言息与计算科学专业毕业实践环节探究

分析了信息与计算科学专业毕业实践环节存在的一些共性问题，结合我校信息与计算科学专业建设的实际，从强化思想认识、加强管理和实验室建设、拓宽实习渠道以及抓好毕业设计等方面，阐述了加强毕业实践环节的一些做法和成果。如何克服毕业实践环节存在的诸多弊端，培养学生动手能力、综合应用能力和独立操作能力。是摆在我们面前的重要问题。     

国际经济与贸易专业实践教学探析

国际经济与贸易专业是实践性、应用性、综合性很强的专业。如何加强国际经济与贸易专业实践教学,提高学生实践能力是许多院校面临的共同课题。在对国际经济与贸易专业实践教学现状进行分析的基础上,发现国际经济与贸易专业实践教学中存在实践教学内容设置不够合理、实践教学与现实脱节以及实践教学师资队伍建设滞后等问题。因而需要加强和优化实践教学环节、积极培养实践教学师资队伍,强化校外实践教学基地建设,提高学生实践能力等,从而进一步提高实践教学的效果。     

农业高校农林经济管理专业本科实践教学的探讨

当前,农业高校农林经济管理专业实践教学存在诸多问题,如实践教学环节薄弱、学生动手能力亟待加强、实验室和校外实习基地建设落后、实践教学与第二课堂活动相脱节等。加强农业高校农林经济管理专业实践教学,重点应放在优化人才培养目标和实践教学体系,为实践教学提供制度保障;加强实验室和校外实习基地建设,为实践教学提供根本支撑;强化实践教学与第二课堂活动的紧密联系,为实践教学提供有效的载体。     

电子商务专业学生的实践应用能力培养研究

电子商务的快速发展对电子商务应用型人才的需求变得十分迫切,但是电子商务专业学生的实践应用能力培养的效果并不理想。电子商务专业在教学质量、教学内容、教学方法及手段方面存在问题,实践教学的教学效果有待改善。加强学生实践应用能力培养的措施体现在改革实践教学环节、加强案例教学、深化校企合作、建立实践教学队伍、完善＂电子商务综合实验室＂建设和建设电子商务专业网络学习平台等方面。     

浅议高职高专院校中新闻专业实习实训的重要性

高职高专院校一些专业性明显、实践性突出、技能要求较高的专业的建设，要注重教学实践环节的建设发展，以确保毕业学生在选择就业和就业后面向社会时掌握一定的实际工作能力，从而第一时间投入社会工作，并最大能量的服务社会。     

构建自动化专业应用类课程教学模式研究与探讨

文章构建了自动化专业应用类课程教学模式,通过正确处理传授知识、培养能力、提高素质三者的关系,整合课程设计、课程实验、专业实习、工程实践、毕业实习、毕业设计、社会实践等环节,合理安排各实践环节,形成系统化的课程教学体系,培养学生实践动手能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

劳动与社会保障专业创新型人才培养模式初探

目前,劳动与社会保障专业人才培养模式在教学内容、课程设置、教学方法等方面存在问题。要培养创新型人才,必须密切关注市场需求,按照知识经济发展趋势和劳动与社会保障专业教育的发展规律,从构建能力主导型的课程体系,提倡参与式教学,加强劳动社会保障专业实践教学环节及专业师资队伍建设等方面进行改革与创新。     

可雇佣性导向的大学实践教学环节整合方式探讨

从大学工科角度阐述了可雇佣性的概念及内涵,工科专业的实践能力锻炼教学环节与专业毕业生可雇佣能力有着必然联系。以提高学生的可雇佣性为导向,分析了现今大学课程设计过程中存在的诸多问题、找出主观和客观的原因,通过课程设计与毕业设的计整合统一来提高课程设计的重要性,强化课程设计的实施效果,从而提高学生的实践设计的能力、提高学生的就业能力。     

创新高职院校校内外实践基地建设探究

高等职业教育要培养理论和实践相结合的专业高素质人才,就应当创新和完善校内外实践基地建设,校内实践基地的建设要体现现代的教学理念,适应专业培养目标和要求;校外实践基地建设要有利于提高学生亲自操作能力,有利于提高学生的科学创新精神和实际应用能力.创新校内实验、校外实训,改进实践环节,时研究与探索高职学校实践基地建设具有重要的理论意义.     

