企业资源配置战略与盈余价值相关性*

本文基于资源配置战略视角，以我国2007—2016年非金融类A股上市公司为样本，实证探究不同资源配置战略下的盈余价值相关性差异。研究发现：从整体看，经营主导型公司的净利润较投资主导型公司更具有价值相关性；从构成看，核心利润的价值相关性在经营主导型公司中更强、投资收益的价值相关性在投资主导型公司中更强。综上表明，资源配置战略是影响公司盈余价值相关性的重要因素。本文丰富和扩展了有关盈余价值相关性的研究，为投资者解读公司的盈余信息提供了一种新视角，对投资决策具有一定的借鉴意义。     

资产减值会计信息价值相关性:整体分析

本文利用2001～2006年度的上市公司数据,以价值相关性作为判断资产减值会计信息质量的标准。通过实证分析显示,资产减值会计信息更多体现为损益表项目而非资产负债表项目。这表明,资产减值没有反映资产价值的真实减少,而沦为管理层操纵盈余的工具。本文还以深交所信息披露评级作为判断信息披露质量的标准,实证结果显示,信息披露评级的高低没有影响资产减值会计信息的价值相关性。     

双重财务报告模式下会计盈余的价值相关性--基于AB股公司的实证研究及其政策建议

在A股和B股市场上的投资者结构趋同以及会计改革进展迅速的情况下,文章研究了AB股公司披露的PRC GAAP和IAS会计盈余的价值相关性,希望为我国会计准则的国际化提供参考。文章发现PRC GAAP和IAS会计盈余的价值相关性差异并不明显,IAS的营业利润能够为PRC GAAP提供增量的价值相关性,而PRC GAAP的非持续性利润能够为IAS提供增量的价值相关性。     

Value Relevance of Earnings in an Emerging Capital Market: the Case of A-shares in China

This study investigates the value relevance of earnings in the emerging capital market of China by examining the information content of accounting earnings measured under the People's Republic of China Accounting Standards (PRC-GAAP). Based on the A-shares of listed Chinese firms during 1994–97, a significant association is observed between annual market-adjusted stock return and the change of earnings. Also documented is a significant price reaction to the annual earnings announcement in a three-day window centered around the announcement date. Overall, the empirical results suggest that earnings reported in China are value-relevant to A-share investors.     

The supply of and demand for accounting information

The article analyzes the use of accounting information in Russia. We assess reporting behaviour in the lending process for a sample of Russian companies in the years 1999–2004 and postulate that Russian companies manage their earnings in order to avoid showing losses when applying for bank financing. Once a credit has been granted, companies are predicted to manage earnings because of the bank's monitoring activities. By means of univariate and multivariate analysis we are able to attribute the discontinuity around a zero target in the earnings distribution with firms’ response to the banks’ assessment of accounting performance. This implies that financing considerations affect the reporting incentives of Russian companies.     

Market revaluations of foreign listings' reconciliations to U.S. financial reporting

The Securities and Exchange Commission requires foreign firms wishing to list their securities on the U.S. exchanges to convert their financial statements to U.S.-based generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in a reconciliation filing known as Form 20-F. This paper extends prior research analyzing the importance of the SEC requirement by examining the value relevance to U.S. capital markets of Form 20-F reconciliation information under two additional hypotheses: investors' anticipation of the reconciliation, and investors' perception of foreign countries' enforcement and reliability in applying local accounting rules. It is argued that the information content of the Form 20-F reconciliation data is preempted (at least partially) on the date of foreign earnings announcements because of investor anticipation of these reconciliations. Therefore, only significant unanticipated reconciliations exhibit value relevance on the date of filing. In addition, investor perception of the reliability of the reconciliations and the degree of confidence in foreign authorities enforcing local GAAP also affect the value relevance of the reconciliation data. This study hypothesizes that reconciliations made by firms from countries with mature and developed capital markets should be more value relevant to U.S. investors. The results show that both unexpected foreign earnings and anticipated reconciliations to U.S. GAAP are significantly associated with unexpected market returns during the week of earnings announcements. The region of the foreign country is also significantly associated with market returns. However, unexpected reconciliations are not significantly associated with unexpected market returns during the week of Form 20-F filing.     

