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1.
区域生态系统服务功能价值评估研究——以雅安市为例   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
生态系统服务功能价值评估是生态补偿的基础工作之一.在比较分析不同生态系统价值评估方法的基础上,借鉴Constanza区域生态价值评估法,引入社会阶段发展系数,重构区域生态系统服务价值评估模型,并以雅安市为例对模型进行了验证.结果表明:该评估模型不仅为生态系统服务价值的评估提供一种相对简单、便捷的动态评价方法,而且能够通过社会阶段发展系数去反映不同社会经济状况下人们对生态系统服务的动态意愿支付结果,对政府制定相应的补偿标准,进一步构建生态补偿机制提供参考.  相似文献   

2.
文章以江苏省徐州市为例,探讨基于土地覆盖变化的城市生态系统服务价值评估时空比较、方法体系改进与完善。研究目的:(1)用货币化体现"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念的城市生态系统服务价值;(2)基于城市生态系统服务价值评估方法系列改进,提出包括资产核算指标体系在内的多种方法融合评估体系的构建与完善。研究得出:(1)徐州市研究区按生态功能强度调整后的生态服务价值2005年为19.33亿元,2015年为29.27亿元,2005~2015年增长51.42%;(2)按Meta回归分析的人口与经济增长因素调整后的2015年评估生态服务总价值为57.32亿元,而人口与经济增长因素2005~2015年的增长值为28.05亿元,其中森林22.60亿元、湿地0.53亿元、河湖水域4.92亿元。文章在论述了城市人工生态、自然生态相互交融的人工生态系统服务价值评估特点的基础上,揭示了土地覆盖的时空变化与价值评估之间的内在关联与发展规律。在丰富、拓展城市生态系统服务价值评估理论的同时,为城市生态系统服务价值评估及方法体系提供科学依据,突出了评估方法的改进与体系创新。文章最后提出推进评估规范化、科学化,以及完善基于生态系统服务价值分级分类评估的环境资产考核制度与相关政策建议。  相似文献   

3.
上海九段沙湿地国家级自然保护区是长江口受到人类干扰最少、生态系统相对处于原生状态的湿地,在分析九段沙湿地生态系统特征和服务基础上,构建了生态系统服务价值评估指标体系,利用上海市第二次湿地资源调查(2011—2013年)成果及其他数据资料,应用市场价值法、影子工程法、成果参数法等方法,评估了九段沙湿地生态系统服务价值,结果表明,九段沙湿地自然保护区生态系统服务总价值约409 638.92万元,单位面积价值为10.04万元/(hm~2·a),供水蓄水、大气净化、防风消浪等调节服务价值最高,分别占总服务价值的28.9%、25.9%、21.8%,对长江口海域资源环境及生物多样性保护等具有重要调节功能。  相似文献   

4.
西藏自治区生态效益评价对于西藏自治区生态系统以及生态补偿有重要意义。利用谢高地和Cost anza等提出的生态服务价值评估方法,结合西藏自治区的实际情况,形成了更加契合西藏自治区的生态系统服务价值当量表,定量分析了2009—2017年西藏自治区各生态系统以及各项生态服务的价值。结果显示,在研究期间,西藏自治区的生态服务价值约为61 736×108元/年;在各种类生态系统中,草地和森林对西藏自治区生态系统的总服务价值贡献最大;在各种生态性服务中,调节性服务所占的比重最大,其次是支持性服务,文化服务和资源供给性服务最小。  相似文献   

5.
中国西部生态脆弱区生态系统服务价值评估研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对中国生态系统服务功能价值存在系统化、层次化总结不够的问题,对西部生态脆弱区研究中应用生态系统服务价值评估方法的进展、前景与难点进行梳理总结。结果表明:西部生态脆弱区生态系统服务功能价值评估研究多采用参数借用评估模型,原因在于该类评估模型具有数据精度限制和模型简单易用的特点;对生态系统服务功能价值变化主导因素的研究趋于具体化,而县域小尺度的生态系统服务功能价值评估成为研究趋势;就时空差异性和生态系统异质性的表征状况而言,遥感定量测量模型更适用于西部生态脆弱区生态服务功能价值评估。  相似文献   

6.
[目的]通过系统梳理国内外生态系统服务价值的相关研究,总结与概括生态系统服务价值的评估方法与实现机制,以期反映最新研究进展并提出研究展望,促进生态系统服务的理论完善与实践应用。[方法]文章采用文献梳理及归纳总结方法,从生态系统服务的概念与内容、价值评估、价值实现机制三方面进行综述与讨论。[结果]当前学界对生态系统服务的概念与内容已基本达成共识,其价值评估的对象广泛、区域尺度多元,评估方法总体可分为价值量与物质量(或称货币与非货币)评估法;价值实现机制的探索旨在解决生态系统服务利用的外部性问题,从经济学、管理学等不同学科视角,基于交易市场类型、资金来源、补偿方式等属性提出多元实现模式。[结论]深化生态系统服务概念与内容研究、精准评估服务价值并促进评估结果的衔接使用、加大价值实现机制的案例研究,是该领域研究未来的发展方向。  相似文献   

