基于鱼骨图和AHP的研究生知识产权素养问题诊断

针对高校研究生知识产权素养偏低的问题,首先用鱼骨图法对影响知识产权素养培养的社会因素、高校因素、个体因素进行梳理;然后将鱼骨图转换成层次结构模型,构造判断矩阵;最后计算各个因素相对于目标问题的重要性权重,通过总排序找出关键影响因素,并为有效提升研究生知识产权素养提出建设性意见。     

默会知识视角下会计研究生科研创新能力培养存在问题及策略研究

研究生教育是高层次教育,研究生科研创新能力在教育中占重要地位。波兰尼的默会理论为当前研究生创新能力培养带来诸多启示,从默会知识的视角下培养会计研究生的科研创新能力是研究生教育的一大新突破。对默会知识理论进行了简要的概述,指出了默会知识视角下会计研究生科研创新能力培养存在的问题,针对这些问题提出相应的培养策略。     

跨学科(专业)生源的经管类硕士研究生培养模式探索——以广东外语外贸大学为例

跨学科(专业)生源研究生与本专业生源研究生在知识结构、能力特点、逻辑思维等方面有很大不同。文章以广东外语外贸大学经济贸易学院、会计学院、商学院跨学科(专业)生源的硕士研究生(学术型)为例,在分析目前招生和培养中存在的主要问题的基础上,通过借鉴发达国家相关培养模式和经验,从七个方面提出了建立有我国(校)特色的跨学科(专业)生源硕士研究生(学术型)培养模式的具体建议。     

地方农业院校全日制硕士研究生分类培养模式的探索与实践

全日制专业学位硕士研究生教育正处于起步阶段,还未能形成独立于学术型研究生培养以外的完备的专业学位培养体系。文章从课程体系、管理模式、适应职业资格认证、形成专业型师资队伍以及创新实践能力培养基地等方面探索地方农业院校全日制硕士研究生分类培养的创新模式。     

硕士研究生培养现状的实证分析——基于新疆农业大学330名硕士生的调查

硕士研究生教育从一定层面上可反映一个学校人才培养的水平,对提高高校竞争力、培养创新型人才、提升学术影响力具有重要意义.本文通过对新疆农业大学330名应届毕业硕士研究生的问卷调查,描述了硕士生培养在入学动机及其主观能动性、基本的生活支出状况、发表学术论文、毕业后的去向等几方面的情况,分析其中存在的问题,并提出改革研究生培养机制、健全对导师的监督管理评价体系、强化实践育人等建议.     

家长式导师风格对研究生科研创造力的影响机制研究——学术激情与科研自我效能感的作用

明晰导师风格和研究生科研创造力的关系对提高研究生培养质量、完善培养机制具有重要意义.以社会交换理论、自我决定理论及社会认知理论为基础,构建了以家长式导师风格为自变量,学术激情为中介变量,研究生科研创造力为因变量,研究生科研自我效能感为调节变量的研究模型.通过对问卷调查数据进行回归分析和Bootstrap检验对研究模型进行了检验.结果表明:家长式导师风格的3个维度(仁慈导师风格、威权导师风格、德行导师风格)正向显著影响了研究生科研创造力和学术激情,学术激情的两个维度正向显著影响了研究生科研创造力;学术激情在家长式导师风格对研究生科研创造力的影响机制中有中介作用,其中强迫学术激情完全中介了威权导师风格的正向影响作用;研究生科研自我效能感对学术激情的中介作用有显著的强化作用.在研究生培养过程中塑造家长式的导师风格对提高研究生科研创造力具有积极的意义.     

河北省省属骨干大学经管类学术型硕士研究生生源质量评价研究

硕士研究生教育质量问题研究已经成为中国高等教育大众化发展阶段的重要课题之一,其中,硕士研究生的生源质量问题是研究生的教育质量问题的一个重要组成部分。以河北省省属骨干高校的研究生生源信息为研究依据,建立学术型研究生生源质量评价体系,其中包括成绩指标、结构指标、整体指标和综合素质四个方面。通过专家打分获得相应权重,利用所建立的体系和权重,对2007—2009年河北省省属骨干大学经管类学术型硕士研究生生源质量进行了综合评价。     

导师制下的导师与研究生关系剖析

当前我国研究生教育实施的是导师个人负责和导师集体培养的模式，研究生的各种学习研究活动基本上是以导师为中心展开的。导师与研究生之间的关系是研究生教育活动中最基本、最重要的人际关系。文章从当前高校研究生教育中导师与研究生关系的现状出发，对导师制下的导师与研究生关系的内涵、类型、存在问题、影响因素及如何改善师生关系，提高研究生培养质量进行了初步探讨。     

高校研究生培养绩效评价研究

我国从20世纪末开启了高校教育大众化的进程,研究生教育作为高等教育的最高层次得到了社会各界的高度重视与大力扶持,大幅增加的研究生规模在符合我国经济、社会发展和国民需求的同时,也引发了研究生教育投入不足、资源配置低效和培养质量下滑等问题。本文将以"绩效评价"为切入点,在清晰阐述研究生培养绩效评价的内涵的基础上,构建研究生培养绩效评价的支撑理论和指标体系,为提升高校研究生培养质量提供改革思路。     

教育综合改革视角下专业学位研究生培养探索——以MPAcc为例

文章以MPAcc为例，阐述了我国专业学位研究生教育现状，对其近十年的报考规模、办学质量以及发展方向加以分析，总结了专业学位研究生在培养过程中存在的问题，并对专业学位研究生培养体系的改革给出意见建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

Types of technology

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical framework within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.