欧盟对华反倾销与中国的策略选择——基于欧盟对华彩电反倾销案例的分析

近年来,随着我国对外贸易出口的迅速增长,欧盟已经成为中国最大的贸易伙伴,然而,日益增长的欧盟对华反倾销诉讼直接阻碍了中欧经贸关系的发展.本文在分析欧盟对华反倾销现状和特点的基础上,以欧盟时华彩电反倾销案为例进行分析,并从政府和企业两个层面提出了应对欧盟反倾销的总体策略.     

欧盟与美国对我国运用“合规性”贸易壁垒的比较研究

欧盟和美国是近年来对中国使用反倾销、反补贴、保障措施等"合规性"贸易壁垒最多的两个经济体。该文通过大量数据比较分析了欧盟和美国对中国运用反倾销、反补贴和保障措施的情况,分析发现欧盟和美国大约占到所有对我国反倾销数量的一半。欧盟和美国的反倾销第一目标国都是中国。欧盟发起反补贴的总数量要远远低于美国。欧盟和美国对中国使用保障措施的数量都不多。最后提出中国应对欧盟和美国的"合规性"贸易壁垒的对策建议。     

应对欧盟对华反倾销的对策研究

欧盟频繁地对我国产品进行反倾销调查,不仅极大地损害了中国出口企业的利益,也阻碍着中欧双边经贸关系的进一步发展。本文分析欧盟对华反倾销的原因及对我国出口企业的影响,提出通过积极构筑完善的反倾销体系,建立和健全我国的反倾销应诉机制对策,以降低欧盟反倾销对我国出口企业造成的损失,创造更多更大的贸易与投资机会,确保中国对欧盟出口的稳定增长。     

欧盟对华花岗岩反倾销案述评

欧盟对华花岗岩反倾销案以申诉方欧洲国际天然石产业联合会撤诉告终，是中国企业应诉欧盟对华反倾销的又一成功案例。本文一方面分析了本案取得胜诉的原因，另一方面，也指出了本案中依旧暴露出的在中国企业应诉欧盟反倾销指控时普遍存在的若干问题，并提出了解决问题的对策。     

反倾销对中国出口贸易的冲击效应分析

反倾销作为新贸易保护的重要措施,对中国出口贸易产生了一定程度的影响。关于反倾销与中国出口贸易之间的关系,现有的实证分析相当少。因此在贸易引力模型的基础上,建立反倾销与中国出口贸易之间的定量关系,分析新贸易保护的重要措施——反倾销对中国出口贸易的冲击效应。结果表明,反倾销行为对中国出口贸易冲击效应无论长期还是短期都是显著的。     

欧盟不对华征光伏反补贴税竞争失利原因在自身

欧盟委员会日前对于对华光伏产品反补贴调查作出初裁。欧委会的公告称,欧盟不对产自中国的太阳能产品采取临时性反补贴措施。德国《明星》周刊援引一名欧委会官员的话称,鉴于欧中新近在光伏产品反倾销争端中达成价格承诺协议,即使欧委会的调查结果确证中方有补贴行为,欧盟也不会采取制裁措施。因为有了价格承诺协议,欧洲业界应该不会再因廉价竞争而受损。 欧盟对产自中国的光伏产品发起“双反”调查始于2012年11月8日。反倾销调查初裁比本次反补贴调查初裁早两个月,欧盟于6月6日起对产自中国的光伏产品征收11.8%的临时反倾销税。经过两个月的密集磋商,中欧双方就反倾销案达成“价格承诺”协议,并于8月6日开始执行。根据协议,90余家中国光伏企业同意为出口至欧盟的光伏产品设置最低限价,这些企业对欧出口额占中国对欧光伏产品出口总额的70%,这些企业无需缴纳惩罚性关税,没有参加协议的企业则需要向欧盟缴纳47.6%的反倾销税。这一“价格承诺”谈判结果已涵盖反补贴案,同时欧方事实上对“双反”案做了并案处理。欧委会将在今年12月5日一并公布反倾销与反补贴调查的终裁结果。     

