首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
本文利用一组南方省份农户和政府部门的访谈资料,分析了南方干旱及其对水稻生产的影响,考察了农户和政府对水稻干旱的处理策略。研究显示,农户采取了更多的“事前”干旱风险处理策略;其处理策略是有效的,但是受到了小农户资源的限制;政府为缓解大的干旱影响也采取了许多有效措施,但还需要采取更加有效地应对局部多发的“小旱”的措施。  相似文献   

2.
本文以四川省水稻主产区238户农户的调查数据为依据,运用Logistic模型,对乡镇农技人员推广效率的影响因素进行实证分析.研究结果表明,种植规模、农技人员工作态度以及对农户指导次数等因素对农技人员推广效率有显著影响,并在此基础上对提高农技人员推广效率提出了政策建议.  相似文献   

3.
中国南方水稻干旱问题及其应对策略   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
水稻生产是中国主要农业活动之一 ,干旱是水稻生产的主要限制因素 ,尤其是在以山地丘陵地貌居多、缺乏灌溉条件的南方地区更是如此。在南方 ,灌溉主要依赖当地的降雨 ,因而在降雨量较少的年份灌溉水的供应就十分有限。 1 996年发生特大干旱时 ,中国中部和南部地区因干旱导致的水稻产量损失约为 1 4 3—2 50公斤 /公顷。干旱不仅会对农户的家庭生产产生重大影响 ,在中国农民仍是社会主体的情况下 ,干旱对整个中国农村亦有深刻的影响。一、我国南方干旱的特点中国南部地区发生旱灾相对频繁 ,仅以湖北省为例 ,截止 1 949年 ,历史上有记载的大旱…  相似文献   

4.
目的 适应性耕作行为是农户应对气候变化的关键策略。文章旨在探究气候变化信息因素和信息来源对农户适应性耕作行为存在的潜在影响。方法 通过构建“气候刺激—信息干预—适应行为”理论分析框架,阐明了政府部门、科研机构和邻里交流3类典型信息来源影响农户适应性耕作行为的内在机理。在此基础上,基于湖北省水稻主产区920户稻农的样本数据对理论猜想展开实证检验。结果 (1)来源于政府部门和科研机构的气候变化信息对农户适应性耕作行为有显著的正向影响,但在同时考虑3种信息来源的情景下,科研机构信息来源对农户的适应性耕作行为的正向影响最为强烈。(2)农户在获得政府部门、科研机构和邻里交流的气候变化信息后,他们在气候变化适应性耕作行为方面差异主要取决于其气候变化认知而非主体信任因素。结论 政府部门和科研机构等为代表的正式组织的气候变化信息对农户适应性耕作行为的积极影响更为显著,但这种影响很大程度上取决于农户所获得的信息能否提高其气候变化认知。  相似文献   

5.
本文利用11省份994户水稻种植户调查数据,在采用倾向得分匹配法克服农技推广内生性问题的基础上分析了基层公共农技推广对农户农业技术采纳的影响。研究发现,基层公共农技推广在一定程度上提升了农户的技术采纳水平,具有部分的溢出效应且不同经营规模的农户受益程度不同。相对于非示范村农户,基层公共农技推广显著提升了示范户测土配方施肥、秸秆还田和病虫害绿色防治技术的采纳水平,也显著提升了示范村非示范户测土配方施肥和秸秆还田技术的采纳水平,但并未显著提升其病虫害绿色防治技术的采纳水平;经营规模细分后的估计结果显示,基层公共农技推广对小规模经营农户技术采纳有显著的正向影响,对大规模经营农户技术采纳无显著影响。因此,应进一步提升基层公共农技推广的溢出效应,对于不同类型的农业技术要分类指导,且在推广对象选取时不应过分强调经营规模,对小规模经营农户也要给予充分关注。  相似文献   

6.
本文利用鲁陕晋三省1475份农户数据,以测土配方技术、节水灌溉技术和病虫害综合防治三种绿色生产技术选择为例,分析数字农技推广服务对农户绿色生产技术选择的影响及作用机理。研究发现:(1)与未使用数字农技推广服务的农户相比,使用该服务对绿色生产技术选择概率明显提高48%左右,使用频率越高,对绿色生产技术选择的影响程度越深;(2)数字农技推广服务正向影响农户绿色生产技术选择的积极性和采用规模,并再次运用IV Probit解决潜在内生性和其他统计性偏误问题后,证明上述结果仍整体稳健;(3)数字农技推广服务影响农户绿色生产技术选择,主要是通过降低信息成本渠道中的搜寻成本、谈判成本和获取成本三种机制实现。当前数字农技推广服务改变了农户信息获取方式,加快了农户对绿色生产技术的选择与应用,是成功推进农村农业绿色发展和转型的重要考量因素。  相似文献   

