广西农业功能区划研究

该文详细地介绍了广西农业功能区划的分区方法和技术路线。广西农业功能区划,根据广西资源禀赋、经济和社会发展情况分为:农产品供给功能区、就业与生活保障功能区、生态调节功能区、文化传承与休闲功能区四类一级功能区。在一级功能区划的基础上,对农产品供给就业与生活保障功能区进行二级分区:农产品供给功能区二级区分为4个综合供给区和粮食等13个专项供给区;就业与生活保障二级区分为:生活保障与农产品供给区、生活保障与生态调节区、生活保障与文化休闲区三类二级区。     

吉林省农业功能区划研究

该文采用系统聚类法对吉林省的农产品功能、农业社会功能、农业文化功能、农业生态功能进行分级评价。在此基础上,结合吉林省的基本情况,采用定量与定性相结合的方法,将吉林省农业功能区划分为中部松辽平原农产品供给功能区和文化功能区、东部长白山农业生态功能区和特色农产品供给功能区、西部松嫩平原农产品供给功能区和农业社会功能区3个农业功能区。描述了各功能区的特征,并进行了功能定位,提出了发展方向建议。     

北京农业功能区划研究

北京具有多功能特征的都市型现代农业格局正在形成。该文选取了28个指标来表征北京市农业的供给功能、就业和社会保障功能、文化休闲功能和生态功能，采用逐步判别聚类法对功能指标进行空间聚类分析，把北京郊区分为近郊休闲农业功能区、中郊综合农业功能区、东南平原一延庆盆地农业生产功能区、西北山区农业生态功能区4个功能区，并对北京建设现代农业提出对策建议。     

重庆市农业功能区划研究

该文结合重庆市基本情况,选取15个指标分别表征重庆农业的农产品供给功能、就业和生活保障功能、文化传承与休闲功能和生态调节功能。采取K-均值聚类分析和GIS空间叠加的方法,将重庆市农业功能区分为五大区域,即主城近郊休闲与就业保障功能区、渝中渝西农产品供给与就业保障功能区、三峡库区腹心生态调节与就业保障功能区、渝东南武陵山农产品供给与文化传承功能区、渝东北秦巴山生态调节与生活保障功能区。同时,对各分区进行了功能定位,提出发展方向。     

县级土壤环境功能区划研究与示范——以登封市为例

土壤是人类赖以生存与发展的物质基础,土壤环境功能区划是合理开发利用与有效保护管理的重要基础性工作。土壤环境功能区划工作亟须详细展开,且区划方案因尺度不同而异。县级土壤环境功能区划结果要求更具体、可操作性更强。文章深入分析了县级土壤环境功能区划的区划思路、区划原则、区划方法、区划依据与指标体系等区划方案,并以河南省登封市为例进行县级土壤环境功能区划示范研究。登封市土壤环境功能区划分为4级:一级区划分为生产功能区、生活功能区、生态功能区等3类;二级区划分为基本农田种植区、一般农业发展区、商品林生产种植区、农村居民区、城镇建设区、独立工矿区、港口与交通用地区、生态公益林种植区、生态安全控制区、自然景观与文化遗产保护区、湿地保护区、草地保护区等12类;三、四级区划分别根据土壤环境质量现状、潜在风险等进行空间100m格网大小评价并各划分为5个等级。该研究关于县级土壤环境功能区划方案与示范应用,为土壤环境保护与可持续利用提供科学参考,也可为其他地区县级土壤环境功能区划提供科学借鉴。     

农业功能区划理论问题思考

农业功能区划是规范我国农业发展空间秩序,实现区域协调发展的重要基础性工作。该文在阐述开展农业功能区划背景意义的基础上,重点探讨了农业功能和农业功能区的内涵特征,农业功能区划的基本准则,农业功能区划的基本方法,农业功能区管理制度设计等农业功能区划理论问题。     

山东省农业功能区划研究

基于山东省区域资源禀赋、经济、政治和社会等要素的空间差异性与组合特征及比较优势,以因地制宜与空间有序的现代农业区划理论为基础,提出了山东省农业功能区划的指导思想、目标和原则,并将山东省农业功能划分为六大功能区。阐明了区域农业功能特征,确定了不同区域农业主导功能与辅助功能,明确了农业功能拓展方向与途径。     

城镇化与农业现代化协调度评价与分析——以重庆市五大功能区为例

根据系统论观点,协调是复合系统中各子系统在发展演化过程中的和谐共生关系。城镇化与农业现代化的协调度是指二者在发展过程中的和谐一致程度。文章采用空间描述方法构建系统协调状态测度模型,并以重庆2000~2012年数据为样本,对其功能分异明显的五大功能区城镇化与农业现代化发展的协调度进行实证分析。结果表明,重庆城镇化与农业现代化的协调度在2000~2006年较为理想,但从2007年起,城镇化发展指数的增幅明显高于农业现代化发展指数的增幅,协调度几乎处于濒临失调的状态。其中,五大功能区协调度的变化趋势特点各异。就2012年而言,都市功能核心区、都市功能拓展区、城市发展新区、渝东北生态涵养发展区和渝东南生态保护发展区协调等级分别为5级、5级、8级、2级、2级,分别处于濒临失调、濒临失调、中级协调、高度失调、高度失调状态。该文认为,要积极建构城镇化和农业现代化协调发展的制度基础,将城镇化作为实现农业现代化重要动力,依据区域资源禀赋和产业基础推进区域特色城镇化发展。     

基于生态敏感性分析的西南都市农业功能区划研究——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例

都市农业功能在不同程度的都市生态敏感区内所发挥的经济与生态效益各不相同。基于重庆市沙坪坝区遥感影像数据与自然资源、社会经济数据,从自然环境背景、人类活动干扰等2个方面构建了重庆市沙坪坝区生态敏感性评价指标体系并对该区进行了生态敏感性评价与区划。在对各生态敏感区的生态环境特征与生态敏感性进行分析的基础上,对沙坪坝区进行了都市农业功能区划。结果表明:沙坪坝区可以划分为高生态敏感区、中生态敏感区、低生态敏感区及不敏感区;基于生态敏感性分区结果,全区划分为3个都市农业功能区(都市农业生态涵养发展区、都市农业主体功能区及都市农业多元扩展区)与7个都市农业功能亚区(生态屏障亚区、生态补偿亚区、果蔬产业亚区、花卉产业亚区、创汇农业亚区、科普教育亚区及休闲体验亚区);针对各功能区与亚区提出了相应的都市农业功能调控方案与分区发展策略。     

全国部分省(区、市)农业功能区划研讨会在杭州召开

根据2007年全国农业资源区划工作要点,2007年全国农业资源区划办公室在全国范围内选择北京、河北、吉林、浙江、福建、广西、四川等7个省(区、市),率先开展农业功能区划工作试点。按照既定工作计划,11月26～27日,全国农业资源区划办公室在浙江省杭州市召开了全国部分省(区、市)农业功能区划研讨会。承担2007年全国农业功能区划试点任务的7个省(区、市)农业资源区划办公室负责同志和全国农业功能区划研究课题组部分成员参加了会议,部分非试点省(区)农业资源区划办公室负责同志应邀参会。研讨会交流了各试点省(区、市)开展农业功能区划试点工…     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。