命运不济的中国草甘膦——评欧盟对中国草甘膦反倾销措施日落审查

中国草甘膦在欧盟市场的命运真可谓是一波三折。1998年2月欧盟开始对从中国进口的草甘膦实施反倾销措施，征收24％的反倾销税率。在2000年进行了反吸收调查后决定把反倾销税率提高到48％。而在2002年进行了反规避调查后决定对从马来西亚和台湾进口的草甘膦适用对中国实施的反倾销措施．征收48％的反倾销税。2002年11月18日在草甘膦反倾销措施快要期满失效前．欧盟草甘膦协会向欧盟委员会提出申请，要求对从中国进口的草甘膦反倾销措施进行日落审查。该协会代表了欧盟90％的草甘膦的生产     

河北企业在欧盟反倾销下的生存之道

欧盟/欧共体是最早对河北出口产品进行反倾销调查并采取反倾销措施的地区,应用欧盟反倾销程序的设计可使河北企业在不同阶段应诉欧盟的反倾销,可使企业在遇到涉外纠纷特别是数量最多的涉外贸易纠纷时能得到及时合理的解决,从而最大限度地保护其合法利益。     

论反倾销威胁下的出口产业政策

反倾销措施是世界各国普遍采用的一种保护国内产业的合法手段.建立在劳动力密集型产业基础上的中国出口导向型经济,其出口企业所面临的反倾销威胁将是长期而普遍的.文章建立了两阶段Cournot竞争模型对反倾销威胁下出口企业利润最大化行为与出口产业结构以及反倾销参考价格之间的内在联系机理进行了理论分析,并论证了在反倾销威胁下,政府实施以整个出口产业利润最大化为目标、以间接控制出口企业数量为手段的出口产业政策的必要性和可行性.     

试析应对欧盟反倾销与拓展欧洲市场之策略

随着国际贸易摩擦的日益增多,反倾销、反补贴和保障措施作为保护本国市场的有效手段已经越来越多地被许多国家加以利用。面对中国不断扩大的出口贸易。一些国家和地区已将中国的出口商品作为反倾销的主要目标。欧盟是我国重要的贸易伙伴之一,但它同时又是中国出口产品遭遇反倾销最多的地区之一,其反倾销调查对我国企业的正常出口已构成威胁。为有效应对欧盟的反倾销调查,降低欧盟反倾销对我造成的损失,进一步拓展欧洲市场,我们不仅要建立和健全我国的反倾销应诉机制,而且也要制定相应的营销策略进一步拓展欧洲市场。     

Chinese firm and industry reactions to antidumping initiations and measures

China has been the subject of large numbers of both antidumping initiations and measures. This article explores the reactions of Chinese firms and industries to these actions by using dynamic system GMM estimator and industrial panel data on all Chinese firms in the industry, foreign firms operating within China and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) for aggregated firms group between 1997 and 2007. We find that antidumping actions by developed and developing countries negatively impact industrial profits and employee and firm numbers and also exports, but improve labour productivity. We also find that different kinds of firms show different responses. All firms together in an industry react to antidumping the most, and foreign and SOE firms show a much smaller response. Further, antidumping effects from different countries are different. Developed countries’ antidumping actions have more negative impact than developing countries’ actions; the effects of US actions are different from the European Union’s.     

Antidumping duties, undertakings, and foreign direct investment in the EU

We study the effects of EU antidumping policy when foreign firms can ‘jump’ antidumping duties through foreign direct investment (FDI) in the EU. We show that duty jumping or duty pre-empting FDI occurs if the EU administration has broader objectives than protecting EU industry's profitability and if cost advantages of foreign firms are transferable abroad. The (expectation of) price undertakings reduces the incentives to engage in FDI and may even discourage FDI as long as products are not too differentiated. The results are consistent with recent empirical findings on antidumping jumping FDI.     

欧盟工业生物技术研发现状及发展趋势分析

欧盟是现代工业制造业的发源地,长期保持着工业技术的世界领先水平。欧委会根据全球高新技术日新月异的快速发展及其重要性,以及欧盟相对处于世界领先地位的技术优先领域,扬长避短确定了欧盟工业可持续发展的六大关键势能技术(KETs)。工业生物技术,作为欧盟优先确定的六大关键势能技术之一,欧盟己制定具体的优惠政策和行动举措给予重点扶持,旨在提升欧盟先进制造业的世界竞争力,促进经济增长和扩大就业。通过综合研究分析欧盟工业生物技术及产业的发展现状、研发创新、面临的挑战和未来发展趋势,旨在为我国战略性新兴技术产业的可持续发展,提供有益的路径和经验借鉴。     

