四川生态农业发展的思路与对策

生态农业是集可持续农业、农业产业化和农业现代化为一体的、“三位一体”的立体型农业发展模式。而四川作为中国的农业大省今后如何发展?本文通过分析四川农业生态环境及其存在的问题,提出了发展四川生态农业的基本思路和对策,并着重指出:发展的关键在于生态农业的建设和实现。     

可持续发展视角下生态农业经济的发展路径解析

在我国国民经济体系中,农业经济是其中一个重要组成部分.无论是农业经济的发展模式、发展方向和发展规模,都会对国民经济的发展和进步产生重要的影响.近年来,在可持续发展思路的指引下,我国农业经济的发展模式也被广泛的提及和关注.是延承原有的粗放型的经济发展模式,还是走集约化、生态化的道路,已经成为农民本身和农业部门十分关心的问题.而从长远看,为了实现农业的可持续发展,大力发展生态农业是明智的选择.基于此,本文对可持续发展视角下生态农业经济的发展路径进行分析,首先分析了生态农业的特点及其在农业经济可持续发展中的作用,然后对我国农业经济发展中存在的问题进行了讨论,最后从多个不同的层面给出了生态农业经济可供选择的发展路径.     

基于人工智能的智慧生态农业发展模式研究

随着社会的发展,人们的生态环保意识不断提升,并对各行业发展的可持续性提出了更高的要求。而在农业领域,由于很多农民群众的环境保护意识薄弱、文化水平不高,导致农业发展过程中存在污染严重和科技水平不高的问题,这对农业的可持续发展造成了巨大的影响。为了改善这种情况,需要相关领域对智慧生态农业发展模式加强研究,并对其进行有效的落实,以此来推动农业发展目标的实现。因此,本文对以人工智能为基础的智慧生态农业发展模式进行讨论,了解发展智慧生态农业的意义,明确智慧生态农业发展中的相关问题,并对强化智慧生态农业发展模式的具体措施进行探讨和描述,希望能够为相关工作的开展提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

黄河故道区农业生产模式研究——以聊城市为例

从区域开发的角度,对聊城市黄河故道区的环境特征、农业生产存在的问题等进行了分析,针对黄河故道区的环境特征及农业发展现状提出了:有机循环生态农业发展模式;生态观光农业发展模式;果—菜复合栽培农业生产模式等三种不同的农业生产模式构想,为黄河故道区农业可持续开发提供了依据。     

我国农业资源利用模式及增强可持续性的对策

从我国农业资源利用模式存在的问题入手,结合生态农业建设的经验教训,提出了农业资源可持续利用模式的方法框架,并以北京市大兴县为例,在京津冀平原大区域范围内建立了农业资源可持续利用模式层次结构,具体剖析了其中4种基层模式,由此,探讨了增强农业资源利用模式可持续性的对策。研究表明,农业资源可持续利用模式是深化我国生态农业创新、推动农业可持续发展的有效途径。     

我国生态农业经营模式创新

生态农业是我国加快转变农业发展方式的重要方向之一。推动生态农业发展,不仅在于提高技术效率、提供政府补贴,更要创新经营模式,形成基于市场的长效发展机制。2015年中央农村工作会议提出"产业融合"、"商业化运营"等理念,将经营模式创新作为破解农业发展难题的重要切入点,生态农业经营模式创新势在必行。本文分析了"农场-机构"计划、社区支持农业、预售制农业等生态农业主流经营模式的发展历程、基本特征、生态经济效益,提出推进生态农业一二三产业融合发展、规范生态农业标准和生态农产品认证、强化生态农业经营模式创新的人才支撑等我国生态农业发展策略。     

青岛市生态农业的研究

本文分析了青岛市生态农业的基本概况,指出耕地面积日益减少、农民务农积极性下降、农业面源污染加剧、农业生态旅游管理混乱等为制约青岛市生态农业可持续发展的主要因素。确定"四位一体"模式、观光农业模式、绿色渔业模式、农业生态园区模式、龙头企业带动模式等为青岛市生态农业建设发展模式及重点领域,并对今后青岛市生态农业的发展提出了对策建议。     