社会工作专业实习改革初探——以包头师范学院社会工作专业为例

社会工作专业在中国仍处于发展的初期,社会工作专业建设刚刚起步,还未充分展开,在学科定位、学科规范化方面,尤其是实践性教学的开展等方面还存在一系列亟待解决的问题。包头师范学院政治与法律学院开设社会工作专业过程中,实践教学存在着一些问题,为解决这些问题,我们从实习教学环节、实习督导环节等对社会工作专业的实践教学改革进行了探索研究。     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

The greenhouse effect: Damages,costs and abatement

The buildup of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — CO₂ in particular-appears to be having an adverse impact on the global climate. This paper briefly reviews current expectations with regard to physical and biological effects, their potential costs to society, and likely costs of abatement. For a worst case scenario it is impossible to assess, in economic terms, the full range of possible non-linear synergistic effects. In the most favorable (although not necessarily likely) case (of slow-paced climate change), however, it seems likely that the impacts are within the affordable range, at least in the industrialized countries of the world. In the third world the notion of affordability is of doubtful relevance, making the problem of quantitative evaluation almost impossible. We tentatively assess the lower limit of quantifiable climate-induced damages at $30 to $35 per ton of CO₂ equivalent, worldwide, with the major damages being concentrated in regions most adversely affected by sea-level rise. The non-quantifiable environmental damages are also significant and should by no means be disregarded.The costs and benefits of (1) reducing CFC use and (2) reducing fossil fuel consumption, as a means of abatement, are considered in some detail. This strategy has remarkably high indirect benefits in terms of reduced air pollution damage and even direct cost savings to consumers. The indirect benefits of reduced air pollution and its associated health and environmental effects from fossil-fuel combustion in the industrialized countries range from $20 to $60 per ton of CO₂ eliminated. In addition, there is good evidence that modest (e.g. 25%) reductions in CO₂ emissions may be achievable by the U.S. (and, by implication, for other countries) by a combination of increased energy efficiency and restructuring that would permit simultaneous direct economic benefits (savings) to energy consumers of the order of $50 per ton of CO₂ saved. A higher level of overall emissions reduction — possibly approaching 50% — could probably be achieved, at little or not net cost, by taking advantage of these savings.We suggest the use of taxes on fossil fuel extraction (or a carbon tax) as a reasonable way of inducing the structural changes that would be required to achieve significant reduction in energy use and CO₂ emissions. To minimize the economic burden (and create a political constituency in support of the approach) we suggest the substitution of resource-based taxes in general for other types of taxes (on labor, income, real estate, or trade) that are now the main sources of government revenue. While it is conceded that it would be difficult to calculate the optimal tax on extractive resources, we do not think this is a necessary prerequisite to policy-making. In fact, we note that the existing tax system has never been optimized according to theoretical principles, and is far from optimal by any reasonable criteria.During the academic year 1989–90 Dr. Ayres was at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.During the summer of 1989 Mr. Walter was a member of the Young Scientists' Summer Program at IIASA.     

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY: TRACING THE FLOW OF BASIC RESEARCH THROUGH MANUFACTURING AND TRADE

This paper describes flows of basic research through the US economy during the late 20th century. In addition, the paper studies the effect of the flows on scientific papers in industries and fields. This article differs from others in its use of measures of science rather than technology. Together, its results present a picture of the structure of basic research flows in a modern, science-intensive economy. Basic research flows are large within petrochemicals and drugs, and within software and communications. Flows of chemistry, physics, and engineering are common throughout all industries – biology and medicine are almost confined to petrochemicals and drugs; and computer science is nearly as restricted to software and communications. In general, basic research flows are more concentrated within scientific fields than within industries. Our findings concerning the production of scientific papers indicate that the effect of a 1% change in academic R&D spillovers significantly exceeds that of industrial spillovers. In addition, within-field effects exceed effects between-fields, while within- and between-industry effects are roughly equal. It follows that scientific fields limit basic research flows more than industries do, perhaps because large firms implicitly span a range of industries.     