7.
为评估太湖生态系统供水服务价值,以资金、劳动力、总用水量为自变量,以GDP为因变量,建立了太湖供水C-D生产函数。利用太湖下游地区苏州市1993-2007年统计资料,计算出2000年苏州市GDP单位供水价值为9.38元/m^3,并以此为扩大指标,评估出太湖生态系统供水服务价值为334.12亿元。  相似文献   

8.
围填海资源区具有多种重要的生态系统服务功能,对其服务功能进行评估是围填海资源合理开发的基础。本文通过选取典型围填海资源区为研究对象,进行研究区域生态系统类型和生态系统服务类型识别、判定,划分并确定了两者的对应关系。着重针对围填资源区提供的供给服务,调节服务和文化服务所属的具体10种服务,采用生态经济学理论和方法评估各项生态系统服务价值。在此基础上,初步构建包括资源数量、资源价值和资源开发程度在内的围填海资源潜力定量评估指标体系,给出初步的评价方法。  相似文献   

9.
基于生态服务价值的东江源区生态补偿标准研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用Costanza等对生态系统服务价值估算的原理,分析东江源区生态系统的主要服务功能,界定东江源区生态系统服务功能价值的补偿范围;在借鉴前人评估结果的基础上,完善东江源区生态系统服务价值评估,并计算补偿标准,为东江源区实施生态补偿提供理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
生态系统服务功能经济价值评价研究综述   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
文章论述了生态服务功能的内涵,介绍了国内外对生态服务功能及价值评价研究进展概况。分别对森林、草原、温地、农田、荒漠5个生态系统的服务功能分别进行评价指标研究综述,介绍了评价的价值理论、价植构成分析、生态经济5种评估方法。  相似文献   

11.
Many researchers have noted that not only natural ecosystems but also landscapes actively modified by humans (engineered or designed ecosystems) can significantly impact the level of ecosystem goods and availability of services, thereby impacting human and social welfare. In New Zealand, agricultural lands are the largest area of engineered ecosystems on the national landscape. Study of the welfare effects of ecosystem services delivered by agricultural land can provide important insights into the management of engineered or designed ecosystems. This paper uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) and choice modelling to estimate values of four key ecosystem services: climate regulation, water regulation, soil retention and scenic views, for New Zealand land used for arable farming.  相似文献   

12.
Land produces a range of benefits, from ecosystem services, but markets only incentivise the production of a small proportion of them. The Ecosystem Approach develops plans for moving towards a more optimal mix. This requires stakeholders to understand the value of ecosystem services and how these values change with land-use and management. We investigate whether process-based modelling and economic valuation can help stakeholders to do this. We do this by applying these tools to a plan to improve ecosystem services delivery in a catchment. To be used in decision-support, analytical approaches need to be relatively inexpensive and rapid, and our analysis was deliberately constrained in this way. Two 25-year future scenarios were developed and compared against a baseline scenario. The first Designated Site scenario was based on enhancing the condition of nationally important nature conservation sites. The second, Ecosystem Services scenario, represented implementing the ecosystem services delivery plan. We modelled the change between the scenarios with an internationally recognised process based ecosystem services toolkit (the Land Use Capability Indicator, LUCI tool) and used the model outputs to inform economic valuation methods. Our selection of which ecosystem services to model and value were initially identified through a participatory approach. However those we could quantify was limited by evidence and data availability. We assessed changes in water quality (phosphorus load), sediment generation, carbon storage and flood regulation. We were able to put economic values on only carbon sequestration and flood regulation. Both the modelling results and the experience of applying the linked modelling-valuation approach are examined in the discussion to consider the limitations to the current usefulness of linking process based modelling to economic valuation for informing land management policy. We explore the origin and nature of these limitations and the key bottlenecks that need to be overcome, applicable to its use in other sites, regions and countries. This includes the availability of suitable coefficients and/or underlying data/evidence to parameterise the model, and the compatibility of model outputs with available economic valuation evidence (for value transfer).  相似文献   

13.
岷江上游森林生态系统服务条件价值评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对岷江上游森林生态系统服务现状,采用条件价值评估法(CVM),以支付卡形式设计了374份调查问卷,调查了岷江流域居民对上游森林生态系统服务的支付意愿(WTP)。结果表明:岷江流域60.80%的居民家庭对岷江上游森林生态系统服务存在支付意愿,平均支付意愿为每户每年44.00元。按照岷江流域现有家庭数量计算,岷江上游森林生态系统服务价值每年是5 507.48×104元。利用二元Logistic模型,对支付意愿与个人社会经济变量进行了较为详尽的分析,并对影响居民支付意愿的主要因素作了环境经济学解释。  相似文献   

