莫道大同无宝玉 遍地黄花是金针

正"莫道农家无宝玉,遍地黄花是金针。"这是宋代文学家苏轼描写黄花菜的诗句。而今天,我们用"莫道大同无宝玉,遍地黄花是金针"来形容山西省大同市大同县的黄花产业,再恰当不过。黄花,学名萱草,俗称金针菜,兼具食、药、花三种特性。山西省大同市大同县是我国的黄花之乡。近年来,大同县把黄花作为"一县一业"的主导产业和农民脱贫攻坚的支柱产业加以扶持,2017年黄花种植面积达到17万亩,科学规划?政策扶持、     

大同县黄花菜种质资源与传统栽培技术

黄花产业已被大同县委、县政府确定为大同县"一县一业"的主导产业。2015年底种植面积达到0.66万hm2,亩收入达1万元以上,种植黄花成为农民脱贫致富的好门路。     

国家质量标准制定机制探讨

本文针对国家质量标准的部分产品标准有疑问或存在争议的地方，提出国家质量标准在制定修订机制中出现的一些不妥之处，并提出解决建议。     

固始县畜禽遗传资源保护与开发利用考察报告

畜禽遗传资源是保护生物多样性、培育新品种、实现畜牧业可持续发展战略的重要生物资源。如何做好优质地方畜禽品种保护和开发利用工作,实现有效保护、科学利用,一直是畜牧工作者努力思考和破解的难题之一。国家级贫困县——河南省固始县紧紧围绕地方畜禽品种资源开发,着力构建以地方品种为核心的特色优势畜牧产业,运用市场化运作     

温州水产品标准化建设初见成效

温州市沿海渔区根据国家有关水产品质量规范标准,结合当地实际积极组织专业人员制定有关水产品质量地方标准。迄今已制定各种水产品质量标准22项,其中市级制定8个水产养殖产品标准(羊栖菜、坛紫菜、泥蚶、缢蛏、牡蛎、文蛤、贻贝、美国红鱼等);县级地方标准4项。此外,参照国家标准化要求,由水产加工企业自行制定的企业标准10多个。如瑞安华盛、华忠、眯眼,乐清海美鲜,平阳信业,苍南宏达利制定了虾仁、梭子蟹、鳗片以及熟食小包装、调味品、鱼粉等质量标准。由于标准化建设工作顺利开展,有力的促进水产品质量的提高。致使温州市水产品出口量…     

“吉育101”小粒大豆的品种特性及高产栽培技术

本文介绍了小粒大豆出口专用品种“吉育101”的品种特性，并根据“吉育101”的品种特性及出口质量标准，制定了从地块选择、播种密度、田间管理、病虫害防治到收获脱粒等一套高产高效栽培技术，为提高我国小粒大豆在国际市场上的竞争力，增加农民收入提供技术支撑。     

青海省畜禽品种资源保护工作的思考

畜禽遗传资源是生物种质资源的重要组成部分,是畜牧业可持续发展的基础。由于我省各地区开展地方畜禽品种资源工作还受到很多条件的制约,直接影响着地方畜禽品种资源保护,本文介绍了我省畜禽品种资源的状况,就畜禽品种资源保护工作中遇到的一些问题提出一建建议,仅供参考。     

1993年粮棉产销政策

国务院决定对国家定购和专项储备的粮食实行保护价。列入1993年粮食年度收购保护价格的品种有:冬小麦、玉米、大豆、早籼稻、中籼稻、晚籼稻、粳稻。国务院下达的全国主要粮食品种的收购保护价格的基准价如下(每50公斤、中等质量标准): 北方冬小麦32.50元; 南方冬小麦31.00元; 关内玉米21.00元; 关外玉米20.00元; 大豆45.00元; 早籼稻21.00元; 中籼稻26.00元; 晚籼稻28。OO元; 北方粳稻35.00元; 南方粳稻31.50元。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据当地情况,按不低于但可高于中央下达的基准价格水平,制定本地区的收购保护价,向农民公布。     

江苏畜禽品种资源:保护与利用并重

畜禽品种是培育优质、高效、低耗畜禽新品种和杂交优势利用良好的原始材料。保护和合理利用畜禽品种,对促进人类生态环境保护,促进社会经济发展,满足人类日益增长的物质文化需要有着重大的意义。长期以来,在农业部和各级政府的支持下,江苏省一手抓国内外优良畜禽品种的引进,一手抓地方品种资源的保护和开发利用,在开展畜禽品种更新、推广经济杂交的同时,十分重视并采取有效措施,做好地方品种的保护工作,使许多宝贵的品种资源得到了有效的保护。当前在鸡的品种资源方面,以省家禽科学研究所为依托建立了家禽品种资源基因库,采取小群保种,对狼…     

