怎样确保4亿亩按期落地

##正##"十二五"期间要建设4亿亩高标准基本农田,这对国土系统来说是个硬任务。硬任务就要有硬措施。2012年土地整治工作要以加快土地整治规划编制实施、加快4亿亩高标准农田建设为重点,以土地整治重大工程、示范建设和高标准基本农田示范县建设为抓手,强化实施监管,强化耕地质量建设,全面推进土地整治工作迈上新台阶。建设4亿亩高标准基本农田是国家粮食安全的需要。去年粮食产量达到了5.7亿     

统一概念为土地整治保驾护航

●伴随着土地整治管理体制的变迁和土地整治内涵外延的不断拓展,土地整治的概念在不断发生变化●只有统一概念,凝聚共识,才能达到统筹规划、统一标准、整合资金、整体推进的目的十余年来,我国的土地整治走过了不平凡的发展历程。从管理体制看,按照"把权力和责任放下去、把服务和监管抓起来"的思路,逐步形成了"部级监管、省级负总责、市县组织实施"的管理格局,集中统一、全面全程的监测监管体系初步建立。与此同时,土地整治本身也在发生深刻变化:在范     

基于恢复力理论的“土地整治+生态”框架模型

研究目的:将恢复力思维引入土地整治,构建"土地整治+生态"概念模型,设计土地整治中恢复力建设路径,为新时代土地整治理论创新开拓新方向和基础。研究方法:文献综合分析法和逻辑推理法。研究结果:(1)土地整治的对象是一个社会生态复合系统,土地整治离不开恢复力思维,如系统性、动态性、适应性和持续性等。土地整治需要考虑系统的多尺度效应、阈值效应、适应性管理、可持续发展等;(2)恢复力的建设可作为土地整治的新目标,恢复力理论可作为生态型土地整治的理论基础;(3)实现"土地整治+生态"模式,需要在土地整治的调查、评价、规划、设计、监管全过程开展理论与技术创新,融入恢复力理论的基本观点和方法。研究结论:恢复力思维是新时代生态型土地整治的核心理念之一,恢复力理论可为"土地整治+生态"模式提供认识论基础和方法论工具。     

土地整治重大工程项目建设监测管理系统的设计与实现

研究目的:通过信息化手段对已批复的土地整治重大工程项目建设情况进行动态监测和预警。研究方法:系统分析法、软件工程与系统开发。研究结果:从建设一体化监管信息平台出发,构建了"中央→省级→县(区)级"动态监测管理系统。研究结论:通过系统建设,实现了对重大工程项目实施状态、建设目标完成、工程进展、资金下达与使用、阶段验收等情况的动态、全面掌握,为强化监管目标、提高监管效率、有针对性地组织实施核查提供重要的技术支撑。     

土地整治,怎样考核

土地整治绩效评价是根据设定的绩效目标,通过选取评价指标、确定评价标准,以及运用一定的评价方法,对专项资金的分配使用及其安排项目的实施管理、建设成效等进行的综合性评价,旨在更好地实现土地整治目标,持续改善土地整治运行管理手段,建立健全激励约束机制,不断提高土地整治能力和专项资金使用绩效,促进资金管理的规范化、科学化.对于土地整治而言,如何在引入绩效评价概念的同时,进一步拓展和丰富内涵,切实发挥绩效评价的功用,使其成为推动和强化土地整治实施监管的有效手段,值得深入研究和思考.     

浅议高标准基本农田建设信息备案机制

<正>自2009年土地整治项目实行统一报备制度以来,各地开展的各级各类土地整治项目均需向农村土地整治监测监管系统进行备案。2013年国务院发布的《全国高标准农田建设总体规划》也明确提出要加强动态监测,将高标准农田建设信息及时、全面、准确录入监测监管系统。高标准基本农田建设相关信息在农村土地整治监测监管系统中的动态备案,为各级国土资源部门加强全方位监测监管和决策提供了重要的信息支持。     

全域土地整治的“反规划”思路探讨

为应对资源承载趋紧、生态环境约束大和粮食安全等问题,以及生态文明建设、城乡一体化战略发展需求,全域整治成为土地整治内涵功能变化新的特征,也是指导土地整治实践的重要思想和亟待深化探索的重要举措。文章从全域土地整治概念出发,运用文献整理及归纳推理的研究方法,分析了全域土地整治突出全地域空间和综合部署的重要性,详细阐述了"反规划"理念对全域土地整治的指导借鉴作用和关注重点,提出了"反规划"理念下全域整治的目标、途径和方法流程。研究指出,全域土地整治应采用逆向规划方法,通过对全域土地系统与景观生态过程的整体诊断,优先建设生态基础设施,然后确定土地整治的工程建设目标和内容,维护土地生态系统的完整性。该文所阐释的通过反规划途径来营造健康土地环境目的的全域土地整治思路,可为深化土地整治探索,推动我国土地整治向景观生态型土地整治转变提供理论参考。     

土地整治务求“三精”

土地整治是盘活存量土地,强化集约用地,提升土地产能和最大限度地补充耕地,保证辖区内耕地总量动态平衡,实现土地利用效益最大化的重要手段;也是"促进经济社会发展与土地资源利用相协调"的有效举措;更是真正达到"占补平衡",保障建设用地需求的明智选择。因此,各地土地整治工作热情高涨,干劲倍增,已形成了一股前所未有的"土地整治     

土地整治功能分区及其整治方向研究

[目的]土地整治的目标开始由注重"新增耕地"向注重"区域功能"转变,土地整治内涵由此得到延伸。同时,也迫切需要推进以提升区域功能为导向的土地整治分区研究。[方法]文章针对我国土地整治分区管理的需求,基于我国地理环境的背景差异及地域功能的定位、土地整治内涵的演变,运用要素加权叠加法、空间聚类分析法和专家经验判断法与区划对比分析法等开展土地整治功能分区。[结果]该文构建并提出了以功能导向为核心的土地整治分区体系和方案,将我国土地整治按地域功能划分为:(1)以生态修复、保护和建设为主的生态功能保育区,(2)以基本农田建设、农地开发整理、提高区域耕地的生产能力为主的粮食安全保障功能区,(3)以城乡用地统筹整治、城市用地内部挖掘为主的经济发展支持功能区,(4)以划定保护区、保护性建设为主的景观文化维护功能区等4种类型区,进一步结合东北平原区、华北平原区、黄土高原区等12个地理空间单元,组合为61个土地整治功能一级分区。在此基础上,评价一级功能区内各县域单元土地整治功能,识别出景观文化维护功能、粮食安全保障功能、生态建设功能、生态保护功能、城镇发展优化功能和城镇发展集聚功能,续分土地整治功能二级分区即各县域的土地整治功能。[结论]基于功能导向的土地整治分区反映了区域功能及其关系对土地整治分区的引导作用,为分区管控和引导提供了科学依据,这对提升区域功能和加强土地利用功能的联系和互动起到重要的作用。     

科学谋划“十三五”全国土地整治工作

<正>土地整治是优化土地利用结构、促进耕地保护、提高节约集约用地水平的重要手段,是统筹经济社会发展和土地资源保护、落实最严格土地管理制度的重要举措。全国土地整治规划主要制定我国土地整治的方针政策和总体目标,是开展一切土地整治活动的基本依据和行动指南,是落实全国国土规划战略布局和细化土地利用总体规划安排的实施性规划。"十三五"全国土地整治的基本思路适应现代农业发展的需求。"十三五"期间,因生态退耕、农业结构调整、建设占用等因素,预     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。