Market segmentation and information values of earnings announcements: Some empirical evidence from an event study on the Chinese stock market

This paper investigates the trading activities of two distinct classes of shareholders, namely, the Chinese domestic investors and the foreign investors in the segmented Chinese A- and B-share markets, respectively. We conduct an event study on the annual earnings announcements based on two different accounting standards: International accounting standards (IAS) and PRC generally accepted accounting principles (PRC GAAP). The earnings announcements based on IAS and PRC GAAP are value relevant. The investors in the B-share market react to both the IAS and PRC GAAP earnings announcements, while the investors in the A-share market pay more attention to the PRC GAAP earnings reports. In the B-share market, positive abnormal returns are associated with positive earnings surprise and negative abnormal returns go with negative earnings surprise. We find preevent abnormal trading volumes without significant price changes for the A shares, which may be due to existing information in the A-share market prior to earnings announcements. The postevent abnormal trading volumes last for a longer period in the A-share market than in the B-share market.     

货币政策不确定性对会计信息质量的影响研究*

本文探讨了货币政策不确定性对微观企业会计信息质量的影响。本文研究发现,货币政策不确定性能够促使企业提高会计信息质量,且该现象在盈利的公司中更为显著。进一步研究发现,高质量的会计信息能够缓解货币政策不确定性对上市公司信贷融资和投资效率的不利影响。本文的研究表明,加强货币政策的平稳性与一致性对于促进实体经济发展至关重要,同时,提高会计信息质量能够显著增强企业抵御货币政策不确定性带来的不良影响。     

DO STOCK MARKETS VALUE EFFICIENCY?

An empirical model determining the relationship between changes in firm-level productivity and changes in firm value is estimated using an unbalanced panel of 706 public limited companies observed over the period 1996–2002. We find a positive relationship between efficiency and the market value of manufacturing sector firms controlling for traditional accounting measures of performance such as earnings per share and the return on capital employed. This evidence is consistent with the stock market valuing the adoption of better management practices that lead to better resource utilisation. By contrast, we find no such evidence for service sector firms.     

公允价值计量能提高公司会计盈余信息的价值相关性吗——来自金融保险、建筑及房地产上市公司的证据

与国际财务报告准则趋同的新企业会计准则自2007年1月1日起开始在上市公司中全面实施,新准则的主要亮点之一就是引入了公允价值计量属性,以提高会计信息的决策相关性.本文以金融保险业和建筑及房地产业上市公司为研究样本,就公允价值计量属性对公司会计盈余信息的价值相关性的影响进行了实证检验,结果表明公允价值计量提高了金融保险行业会计盈余的价值相关性,但对建筑房地产公司盈余的影响不显著.此外,公允价值调整额与股票价格的价值相关性在上述两行业内均不显著.     

Analysts herding: when does sentiment matter?

Herding among analysts emerges when analysts give priority to their peers’ opinions instead of their own beliefs or information. Some circumstances may enhance or restrain this type of behaviour. We postulate that market sentiment is one of them. This article analyses the effect that investor sentiment may have on analysts’ herding behaviour in the U.K. Our results suggest that ‘easy situations’ such as analysing easy-to-value securities and releasing optimistic information at times of high market sentiment clearly reduce herding practices, whereas herding clearly increases in difficult situations when analysts have to release negative information at moments of high investor sentiment.     

会计信息可比性与上市公司业绩预告外溢效应

现有信息披露对资本市场影响的实证研究主要集中研究公司信息披露与自身股价之间的关系。本文对我国上市公司2007—2017年发布的业绩预告的信息外溢效应进行了检验,发现上市公司业绩预告对行业内其他公司的市场反应具有显著解释力,表明我国资本市场业绩预告存在信息外溢现象。并且,公司间会计信息可比性越高,外溢效应越显著,表明会计信息可比性促进了公司间的信息传递,对投资者股票交易具有决策参考意义。进一步检验发现,可比性对信息外溢效应的促进作用在市场竞争更激烈的公司中更为显著。此外,预告公司和非预告公司的信息环境对信息传递的影响有所差异。本文研究结论为我国资本市场外部性现象提供经验证据,对于信息披露质量要求以及披露监管政策研究具有启示意义。     

信息环境与公允价值的股价相关性——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

文章研究了不同信息环境下公允价值的股价相关性。公允价值的信息披露是否以及如何影响股票定价,一直是会计理论研究和会计准则制定研究的重要方面。2006年我国会计准则的改革为研究上述问题提供了重要的契机。根据中国上市公司按照新旧准则编制两份年报提供的数据,文章采用Ohlson模型分析了公允价值信息披露与股票定价之间的关系。结果表明,信息环境对公允价值在股票定价中的作用存在显著的影响,即公司与投资者之间的信息不对称程度越高,公允价值对股票定价的增量作用越显著。     

