averaging Income Distributions

Various inequality and social welfare measures often depend heavily on the choice of a distribution of income. Picking a distribution that best fits the data involves throwing away information and does not allow for the fact that a wrong choice can be made. Instead, Bayesian model averaging utilizes a weighted average of the results from a number of income distributions, with each weight given by the probability that a distribution is ‘correct’. In this study, prior densities are placed on mean income, the mode of income and the Gini coefficient for Australian income units with one parent (1997–8). Then, using grouped sample data on incomes, posterior densities for the mean and mode of income and the Gini coefficient are derived for a variety of income distributions. The model‐averaged results from these income distributions are obtained.