Antidumping and heterogeneous quality adjustment of multi-product firms: Evidence from Chinese exporters

This paper investigates the effect of antidumping on multi-product firms’ adjustment in export quality using highly disaggregated Chinese exports data at the firm-product-country level for the period 2000–2014. In response to antidumping, firms tend to upgrade the quality of their exports for targeted products in affected markets by product adjustment, with this effect being more pronounced for firms with ex ante higher product quality. Antidumping induces resource reallocation across firms for a product such that higher-quality firms upgrade the quality while lower-quality firms are unaffected, and reallocation across products within a firm with the quality of products of higher competency increasing more substantially under antidumping policy. Our paper contributes to our understanding on how a multi-product firm adjusts by reallocating resources across products in the face of trade policy shocks.     

The Cost of Antidumping: the Devil is in the Details

We argue that the costs of antidumping (AD) protection are substantially higher than standard tariff analysis would suggest. First, since AD duties are often adjusted during administrative reviews, the welfare cost of AD duties increases over time. These adjustments effectively transfer heavily distorted AD revenue to foreign firms. Second, AD duties are more costly than simply the visible costs of AD protection. There are significant additional costs associated with the prospect of protection imposed when foreign and domestic firms alter their profit maximizing behavior in order to influence the outcome of potential AD investigations. These costs may exceed the direct cost of AD duties.     

The signaling power of trade protection

This paper proposes an empirical analysis to provide new insight into the trade diversion effects of antidumping (AD) policy. Trade diversion is the shift in trade from named countries in an AD investigation to non-named countries. Previous studies have concluded that AD action causes a considerable drop in exports from named countries, however the extent to which trade is diverted to non-named countries is still an open debate. This paper examines to see whether AD action on named countries can have signaling effects on non-named countries. To examine the trade effects on non-named countries, a time series data at an 8-digit product level is constructed for all cases initiated between 1997 and 2003 in the European Union. The paper provides evidence that antidumping policy has signaling effects on non-named imports.     

出口补贴、企业所有权与外国对华的反倾销调查——基于Poisson模型的理论和实证分析

文章以中国出口导向型经济实践为基础,通过理论建模确立了五个理论假说,它们分别阐明了出口补贴、企业所有权、贸易报复威胁以及WTO贸易制度与外国对华反倾销风险之间的关联性。文章还采用Poisson模型的GEE、FE和RE回归方法,估计了印度、美国、欧盟、阿根廷、土耳其、巴西、南非和澳大利亚等8个国家和地区1995-2009年对华反倾销调查的面板数据,从经验上验证了外国对华反倾销调查的数量与中国的出口退税和对外反倾销调查强度成正比,与外资控制在华出口企业所有权的强度成反比。     

Determinants of Chinese direct investments in the European Union

This article analyses the determinants of Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) activities in the European Union (EU). Evidence is based on panel Poisson models drawing on two investment monitors at the individual project level. Greenfield investments (GI) and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are distinguished. The findings indicate that market size and bilateral trade are the main factors for Chinese investment in the EU. In contrast, business-friendly institutions do not foster FDI. Probably, Chinese investors are risk averse, and prefer regions with less competitive markets. The striking difference between GIs and M&As is related to unit labour costs. Higher costs make the host country less attractive for the establishment of new firms, but do not affect the involvement in existing firms. The sectoral dispersion of Chinese FDI in the EU did not change much since the global financial crisis. Most relevant shifts have occurred in research and development (R&D), where low-income EU countries have become increasingly attractive.     

欧盟光子学技术的发展现状与研发趋势

欧盟是现代工业制造业的发源地,长期保持着工业技术的世界领先水平。光子学技术,作为欧盟优先确定的六大关键势能技术(KETs)之一,欧盟已制定具体的优惠政策和行动举措给予重点扶持,旨在提升欧盟先进制造业的世界竞争力,促进经济增长和扩大就业。欧盟光子学技术在可持续发展经济、医疗保健、知识型社会建设、公共安全和环境保护以及先进工业制造等领域发挥了重要作用。通过综合研究欧盟光子学技术及其产业的发展现状、研发创新面临的挑战和未来发展趋势,旨在为我国战略性新兴技术产业的可持续发展,提供有益的路径和经验。