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1.
土地利用变化曰益成为土地资源研究的重点,而土地利用格局及其变化的研究对于生态环境、土地利用等方面具有重要意义。“3S”技术具有很强的空间数据的获取、分析和处理能力,这为研究提供了强有力的支撑。本文从信息源、工具与载体、空间定位等三个方面综述“3S”技术在土地利用格局研究中的应用情况,并分析在应用中的优缺点。最后,对“3S”技术在土地利用格局研究中的应用提出建议和展望。  相似文献   

2.
广义立体土地资源资产价值研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究目的:通过对土地概念演进分析,指出土地资源资产不仅有广义和狭义之分,而且有平面与立体之别,其土地资源资产价值必然表现出广义立体价值形态。研究方法基于对土地资源资产概念在理论与实践中认识的深化,应用资源经济学和生态经济学方法,对广义立体土地资源资产价值进行理论分析。研究结论广义立体土地资源资产价值的提出和应用有利于合理增加供给,抑制过度需求,调节供需矛盾:有利于提高土地资源资产利用的效率和集约度;有利于农地的保护:有利于将资源资产纳入国民经济核算体系,有利于对土地资源资产实施系统管理。  相似文献   

3.
研究目的:对2016年国内外土地工程与技术研究现状进行梳理,展望了2017年国内研究趋势,为土地科学进一步研究提供借鉴。研究方法:归纳分析法,文献资料综述法。研究结果:2016年土地工程与技术研究主要集中在土地测量、土地信息技术、土地整治工程等方面。研究结论:推进土地信息技术的创新与应用、深化农村土地综合整治技术、加强矿区土地复垦的技术工艺及相关新设备研究等将是2016年及未来土地工程与技术领域着重研究的方向。  相似文献   

4.
研究目的:归纳分析2016年国内外土地管理领域的研究进展,展望研究趋势。研究方法:文献统计法。研究结果:2016年土地管理领域国外研究侧重于土地制度改革及其所产生的政治、经济、生态效应,土地法律与政策的作用效力及效应,土地权属与登记等方面;国内研究则更多关注农村土地制度改革、不动产登记成果整合应用、自然资源资产管理理论及成果应用、土地市场监管与土地财政影响、“三权分置”法律关系界定、集体土地所有权立法及集体成员资格界定、土地用途管制与耕地保护制度等相关问题。研究结论:2016年土地管理领域在不动产登记与自然资源资产管理、土地市场监管与调控以及土地用途管制方面的研究有所进展;2017年将重点关注土地管理制度改革、不动产统一登记制度的推进与完善、自然资源资产管理体制建设、土地及房地产市场调控,乃至农村土地市场的管理与调控、土地法律体系改革等方面。  相似文献   

5.
研究目的:构建村级土地利用规划技术体系。研究方法:归纳综合法。研究结果:村级土地利用规划技术应关注土地调查与监测、土地评价、土地预测与模拟、土地利用规划等技术以及村级土地利用规划标准的研究。研究结论:一是加强新农村建设中的土地管理关键技术研究;二是开展多学科、多领域合作研究,推进形成集成创新成果;三是加强成果示范和推广,推动科技成果的应用与转化;四是以村级土地利用规划技术研究促进土地利用规划学科建设。  相似文献   

6.
研究目的:归纳分析2022年国内外土地管理领域研究进展,展望研究趋势。研究方法:文献研究法。研究结果:2022年,国内土地管理领域研究主要涉及土地管理制度与法律的应用理论问题,并对具体的实践应用展开了深入探讨;国外重点关注城市住房市场管理、土地生态保护制度等问题;关于农村土地产权制度保障、土地管理视域下政府与市场的协同以及耕地保护与粮食安全等问题是国内外研究一致关注的重点。研究结论:2022年土地管理研究紧扣理论问题与实践需求,在探索土地治理的制度和法律改革方面取得了一定进展,但未来仍需进一步把握国家重大战略需求,加强从不同学科交叉视角进行理论解释和创新。2023年将重点关注土地管理内在规律的基础理论研究、中国式现代化视域下的土地治理体系探究、自然资源资产所有权委托代理和统一确权登记改革、国土空间用途管制的体制与机制、土地绿色开发利用与生态保护制度、耕地保护制度与粮食安全等议题。  相似文献   

7.
城镇土地利用潜力评价方法研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
研究目的:研究合理的城镇土地利用潜力评价方法。研究方法:分析城镇土地利用状况及潜力指标的内涵、关系,设计土地利用状况描述的4元组模型、单项潜力评价的指标增量模型,综合潜力评价的分析模型及城镇土地利用潜力评价的技术流程,并对基于加权距离的指标空间聚类、基于用地依赖的功能分区聚类、应用叠置法划分潜力评价单元、土地潜力分级与挖潜改造决策等关键环节进行阐述。研究结果:研究方法能保证评价过程透明和评价结果科学,在实践应用中得到验证。  相似文献   

8.
基于客户/服务器体系的土地管理信息系统   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过一个基于客户/服务器体系的土地管理信息系统的研究,探讨了客户/服务器技术在土地部门的应用及发展前景,并且根据土地部门的业务特点,提出了“土地服务器”和“土地客户机”的概念,以区别通常意义上的“服务器”与“客户机”。  相似文献   

9.
土地业务全程管理模式研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
研究目的:对土地业务全程管理模式进行分析,为土地业务全程管理提供实施思路。研究方法:经验分析法。研究结果:土地业务全程管理是国土资源信息化逐渐向协同应用发展的必然结果,在对土地业务全程管理内涵分析的基础上,从业务模型、数据模型和运行模型三个方面提出了构建土地业务全程管理模式的方案。研究结论:提出的实施方案对于改善现状、加强土地业务全程管理模式的建立是有益的。  相似文献   

10.
土地利用规划中土地利用空间结构和布局研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
土地利用空间结构和布局是土地利用规划工作中的关键所在,是决定土地利用规划是否科学合理的重要步骤;开展土地利用空间结构和布局优化研究有利于促进土地资源利用的集约高效,有利于新一轮的土地利用规划修编的编制和实施;综述了目前我国土地利用空间布局相关理论的研究进展,回顾了土地利用空间布局所采取的主要技术和手段,对我国土地利用空间结构和布局研究进行了展望;研究表明:我国土地利用空间布局理论研究有了长足进展,但还未形成严密的科学理论体系;在研究视角上,多注重耕地和基本农田保护,在“统筹兼顾”“以人为本”“理性发展”等方面应加强;在研究方法上,应加强现代数学模型与计算机空间模拟等方法在土地利用规划布局中的应用研究,加强参与式土地利用规划理论和方法研究,与传统的规划研究方法和手段相结合,形成客观、准确、科学的土地利用规划技术体系。  相似文献   

11.
The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.  相似文献   

12.
Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.  相似文献   

13.
The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.  相似文献   

14.
China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.  相似文献   

15.
In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.  相似文献   

16.
This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.  相似文献   

17.
The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.  相似文献   

18.
This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.  相似文献   

19.
Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m3), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.  相似文献   

20.
This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.  相似文献   

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