珠江三角洲的生态农业发展研究--以中山市为例

探讨了珠江三角洲（以中山市为例）生态农业发展的现状与问题。认为近年来中山市生态农业建设的成效是显著的,生态农业基地的建设及生态旅游农业的发展有效地带动了全市各地生态农业的全面发展;在分析了中山市生态农业发展的优势和存在的问题的基础上,提出了解决生态农业存在问题的对策。     

建设生态农业促进农业经济发展探析

农业经济的发展和生态环境休戚相关，然而粗放式的农业经济发展方式消耗了大量生态资源，导致生态环境遭到破坏，因此迫切需要建设生态农业以推动农业经济长期持久发展。文章分析了建设生态农业促进农业经济发展的必要性，剖析了建设生态农业以促进农业经济发展实践中存在的现实问题，并提出全面认知生态农业、发挥生态农业功效、培育生态农业人才等具体举措，以期为生态农业建设者提供有价值的借鉴和参考，从而实现生态农业对农业经济持久发展的有力推动。     

天津市发展循环型农业的基本思路和主要模式探讨

循环型农业是推动天津农业可持续发展的有效途径。本文剖析了天津市农业中存在的问题,根据天津农业的产业现状提出了投入减量化、废弃物资源化、生态农业、循环型农产品加工等农业循环经济的基本发展思路,根据天津市发展沿海都市型农业的目标和定位,提出了适合天津不同区域的农业循环经济模式。     

Exchange rates and foreign direct investment: theoretical models and empirical evidence*

Over the past decades, growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) has stimulated significant attempts at developing theories that explain this trend. One line of this research explores the relationship between exchange rates and FDI. There is no consensus about the nature of this relationship in either the theoretical or empirical work. In this article, we critically appraise this body of work, and find the theoretical studies to be making ground in exploring the complexities of FDI, but the empirical evidence to be constrained by data problems.     

Contracting and Farmers’ Perception of Unfair Trading Practices in the EU Dairy Sector

It is commonly asserted that unfair trading practices (UTPs) emerge largely as a result of contract incompleteness. In line with this view it is claimed that making contracts more complete will represent an antidote to UTPs. In this paper we argue that this does not need to be the case. This is because contracts, except for their potential to increase the surplus generated in the transaction, determine how this surplus will be divided. This, in turn, makes it possible for both trading partners to use contractual terms to turn the distributional conflict to their advantage. In the presence of unequal distribution of bargaining power this may lead to a situation in which the stronger party may succeed in tilting the contract in its favour by including UTPs in the contract content. Drawing insights from data collected in 2017 through a field survey among dairy farmers in France, Germany, Poland and Spain, we find support for this argument. Our estimation results show that contract completeness increases the likelihood of farmers reporting that their contracts with processors include the practices that may be considered as UTPs. Further, and also in line with this argument, contract completeness does not seem to affect UTPs during the contract execution or its termination.     

Decomposing the Value of Agricultural Multifunctionality: Combining Contingent Valuation and the Analytical Hierarchy Process

Agricultural multifunctionality is the recognition of the joint exercise of economic, environmental and social functions by this sector. Nevertheless, not all these contributions to society are valued in markets, moreover a large share of them are public goods. For this reason, in order to make this concept of multifunctionality operative for the design of public policies, it is necessary to estimate the social demand of such functions. The objective of this article was to implement an empirical application along these lines. For this purpose, the agricultural system of cereal steppes in Tierra de Campos in Spain is taken as a case study. The economic valuation technique used relies on a combined implementation of contingent valuation and the analytical hierarchy process. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of a significant demand for the different attributes included in the multifunctionality concept, although this demand is heterogeneous and is based on the socioeconomic characteristics of individual persons.     