14.
The valuation of ecosystem services is intended to facilitate the rational and sustainable utilization of natural resources. However, calculating the values of natural resources is complex, and research is underway in this regard. The change of land use types can reflect the changes in the area of each ecosystem; therefore, in this study, land use changes in Yingkou (located in the south of Liaoning Province and an important port city) over a 10-year period (2004–2014) are assessed using a geographic information systems platform and the 2004, 2009 and 2014 Thematic Mapper remotely sensed images of the area. The Costanza calculation method and classification system are used to estimate changes in the total values of ecosystem services in the Yingkou area from 2004 to 2014 and to investigate the causes of these changes. The “change tendency” of particular ecological communities is calculated using the Variable coefficient, the Gini coefficient, and the Theil index. The results reveal the following: (i) The total value of ecosystem services in the Yingkou area decreased drastically (i.e., from $2567.60 million to $2127.26 million, representing a 17.2% decline) between 2004 and 2014. (ii) Aquatic ecosystem services are valued greater than terrestrial services. In Yingkou, a decline in the value of aquatic ecosystem services accounts for 88.6% of the total decrease in ecosystem service value. (iii) Land reclamation in the Yingkou urban area emerges as the primary factor influencing ecosystem service values for the various ecological communities in the region. The ecosystem service value of each ecological community is different, and the differences between the contributions made by the various communities to the total ecosystem services value are increasing over time. (iv) The decline in ecosystem service values in Yingkou is linked to urban development. Following widespread land reclamation, an increase in land area intended for urban construction is associated with a decrease in water area.  相似文献   

15.
主要介绍了城市森林生态系统固碳释氧功能及经济价值评估方法,并以中国第三个"国家森林城市"长沙市为实证分析,计算了长沙市城市森林生态系统固碳和释氧功能的经济价值分别约为27.12亿元/a和10.61亿元/a,固碳释氧总价值约为37.73亿元/a,最后做了进一步分析与对比。  相似文献   

16.
三峡库区(重庆段)森林水土保持服务功能价值研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以三峡库区重庆段为研究对象,采用机会成本法、影子工程法、替代工程费用法等研究方法,核算了三峡库区重庆段的森林水土保持服务功能价值。森林生态系统服务功能中的水土保持服务功能研究结果表明:三峡库区重庆段森林水土保持服务功能总价值为14.802亿元/a,其中减少土地损失的价值为203万元/a、减轻泥沙淤积的价值为1196万元/a、土壤肥力保持价值为14.662亿元/a。为正确的核算三峡库区绿色GDP提供一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

17.
The lack of robust evidence showing that hypothetical behavior directly maps into real actions remains a major concern for proponents of stated preference nonmarket valuation techniques. This article explores a new statistical approach to link actual and hypothetical statements. Using willingness-to-pay field data on individual bids from sealed-bid auctions for a $350 baseball card, our results are quite promising. Estimating a stochastic frontier regression model that makes use of data that any contingent valuation survey would obtain, we derive a bid function that is not statistically different from the bid function obtained from subjects in an actual auction. If other data can be calibrated similarly, this method holds significant promise since an appropriate calibration scheme, ex ante or ex post , can be invaluable to the policy maker that desires more accurate estimates of use and nonuse values for nonmarket goods and services.  相似文献   

18.
广州市流溪河流域白云区段生态系统服务价值   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分析了流溪河流域白云区段生态系统的景观变化和生态环境现状,依据该段的土地详查数据(1993年)及其土地利用变更调查数据(2001年末),引用Constanza等对全球生态系统服务单位公顷价值的平均估算结果,对流溪河流域白云区段生态系统服务价值进行评估;2001年流溪河流域白云区段生态系统服务的总价值为85190050.43美元,折合人民币70700.75万元,相当于该区域同期GDP的6.22%;由于存在一些影响核算结果准确性的因素,该结果是粗略与保守的估算。  相似文献   

19.
森林绿色核算中环境服务估价方法综述和比较   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
综述和比较了国内外森林绿色核算中的环境服务估价方法。指出:森林环境服务实际上是指森林的间接效益,主要包括森林生态效益和社会效益。联合国等在综合环境经济核算体系中推荐的森林环境服务估价方法主要为基于成本的估价法和基于损害/受益的估价法。不同的方法估算相同的环境服务项目,结果相差几倍到几十倍不等。因此,对于森林环境服务估价来说,选择科学的估价方法非常重要,并建议我国应采用联合国等推荐的方法进行环境服务估价。  相似文献   

20.
Our article considers the economic contributions of forest ecosystem services, using a case study from Flores, Indonesia, in which forest protection in upstream watersheds stabilize soil and hydrological flows in downstream farms. We focus on the demand for a weak complement to the ecosystem services—farm labor—and account for spatial dependence due to economic interactions, ecosystem processes, and data integration. The estimated models have theoretically expected properties across eight different specifications. We find strong evidence that forest ecosystem services provide economically substantive benefits to local people and that these services would be substantially undervalued if spatial dependence is ignored.  相似文献   

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