7.
[目的]信息化背景下的新媒体应用为生物农药技术的推广提供可行路径。[方法]文章基于农业技术推广扩散理论和双向沟通理论,利用湖北省和河南省789份农户调研数据,采用内生转换概率模型构建“反事实”分析框架,实证检验信息化背景下农技推广方式对农户生物农药施用行为的影响。[结果](1)接受传统农技推广农户生物农药施用比例为37.77%,接受新媒体农技推广农户生物农药施用比例为28.77%;(2)“线上”或“线下”农技推广方式对农户生物农药施用均具有显著促进效应,从平均处理效应来看,传统农技推广方式对农户生物农药施用行为促进效果最好,新媒体农技推广方式次之,二者对农户生物农药施用行为具有叠加效应和互补效应;(3)针对小规模农户生物农药推广应该以传统农技推广方式为主,而对大规模农户则应采用传统和新媒体农技推广结合方式。[结论]因此应拓宽生物农药技术推广渠道,加强农村信息化建设;创新农技推广形式,促进线上线下互动交流;同时实行差异化精准化推广。  相似文献   

8.
上海农技推广成效显著   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2011年,本市农技推广条线克服早春干旱低温、“三夏”期间连续性雨天等灾害性天气对本市农业生产的影响,较好地完成了全年的各项工作任务,取得了明显成效。一是粮食总产、单产上新台阶。稻麦高产创建深入推进,水稻产业技术体系建设启动实施。水稻单产558.6公斤,全年粮食总产达24.4亿斤。  相似文献   

9.
推行水稻供秧商品化实现农技推广产业化彭兴龙一、推行水稻供秧商品化是发展水稻生产的战略选择粮食是我国的一项重要战略物资,水稻又是我国南方各省、区的主要粮食作物。尽管这几年我国粮食生产连年丰收,但存在的问题也不容忽视,主要表现在:一是水稻种植面积减少;二...  相似文献   

10.
王欣  张琴  宋燕平 《农村经济》2023,(7):123-132
利用中国土地经济调查的微观数据,基于生产环节外包视角,采用中介效应模型探讨老龄化下政府农技服务对水稻产出率的影响。研究发现:政府农技服务能够显著促进水稻产出率的增长;生产环节外包在政府农技服务对水稻产出率的影响中存在部分中介效应,政府农技服务可通过技术密集型生产环节外包间接作用于水稻产出率。异质性分析显示,政府农技服务对非老龄农户水稻的增产效应更加显著,技术密集型生产环节外包在政府农技服务对水稻产出率的影响中存在部分中介效应;在老龄农户中,劳动密集型生产环节外包发挥着完全中介效应。据此,提出加强政府农技服务的针对性、推进劳动密集型外包服务市场的建设、促进政府农技服务与生产外包服务融合发展等建议。  相似文献   

11.
A multivariate probit (MVP) model was used to analyse the determinants of strategies adopted for adapting to climate change in a sample of smallholder rice farmers in south-west Nigeria. An efficient endogenous switching regression model (ESRM) was used to estimate the impact of climate change adaptation strategy on the net income of rice farmers. The MVP results show that the socio-economic factors, the institutional factors, and locational variables of some households statistically influenced the choice of climate change adaptation strategies employed. Complementarities among all the adaptation strategies used by the farmers were revealed by the positive pair-wise correlation matrix of the MVP model. The study also indicated that farmers affected by prolonged drought and incidences of flood were more likely to adopt adaptation strategies on their farmlands. The ESRM treatment effect indicated that the average net income per rice farm of those who adopted the strategies was significantly higher than that of those who did not. Thus, the government, stakeholders, and donor agencies must provide capacity-building innovations related to agricultural extension systems and climate change education through information and communication technologies. This investment in education is essential for development and would encourage farmers to adopt appropriate climate change adaptation strategies.  相似文献   

12.
[目的]农户作为生态农业技术最直接的采纳者,其对生态农业技术有着独立的选择权,农户是否采纳生态农业技术直接影响到该技术的推广效率。稻虾共养技术实现了水稻种植和小龙虾养殖相协调,该技术符合生态农业技术的要求。因此,文章以稻虾共养技术为例,通过分析江苏省和湖北省稻虾共养技术推广情况,以期提高农户对稻虾共养技术的采纳行为,并重点从政府培训、农户技术认知、农户个体特征、家庭经营特征和社会网络等五方面研究其对农户采纳稻虾共养技术的影响。[方法]运用二元Logistic模型和Bootstrap方法,基于江苏省和湖北省共612份农户的微观调研数据,实证分析了政府培训、技术认知对农户稻虾共养技术采纳行为的影响及其内在作用机制。[结果](1)政府培训次数和政府培训有效性对农户稻虾共养技术采纳行为有显著的正向影响,政府培训及时性对农户稻虾共养技术采纳行为的影响效果不显著;(2)其内在作用机制主要体现在,政府培训有效性可以提高农户技术认知水平,降低其技术应用风险,最终促使农户产生技术采纳行为;(3)户主是否村干部、是否加入合作社等对农户采纳稻虾共养技术有显著的正向影响,而户主年龄和耕地块数对其技术采纳行为有显著的负向影响。[结论]政府培训能够提高农户对生态农业技术的采纳行为,并且政府通过技术培训,可以提高农户对生态农业技术的认知,进而对农户技术采纳行为产生显著的正向影响。  相似文献   