中国耕地利用变化与城市化发展关系综述

研究目的：综述中国耕地利用变化与城市化发展关系的研究成果。研究方法：文献回顾法,归纳法,比较法。研究结果：（1）耕地利用变化与城市化之间的内在机制和基本规律既有争议也有共识。（2）该领域的研究广度和深度急需拓展。研究结论：提出了未来研究展望及一些重要研究层面。     

Innovation level and local development of EU regions. A new assessment approach

The main purpose of the study is to present a new approach to comparing EU regions according to their level of innovation. For many years, different organizations have published reports related to the innovation level of EU countries and regions. Usually, taxonomic methods are used to measure development in this area. The main disadvantage of this approach is that it offers an assessment of EU innovation level based only on the mean, while the main goal of this kind of analysis should include an assessment of results compatibility obtained in different areas constituting a composite measure. For this purpose, a different procedure based on the multi-criteria taxonomic method is proposed. In this method, the innovation level of every object (in the paper, EU regions) is assessed using results obtained in every group of indicators taken into account for this purpose. This means that EU regions can be divided into groups according their level of innovation in all considered areas, not only according to their mean value of development. This is the basic advantage of this type of analysis. An added value of the considerations presented in the paper is the possibility of obtaining supplementary information about the internal structure of the innovation of socio-economic objects. It should be emphasized that such analysis is a new approach to this kind of assessment. The results are especially relevant to associations such as the European Union, in which internal cohesion is one of its strategic developmental goals.     

澳大利亚常规油气行业现状及行业特点分析——高收益行业的高风险挑战

澳大利亚常规油气行业中天然气在资源储量、供需、进出口方面呈现乐观的开发前景,而石油行业则一直呈下滑趋势。澳大利亚油气行业的优势和机遇：油气资源储量丰富且地理位置优越;现任政府支持能源行业发展;行业成熟且享有巨额利润空间;优质的投资环境。劣势和挑战：石油产业对外依存度越来越高;基础设施缺失影响东海岸油气供给;多项外部影响压榨利润空间;美国廉价天然气长期来讲将对市场形成冲击。投资策略：（1）分析价格走势、关注汇率利息;（2）把握亚太市场、提前锁定长协;（3）好社区工作、取得环境审批;（4）利用规模效益、严格控制成本。     

松嫩平原湖泊湿地植物群落多样性及其保护研究

松嫩平原湖泊群是我国温带亚湿润地区低平原湖泊群,湖泊面积2750km2,湖泊率6%,是我国湖泊密度最大的地区之一,湖泊类型多样,有高等植物148种,隶属于38科77属;有16种植物群落,分属于挺水植物群落、浮叶植物群落、沉水植物群落、漂浮植物群落四大类;研究了松嫩平原湖泊湿地植物群落多样性现状,提出了生物多样性的保护对策;提出了相关的嫩平原湖泊湿地植物群落多样性保护对策。     

明溪县林业可持续发展的途径分析

本文在明确明溪县林业可持续发展定位的前提下,提出了实现这一定位的途径方法:以市场为导向,资源为基础,科技为手段,充分发挥林业从业人员的聪明才智。     

油茶加工小作坊经营模式的分析——以湖南省为例

文章以湖南省油茶加工小作坊实地调研为依据,运用参与式调查和典型调查的方法,概述了现有两种经营模式的油茶加工小作坊生产经营条件、经营效益及其存在的问题,并利用SWOT分析方法对两种经营模式的油茶加工小作坊进行了分析,在此基础上探讨了油茶加工小作坊在油茶加工产业中的地位及其作用。     

'Sowing the Seeds of Their Own Destruction': Southern Planters, State Policy and the Market, 1933–1975

In this article, I examine the relationship between class, state and market. I analyse the process of class transformation, tracing the demise of the Southern planters. Scholars analysing the retrenchment of US agricultural policy in the 1970s frequently overlook the profound influence that this class segment had on the agricultural policy of price supports and production controls. Yet, this policy of supply management contributed to the transformation of the plantation–tenant system in the South. This transformation created an opportunity for the emergence of the civil rights movement, which further weakened the Southern planters and allowed for changes in agricultural policy. The retrenchment of agricultural policy between 1950 and 1975, then, must be understood in light of this process of class transformation.