黔东南小香鸡

黔东南小香鸡是我国稀有的优良小型地方鸡种,入选《中国家禽地方品种资源图谱》、《中国禽类遗传资源》,属于贵州保护品种。小香鸡通常为牧养,个体矮小、肉质细嫩、肉     

大同煤矿区生态脆弱性评价

生态脆弱性评价是区域生态综合评价的重要依据。矿区生态环境脆弱性研究不仅对矿区的资源及环境有着重要作用,还指导了资源的合理利用,为矿区的可持续发展提供了意见。本文在生态脆弱性研究方法上,选择生态敏感性-生态恢复力-生态压力度模型,通过建立基于目标的第三个层次准则的判断矩阵,并加权汇总得出各个因素的重要性程度,依此方法,再建立基于目标的第二个层次准则的判断矩阵,运用生态脆弱性指数的计算方法,得出大同煤矿区的生态脆弱性指数,评价大同煤矿区的脆弱性。评价结果显示,大同矿区生态脆弱综合指数为0.3506,呈中度脆弱性。根据生态脆弱性结果为后续的生态环境恢复重建工作、制定综合治理策略及矿区的可持续发展规划进行指导。     

Local institutions: Regulation and valuation of forest use—Evidence from Central Sulawesi,Indonesia

Forest management poses particular challenges as the pressure on forests is huge due to deforestation. In this context, the establishment of protected areas is a common conservation measure where institutions are put in place and sanctions regarding forest use are enforced. This paper focuses on the practice of sustainable forest management and the associated perspectives of local institutions at the rainforest margins of Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.     

青海大通国家森林公园景源评析

选取距离省会西宁最近的青海大通国家森林公园为调查评价对象,实地进行详细调查,对其景点风景资源类型进行整合分类,确定自然和人文景源。按照《中国森林公园风景资源质量等级评定》标准,对景源质量、环境状况和区域开发利用三项基础情况进行评价,得出大通国家森林公园风景资源综合得分为42.63分,评价符合一级国家森林公园标准。运用AHP法对大通国家森林公园的18个风景资源因子进行分析,景观资源对整体环境影响较大,地文、水文和生物资源是今后保护的重点,同时应加强对基础设施条件的投资力度,最后对其保护开发提出了相应对策建议。     

Effects of industrial plantations on ecosystem services and livelihoods: Perspectives of rural communities in China

This paper addresses the current research void on local community views of changes in ecosystem services associated with rapid land use transformation in the context of plantation-based forestry. This interview-based study, conducted in southern China, aims at assessing the perspectives of local communities of: 1) the effects of Eucalyptus industrial plantations on selected ecosystem services and on local development; and 2) opportunities for future community livelihood development, based on the relations with the government and with forest industry operating locally. We analysed data from semi-structured interviews with 70 villagers for their views on changes in ecosystem services after the establishment of plantations, and their future expectations on the local livelihood development. Most interviewees mentioned some negative development on environmental quality after the establishment of the industrial plantations, especially on soil and water. Furthermore, the reduced productivity of cropland surrounding industrial plantations, coupled with other financial drivers, induced several villagers to switch from agricultural crops to household plantations. In the absence of destructive typhoons, household plantations can provide owners more free time, higher income, while industrial plantations provided some employment opportunities. Interviewees’ expectations for the future included receiving financial support and capacity building for household plantations and crops, support to local roads and schools, and higher employment opportunities. Some interviewees suggested that solutions should be implemented for improving degraded water quality, while others suggested reducing forestry operations. Even though being highly context-specific, our findings open up the discussion about the further community development opportunities in the context of plantation forestry. In particular, the potential of value sharing mechanisms between the private sector and the local communities should be further studied.     