13.
干旱风险冲击下牧户适应性生计策略及其影响因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
牧区连续严重干旱风险威胁着牧户生计,导致牧户的干旱风险管理成为其日常生计活动。准确理解和研究牧户应对日益严重的干旱风险的生计策略及其影响因素,在牧区发展政策措施的制定与实施以及提高牧民应对干旱风险能力方面具有重要的理论指导与实践意义。文章以英国国际发展署(DFID)的可持续生计分析框架和FAO的农户可持续生计灾害风险管理分析框架为基础,基于内蒙古草原牧区牧户的调研数据,借鉴已有研究成果并结合牧区实际建立牧户生计资本指标并进行测度,并运用Logit模型对牧户应对干旱风险所采取的多种生计策略的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:自然资本和金融资本是影响牧户应对干旱风险策略及组合最为广泛和显著的因素,其次为社会资本、物质资本和人力资本。因此,通过合理的草场流转制度、放牧制度和畜牧业信贷制度构建、生态环境保护补偿标准提高以及现代畜牧业产业组织方式的建立等方面提高牧户的自然资本和金融资本水平,能够增强牧户应对干旱风险的能力。  相似文献   

14.
Evidence is forwarded of a will for rationalisation of higher education, research and technology transfer processes; but the actions which have taken place in all three structures have, in contrast, produced irrationality and inefficiency. Tertiary education institutions are proposed as the spine for reconstruction, but pre-requisite is a logical hierarchy of missions appropriate to the various educational sectors. This done, research institutions may usefully coalesce with the universities, while development and advisory agencies may beneficially integrate into the polytechnic sector from which their information flow is sourced. There is strong mutually supportive efficiencies from education, research and extension emanating from a single resource base; but that base needs to be tiered according to the aptitude and requirement (science, technology, skills), and integrated with the industry. These proposals are not founded only as coping strategies in the face of funding withdrawals, but as optimisation movements bringing benefits of sharing of common human and physical resource for the three sectors; education, research, and technology transfer. An optimisation lost by their separation, and by competition amongst organisations within each sector (but especially education) striving for similar goals and for limited resources when the national requirement is for diversity.  相似文献   

15.
Adoption rates of improved or modern varieties (MV) of sorghum in eastern Ethiopia are generally low. Although these MV may represent an effective means of coping with droughts, given their early maturing traits, landraces could prove to be more drought‐tolerant and better adapted to marginal production conditions. Whether MV adoption is a risk reducing technology is very much an empirical question which this article investigates using a unique dataset from eastern Ethiopia in a year of extreme weather conditions. Results show that risk‐factors coupled with access to markets and social capital drive farmers’ decisions to adopt MVs. On the one hand, it appears that farmers use MVs to mitigate moderate risks. On the other hand, farmers who have been most vulnerable to extreme weather events are less likely to use MVs suggesting that MV adoption does not necessarily represent an effective means of coping with drought. Finally, findings show that MV growers are more likely to be affected by sorghum failure once controlling for exogenous production factors.  相似文献   

16.
Using a qualitative social research method at the local administrative level, this paper provides insight into the policy process in China and farmers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of policies implemented to deal with drought. Two villages in rural South-West Yunnan were purposefully selected for the study. The research started with the general assumption that China has a strong top-down hierarchal approach to policy processes and that funding dispersal is prioritised by the central government. However, the study found that funding proposals are prioritised for selection in a bottom-up, participatory manner from the local level. The study also found that farmers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of policy implementation were directly related to their past experience. Among the nine indicators used to measure the effectiveness of policy implementation at the local level, the farmers in the study area perceived access to roads as highly effective; water use efficiency projects, market demand, human mobility for jobs, and government funds as moderately effective; drought knowledge, community participation in planning, and governance structures as least effective; and the role of leadership as not effective. The study found that farmers’ adaptation at the local level is oriented towards short-term market rewards and income diversification. Farmers’ local-level adaptation is guided by government priorities and driven by their perception of tangible benefits. To ensure the effectiveness of policy implementation, long-term adaptation strategies, such as awareness raising, capacity building, watershed management, and source conservation need to be strengthened at the local level.  相似文献   