Valuing Mangrove-Fishery Linkages – A Case Study of Campeche, Mexico

This paper explores the value of mangrove systems as a breeding and nursery habitat for off-shore fisheries, focusing on mangrove-shrimp production linkages in Campeche State, Mexico. We develop an open access fishery model to account explicitly for the effect of mangrove area on carrying capacity and thus production. From the long-run equilibrium conditions of the model we are able to establish the key parameters determining the comparative static effects of a change in mangrove area on this equilibrium. We then estimate empirically the effects of changes in mangrove area in the Laguna de Terminos on the production and value of shrimp harvests in Campeche over 1980–90. Our findings suggest that mangroves are an important and essential input into the Campeche shrimp fishery, but that the low levels of deforestation between 1980 and 1990 mean that the resulting losses to the shrimp fishery are still comparatively small. Over-exploitation of the fishery due to open access conditions remains the more pervasive threat, and without better management any long-run benefits of protecting mangrove habitat are likely to be dissipated.     

新员工主动社会化行为与组织承诺关系研究——以社会资本为中介变量

为了探索新员工主动社会化行为影响组织承诺的过程,本文对来自企业的401个有效样本进行了实证分析。本研究运用层级回归的方法,控制了人口统计变量的影响后,发现员工的搜寻信息和搜寻绩效反馈行为对组织承诺有直接的正面影响,同时,通过员工社会资本对员工组织承诺产生了间接的正面影响。社会资本在员工搜寻信息和搜寻绩效反馈行为影响组织承诺的机制中起部分中介作用。员工的关系构建行为对组织承诺没有显著影响,但对员工社会资本存在显著的正面影响。     

An Economic Analysis and Simulation of Woodfuel Management in the Sahel

This paper presents an economic framework and a computationalmethodology for assessing the evolution of woodfuel supply costsand the spatial distribution of biomass in a Sahelian woodlandsetting. Spatial data on standing stock and the costs oftransport to market are used to construct a supply curve for fuelto a fuel-consuming location. Given an exogenously specifieddemand, the model simulates, period by period, the extraction,regeneration, and transport of wood fuels. The model is appliedto evaluate the benefits and ecological impacts of scenarios forwoodland management around the city of N'Djamena, Chad.     

Evidence on the impact of R&D and ICT investments on innovation and productivity in Italian firms

Both research and development (R&D) and information and communication technology (ICT) investment have been identified as sources of relative innovation underperformance in Europe vis-à-vis the USA. In this article, we investigate the R&D and ICT investment at the firm level in an effort to assess their relative importance and to what extent they are complements or substitutes. We use data on a large unbalanced panel data sample of Italian manufacturing firms constructed from four consecutive waves of a survey of manufacturing firms, to estimate a version of the CDM model of R&D, innovation, and productivity [Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse 1998. Research, innovation and productivity: An econometric analysis at the firm level. Economics of Innovation and New Technology 7, no. 2: 115–58] that has been modified to include ICT investment and R&D as the two main inputs into innovation and productivity. We find that R&D and ICT are both strongly associated with innovation and productivity, with R&D being more important for innovation, and ICT investment being more important for productivity. For the median firm, rates of return to both investments are so high that they suggest considerably underinvestment in both these activities. We explore the possible complementarity between R&D and ICT in innovation and production, but find none, although we do find complementarity between R&D and worker skill in innovation.     

Zvi Griliches's contributions to the economics of technology and growth*

Zvi Griliches's contributions to the economics of technology and growth are identified. Included is a discussion of his contributions on: the determinants of differences in speed of adoption of innovations; the use of patents to measure technology; the private and social returns to R&D; and spillover effects from R&D. Griliches's own evaluation of his research contribution is compared to the evaluation of others in the field, using as evidence citation counts of his works collected from the online Web of Science. Griliches's most important contribution is his 1957 Econometrica hybrid corn paper that is a foundation of the economics of technological innovation. Remarkably, the trend in annual citations to the paper has continued to increase for over 40 years. Finally, we summarize Griliches's most recent views on the practice of economics and on the most important unanswered questions in the economics of technology and growth.