Participation in the implementation of Natura 2000: A comparative study of six EU member states

The establishment of Natura 2000, the European Union’s network of protected areas, has been a challenging process and has caused a variety of conflicts. These conflicts are related to contradictory stakeholder interests and perceptions, as well as to procedural issues and feelings of exclusion, especially by concerned local land user groups. To prevent further conflict, local participation has been stressed as an important tool to increase the inclusiveness of Natura 2000 and its acceptance among land users. In this paper, we present an analysis of participation practices related to the Natura 2000 implementation processes in six EU member states. Based on material collected from semi-structured interviews and document analysis, we describe the organisational settings of the participatory processes, focusing, among other things, on the type of participants involved, the level and intensity of their involvement, and the goal of participation. In addition, we also describe the local context in which the participation processes have been embedded. Finally, we assess the outcomes of the participatory processes in terms of their impact on forest and nature conservation management practices. Our results show that local participation practices were shaped not just by the Natura 2000 policy, but also by the history of the area, including, for example, earlier conflicts among the local actors. We also show that although the participation process leads to a greater acceptance of the Natura 2000 policy, this does not relate to significant changes in management practices among local actors. These findings, however, do not suggest that participation is irrelevant. Rather, we conclude that participation involves context-dependent, localised learning processes that can only be understood by taking the historical socio-economic and institutional context in which they are situated into account.     

生物多样性管理与农民土地权益保护

生物多样性管理经历了从个别物种保护、物种和栖息地保护到自然保护区保护的发展阶段。建立自然保护区已成为中国生物多样性管理的重要手段,但自然保护区的建立对当地居民的生计构成了潜在威胁。应当通过增加自然保护区的财政投入,完善自然保护区集体土地征用制度,实行自然保护区社区共管等措施,实现自然保护区管理与农民土地权益保护之间的和谐发展。     

我国地方政府创新研究:现状、热点与展望

随着"中国地方政府创新奖"的设立,地方政府创新逐渐成为政治学、公共管理学的热门研究内容,研究成果丰硕。基于文献计量分析,文章对近二十年来中国地方政府创新的研究成果进行分析、归纳,试图准确把握当前我国地方政府创新研究的热点及其未来趋势。在对我国地方政府创新研究现状进行分析的基础上,对地方政府创新动因、扩散及可持续性等热点主题予以总结,进而发现当前我国地方政府创新研究存在研究深度不够、理论体系缺乏等薄弱之处,并对地方政府创新研究的未来进行了展望。     

祁连山国家级自然保护区周边经济发展模式探讨

通过对祁连山自然保护区周边农牧民经济状况的调查发现,这些地区普遍存在着生活水平低、生产资金短缺、产业结构单一等阻碍经济发展的问题,通过对当地自然和社会经济发展情况进行分析,结合对保护区周边农牧民抽样问卷调查,提出了发展生态旅游、进行新兴农牧业发展等适合本地区经济发展的模式。     

Why should landowners in protected areas be compensated? A theoretical framework based on value capture

Many protected areas around the world are struggling to achieve financial stability and meet management costs, which is a difficult challenge. This difficulty is particularly acute in China, even though protected area conservation has been increasingly stressed upon in recent central policy announcements. The practice of providing supplemental funding for protected areas has been going on for years, but there is a lack of theoretical research on why and how landowners in protected areas could be compensated. This paper aims to fill the gap and make two contributions to the literature by explaining why landowners in protected areas should be compensated and who should pay for protected areas. The theoretical arguments on compensation for protected areas are first reviewed before we derive the theoretical framework of value capture for protected areas in China based on the principle of symmetry between burden and compensation. We conclude that local residents should be compensated according to the principle of equal public burden because the spatial regulation of protected areas has seriously restricted their land development rights. Furthermore, the beneficiaries of added land value in the process of the spatial regulation of protected areas can be categorized into three groups: the general public, residents around protected areas and some residents in protected areas (along the infrastructure site or in the upzoning area). Therefore, we structure a three-level value capture framework for protected areas. This is the first attempt to study compensation for protected areas based on value capture theory, which can provide guidance on protected area management for government leaders and researchers across the world.     

山西省城乡绿化的生态效益评价

[目的]城乡绿化对改善地区生态气候,提高空气环境质量具有重要作用。研究山西省城乡绿化规划带来的生态效益,为今后城乡规划提供理论依据。[方法]采用熵值法,在评定山西省11个地级市PM2. 5,PM10,二氧化硫,二氧化氮年平均浓度和空气质量达标天数等5个指标的基础上,综合分析2014—2016年山西省各地级市城乡绿化带来的生态效益。[结果] 2015年山西省城乡绿化带来的生态效益相比2014年和2016年较为明显。在各地级市中,大同市城乡绿化带来的生态效益明显高于其他城市,且各项指标评分均较高。大部分地区PM2. 5、PM10、二氧化氮和二氧化硫的浓度超出了国家二级标准要求,环境质量令人堪忧。[结论]山西省各地级市在城乡规划中应加大对绿化的投入,选择对空气具有净化作用的植物,加强对绿化植物的监管等,综合提高城乡绿化的生态效益,促进环境和社会经济的协调发展。