17.
To reduce their dependence on subsistence agriculture, farm households in rural Africa may diversify their income sources by participating in the nonfarm sector. In years of drought, nonfarm income can also be part of the coping strategies. A multivariate sample selection model was used to analyze three years of data from a nationally representative household survey in Mozambique. The analysis was guided by the following three questions. During a drought year: (1) Do households increase their participation in nonfarm activities? (2) Are poorer households as likely as others to participate in and benefit from nonfarm activities? and (3) Which factors are associated with higher nonfarm incomes? The results suggest that households are more likely to engage in at least one nonfarm income‐generating activity during a drought year. Although poorer households are more likely to engage in nonfarm activities, they are less likely to participate in nonfarm activities of high return. The results suggest that policies reducing entry barriers (e.g., improved road infrastructure, micro‐credit schemes, and livestock promotion programs) and increasing education levels can facilitate income diversification, thus allowing rural households to better cope with the effects of drought. When designing polices, care must be taken to avoid exacerbating income inequality by targeting measures toward poorer and female‐headed households.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Rice being a staple cereal, government purchases paddy (unhusked rice) from the primary wholesale markets in the surplus agrarian Punjab State and milled rice is distributed through the public distribution system in rice deficit States. Commission agents (CAs) in the primary wholesale markets that operate on a fixed commission basis constitute a strategic link between farmers and the procurement agencies/millers. To ensure adequate supplies of paddy for their own businesses CAs advance trade credit to the client farmers who need a regular flow of credit (during both the seasons annually that is not always possible to raise from the formal sources) for the purchase of operational inputs, on farm investments and various consumption purposes. So mutual interdependences, hereditary characters of the business enterprises and close proximities have enabled the chain partners to build up close personal relationships in the repeat business transactions. Farmers sell paddy through the preferred CAs during the post-harvest period, and personal relationships play a pivotal role in chain coordination while captive relationships ensure timely payments. For advancing trade credit, CAs' preferred choices are the medium and large sized farmers due to lower risks while the small sized farmers are less preferred because of their weak asset positions and payment uncertainties that increase the operational costs of trade credit. CAs make amicable adjustments to the utmost so that farmers do not shift away from their preferred CAs. CAs do not share any market risk, however, when paddy payments from the government to farmers get delayed they at their personal levels meet the requirements for cash contingencies of the client farmers. Knowledge gained from this study provides managerial and policy insights on the supply chain management mechanisms for the supplies of an essential input and its timely recoveries.  相似文献   

19.
Narrowing the gender technology gap in agricultural production has become a critical policy issue in sub‐Saharan Africa. A better understanding of the gender technology gap is essential for policy formulation and programme planning to ensure equity in resource allocation, and household‐level food security in low and middle income countries, such as Ghana. We employ a metafrontier approach to analyse the differences in the efficiency of male and female farmers, recognising the endogeneity of some of the variables in the inefficiency effects model, in particular the credit constraints of the rice farmers under study. Our findings show that while the rice farms themselves are very similar, average yields for male managed farms tend to be significantly higher than female managed farms reflecting higher seeding and fertiliser application rates on male managed farms. However, there is no significant difference between the genders in either land used for rice or total output per farm household. We find some evidence that relative to the metafrontier, male managed farms are less efficient than female managed farms. The results further show gender technology gap amongst the smallholder rice farmers with females’ technology gap ratio being significantly greater than that of males, with females operating on a production frontier closer to the metafrontier. Policies that provide females more access to productive resources and other agricultural services could assist in the generation of relatively higher output.  相似文献   

20.
Although the adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers to climate change and its attendant hazards have attracted widespread attention, the quantitative detection and evaluation of their adaptive behaviors remains a difficult task that deserves further study. This article describes an empirical case study performed in southern China to examine the adaptation strategies of paddy farmers to agricultural drought. We collected first-hand data through household questionnaires, in-depth interviews with local managers, and farm-level land-use surveys. The effectiveness of the adaptation approaches of the farmers was assessed in terms of the ecological, economic, and social benefits. Our findings indicate that over the past three decades, when confronted with recurrent seasonal drought in a warming climate, farmers have gradually abandoned the double-cropping rice production and transformed their cropping patterns into a new diversified mode of “Rice-Cole, rice, cotton, seedling nursery, and coarse cereals”. Current farming practice reduces the vulnerability of local agriculture to drought, and allows farmers to diversify and improve their incomes, which contributes to enhanced resilience and adaptability to drought. However, the autonomous adaptation of farmers may primarily serve their interests of minimizing drought risk and maximizing economic profits but could also undermine the social benefits, such as regional grain security. A robust adaptation strategy should balance the ecological and economic benefits with social interests to maintain agricultural sustainability.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号