青海省城镇等级规模结构分形研究

运用分形理论,通过测算2006年青海省城镇体系等级规模分布的分维值并且结合城市首位律的分析,得出青海省城镇体系等级规模结构具有分形特征,并在此基础上分析了青海省城镇体系等级规模结构分布的原因,为青海省城镇体系等级规模结构的优化提出相关的对策。     

重庆市城镇体系规模等级结构经济分析

本文运用分形理论,通过测算重庆市城镇体系规模等级分布的分维值,并结合城市首位律分析,发现重庆市城镇体系规模等级结构具有分形特征,满足位序-规模分布规律。并在此基础上分析重庆市城镇体系规模等级结构分布的原因,为重庆市城镇体系等级规模结构优化发展提出相关对策。     

基于加权Voronoi图的县级城镇经济区划分研究

县级城镇经济区的划分可为城乡统筹发展提供决策依据。本文通过构建中心城镇综合实力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法测算各中心城镇中心性强度,基于城市扩展断裂点理论,利用加权Voronoi图生态各中心城镇综合影响力范围,并依据各中心城镇综合影响力划分各经济区。     

陕西城市职能结构与综合等级分析

本文分八大职能分析阵陕西城市体系的职能等级结构；利用模糊聚类分析方法，划分了城市的综合等级层次；分析了各城市的主导性优势职能。根据城市体系职能发展、等级分异的特点及问题，提出了陕西城市体系进而完善的发展设想。     

江西省中心城市格局研究

利用计算城市流强度的方法来划分江西省中心城市规模等级体系,得出江西省中心城市规模等级体系中的4个层次的城市,通过计算过程中对于结果的分析,证实利用城市流强度来划分城市规模等级体系是一种切实有效的科学方法。     

基于分形理论对武汉城市圈城市体系的研究

运用分形理论对武汉城市圈城市体系等级规模结构和空间结构做了定量分析。研究结果表明,武汉城市圈城镇等级规模分形维数D为0.7233,小于1,这说明武汉城市圈城镇规模等级结构较为分散,属于典型的首位分布类型,城镇体系发育不成熟。而城镇空间关联维数D=0.8499,小于1,这表明武汉城市圈城镇体系内各城市间联系紧密,分布高度集中于一地。本文在分析武汉城市圈城市体系的等级结构和空间结构的基础上,提出了可行性建议。     

辽宁省城镇体系分形研究

运用分形模型,从规模等级和空间结构两方面对辽宁省城镇体系进行了实证研究。等级规模方面,计算了城市首位度指数、城市规模分形分布的分维数,并讨论了辽宁省城镇体系的规模等级结构及其特点;空间结构方面,运用分形理论的关联维数进行分析,得出当前辽宁省城镇体系总体特征:城镇规模分布比较集中,人口分布较均衡,城镇体系等级规模发育较为成熟;城镇体系的空间分布比较均匀,城市分布呈现条带状的特点。     

市域城镇体系空间布局研究——以河南平顶山为例

城镇体系的空间结构研究是人文地理学研究的重要方向。城镇体系的空间结构是否合理,对区域经济的发展有一定作用。文章采用定性分析与定量分析相结合的研究方法,对平顶山市域城镇体系规模等级、地域空间结构、市域经济发展水平等现状进行分析,通过运用断裂点公式对平顶山市域中心城市辐射影响范围进行定量计算,剖析平顶山市域城镇体系存在如下问题:城镇体系人口规模等级差异大,城镇化率基础好于全省平均水平,城镇化水平发展不平衡,城镇体系空间结构状态非均衡等。根据研究区域情况,对平顶山市域城镇体系进行布局构想,即打造叶平宝鲁一体化核心区为引领,加强3个卫星城市的发展为带动,做好小城镇的生态建设,完善市域交通网络建设,推进产业集聚区的建设,建立起一个等级清晰、核心突出、职能明确的"一心三卫三层"网络型城镇体系。     

济南都市圈城市体系规模等级结构与区域经济联系强度分析

基于济南都市圈近年来的统计资料,构建节点规模的系统性指标、经济联系强度模型等,结合主成分分析、回归分析、分形理论,明确济南都市圈城市体系规模等级结构与区域经济联系强度的特征。结果表明:城市的规模等级差异体现出交通指向性;城市规模分布集中,高位次城市规模不是很突出,中小城市比较发育,城市的综合得分分布比较均匀。区域经济联系强度的空间分布呈现出以济南、淄博为核心双星状,经济联系强度的分形特征体现出经济链强度分布差异程度较大的特点。最后,为优化济南都市圈,提出相关建议。     

陕西城市建设与城市体系发展研究

采用定量和定性分析相结合的方法，对陕西城市化水平，城市体系地域空间结构、规模等级结构、职能结构，各城市综合发展水平，城市基础环境，以及存在问题进行了分析。在此基础上，从城市发展方针、目标、新设城市、加强大中城市建设、加强一个城市带和四个城市集中分布区建设几个方面，提出了今后陕西城市体系发展的基本思路。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。