机构投资者持股和会计盈余质量

本文从会计盈余质量的角度来研究机构投资者(’在公司治理中的作用。我们从盈余管理程度、盈余信息含量和盈余稳健性等三个方面来衡量会计盈余的质量。三方面的研究结果显示,机构投资者持股有助于改善会计盈余的质量:机构投资者持股公司的会计盈余质量显著高于其他公司,并且会计盈余的质量随着机构投资者持股比例的增加而增加。进一步研究发现,机构投资者还能够缓解大股东对会计盈余信息含量的恶化,起到一定的制衡作用。本文的研究表明,机构投资者能够在一定程度上改善上市公司的盈余质量,其快速成长有助于公司治理结构的改善,也有助于资本市场信息披露环境的良性发展。     

Herding on lottery-type stocks: evidence from the Chinese stock market

Previous studies have provided evidence that investors have gambling propensity in the stock market and exhibit a preference for lottery-type stocks. In this study, we use high total skewness and high maximum daily return (MAX) to measure lottery-type stocks and examine whether investors do exhibit distinct herding pattern in these stock types. Empirical results show that investors display stronger herding among lottery-type stocks, thereby indicating that such stocks induce correlated behaviour with the investors. In addition, we find that stocks with the highest skewness exhibit stronger herding under upmarkets, whereas stocks with the lowest skewness display stronger herding under downmarkets. Regarding the highest MAX portfolio, no significant herding asymmetry is seen between upmarket and downmarket. The results reported in this article demonstrate that comovement in stock returns may be partly attributed to the nonstandard preferences of investors in the stock market.     

Re-examining the Chinese A-share herding behaviour with a Fama-French augmented seven-factor model

ABSTRACT

In view of the contradicting results in existing research, this article proposes a new weighted cross-sectional variance (WCSV) model to re-examine the level of herding behaviour in the Chinese A-share market. Motivated by the original WCSV model, we utilize a Fama-French augmented seven-factor model as the underlying Arbitrage Pricing Theory model, which introduces the trading volume and turnover rate factors to the Fama-French five-factor model. The regression results show the superiority of our new model compared to the WCSV model based on Fama-French three- and five-factor models, which implies that the empirical findings of herding with our WCSV model are more reliable in relative terms. In the empirical aspect, in addition to testing the herding level yearly and integrally, to provide further insight on the relationship between market stress and herding, we apply our model to the Chinese A-share herding behaviour within each of three well-known crisis periods. In addition, we also split the sub-samples into pre-crisis and post-crisis periods to detect the existence of asymmetric herding behaviour for different market directions. Our findings suggest that Chinese A-share herding behaviour is more prevalent during large market turmoil, especially under condition of down market.     

Two Experiments to Test a Model of Herd Behaviour

We carry out two experiments to test a model of herd behaviour based on the work of Banerjee (Quarterly Journal of Economics, CVII, 797–817, 1992). He shows that herding occurs as a result of people observing the actions of others and using this information in their own decision rule. In our experiments herding does not occur as frequently as Banerjee predicts. Contrary to his results, the subjects' behaviour appears to depend on the probabilities of receiving a signal and of this signal being correct. Furthermore, Banerjee finds that the pattern of decision making over a number of rounds of the game is volatile whereas we find that decision making is volatilewithin rounds.     

会计准则国际趋同、研究开发支出及其经济后果

基于2006年颁布的新企业会计准则,文章从契约观和信息观两个角度实证检验了研究开发支出准则变化带来的经济后果。研究发现:(1)新会计准则的实施降低了企业盈余报告的压力,有助于促进企业的RD投入;(2)新会计准则促进企业提高RD投入的程度受到管理层持股水平和所有权性质的影响,管理层持股水平高的企业提高程度低,国有企业相对于非国有企业提高程度要低;(3)与原RD支出会计处理方法相比,新准则更为符合研发投入的经济实质,提高了报表的价值相关性;(4)资本化RD支出与企业价值正相关,与费用化RD支出相比,资本化RD支出的市场定价更高。     

Capital structure and value of reported earnings: evidence from an emerging market

This article documents a nonlinear impact of capital structure on the value of reported earnings in India during the period between 2009 and 2015. Our results show that earnings reported by firms with moderate level of debt are more valuable than earnings reported by firms with low or high level of debt. Our results are robust across various proxies of capital structure and across various sub-samples. This article argues that moderate level of debt is associated with low-agency problems, while low and high level of debt is synonymous to high-agency problems. Differences in agency problems result in reported earnings that have very different levels of relevance.     

会计准则改革与会计质量的改进研究

以新企业会计准则实施前后各一年为研究区间,以一般上市公司为研究样本,针对会计准则和会计质量的变化进行实证研究。建立有关模型,对2006年和2007年的样本公司进行了实证分析。结果表明,新准则在提高价值相关性方面有贡献,也提高了大额亏损确认的频率。但新准则在盈余管理控制上并没能起到显著的效果。因此,新准则对公司会计质量的提高作用是有限的。