中国地方政府土地租税收入变化对城市建设用地扩张的影响

研究目的:考察地方政府土地租税收入与城市建设用地扩张之间的相互影响。研究方法:以中国大陆1990—2013年的地方政府土地收入和建设用地数据进行实证检验,根据协整理论建立向量误差修正模型。研究结果:耕地占用税和国有土地使用权有偿出让收入与城市建设用地扩张具有长期均衡关系,土地租税收入具有促进城市建设用地扩张作用,其中土地出让收入是城市建设用地扩张的主要影响因素,地方政府土地租税收益分成的提高对城市建设用地扩张起到推动作用,建设用地变化仅与耕地占用税收入存在长期的双向因果关系。研究结论:地方政府的土地财政模式具有不可持续性,耕地占用税制度产生反向政策响应,合理调整土地财税体制和盘活存量土地才是地方政府经营城市土地的关键。     

基于面板数据的省域建设用地扩张驱动机制分析

为探明我国及东、中和西部地区建设用地扩张驱动因素作用机制,本文利用我国的29个省份1999-2013年数据,运用空间计量模型方法对建设用地扩张与驱动因素间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:1整体上看,人口、经济增长和固定资产投资与建设用地扩张体现为趋同效应,而产业结构调整有利于减少建设用地投入,反映地区差异政策的虚拟变量有利于促进建设用地扩张;2分区域来看,人口、经济增长和固定资产投资的作用均为正向,产业结构调整有利于东部地区减少建设用地投入,而对于中部和西部地区将促进建设用地扩张,反映政策变迁的虚拟变量对中部地区建设用地的扩张产生正向显著影响。最后,提出了东、中、西部地区差异化的对策建议为合理引导建设用地扩张提供参考。     

乌鲁木齐市城市化对土地利用结构的影响

利用乌鲁木齐市近年来的相关统计数据,分析了该市城市发展、土地利用结构变化情况、城市化对土地利用结构的影响.结果表明:乌鲁木齐市已进入城市化快速发展的关键期,产业结构逐步趋向合理,农用地向建设用地转化迅速,城市化对土地利用结构产生了有利与不利的影响,因此应该采取调整产业结构、制定城市空间发展战略、充分利用地下空间、建立土地利用动态监测与土地利用结构预警系统等措施促进土地利用结构变化与城市化协调发展.     

基于DSR的城乡结合部建设用地扩张机理研究

通过DSR研究框架,并将广西柳州市城乡结合部建设用地扩张的状态、驱动力和调控融入系统中进行综合分析,认为柳州市城乡结合部建设用地扩张的影响因素主要有政策与规划、人口与城市化水平、经济发展水平三个方面,用DSR模型将这三个因素与建设用地增长的关系表达出来,可将三个因素的作用方式分为促进建设用地增长、限制建设用地增长和促进建设用地集约利用等三种类型.     

我国特大城市用地扩张的驱动力分析

总结出1990年代以来我国特大城市用地扩张的3个特点：一为特大城市数量和用地总量持续增加，用地增速与城市化发展速度不协调；二为特大城市人均用地呈波动变化，市均用地则持续增加；三为特大城市用地结构中国林绿地和铺装道路面积明显增长；分析了影响我国特大城市用地扩张的驱动力因素有人口增长、经济发展、城市环境改善和社会因素等，通过逐步回归分析方法得出影响我国特大城市用地扩张的主要驱动力是人口增长和年末实有铕装道路面积的增长；为了今后能够合理有效地利用城市土地，有关部门应该积极采取相关政策来合理控制城市用地扩张的速度。     

城镇化背景下我国耕地的中长期预测

本文分析了中国耕地资源变化的现状;利用人口—耕地模型对中国耕地的中长期变化进行了预测;利用模型对各项建设用地的扩张和占用耕地情况进行了预测;对耕地的各项变更进行了预测。主要结论有耕地减少速度近中期较快,长期转缓;建设用地的扩张和占用耕地的数量取决于总人口的发展和城镇化的进程;建设占地将成为未来耕地减少的主要项目。提出应建立和实施严格的土地普查和管理制度,提高城市土地的利用效率和城郊农业的土地生产效率,提高耕地的质量水平,加强可持续发展规划以实现对土地资源的合理利用。     

盘活存量建设用地 控制新增建设用地

近年来，江苏省涟水县国土资源局在县委、县政府的领导下，科学规划，挖掘城镇存量土地，有效地控制了城市的外延扩张，提高了土地利用率，促进了城市化建设和工业化发展。1.从源头抓起，立足存量，充分发挥规划的宏观调控作用。认真编制县乡两级土地利用总体规划和城市建设规划，充分发挥土地在经济建设中的宏观调控作用。一是以供给制约和引导需求。首先保证国家和省重点项目用地需求，同时合理安排城市基础设施建设，科学规划工业用地。二是合理安排城乡居民点用地。通过调整城镇居民用地结构和整合农村居民点用地，到2020年可以腾出土地…     

城市建设用地规模预测方法与应用研究

合理确定城市用地规模,是衡量城市理性发展的重要依据。将灰色关联度引入城市建设用地的预测中,通过对双因素理论模型进行改进,建立建设用地规模的预测模型,通过对哈尔滨市2010年以及2020年城市建设用地规模进行预测,得知哈尔滨市的建设用地规模将会急剧扩张,这样势必会占用宝贵的耕地。抑制用地规模急剧扩张的势头,应采取挖掘城市存量土地的潜力,注重城市内涵发展,正确处理保护耕地与城市发展的关系,在加强土地用途管制的同时增加规划控制的灵活性与弹性。     

新疆产业结构优化对土地需求的影响分析

通过分析新疆产业结构和土地资源利用状况,运用数理统计方法分析了影响新疆产业对土地需求变化的驱动力,并采用定量与定性相结合的方法描述了三次产业产值比重和用地比重的变化趋势,最后,提出了保障土地资源利用与产业结构和谐发展的建议,对调整新疆产业结构和优化土地利用结构具有一定参考价值和指导意义.     

城镇化背景下江苏省建设用地扩张时空特征研究

建设用地是城市发展的重要载体，城镇化的发展必然导致建设用地的扩张，分析建设用地扩张特征对于区域土地利用结构优化具有重要意义。本研究以江苏省为例，利用江苏省2005年至2020年的土地利用数据，从建设用地扩张速度、扩张强度两方面对建设用地扩张时间特征进行分析；通过构建标准差椭圆得出建设用地重心，从建设用地重心迁移距离、重心迁移方向、重心迁移速率等方面对建设用地扩张空间特征进行分析。最后提出江苏省土地利用结构优化的对策建议，研究成果为区域土地利用规划提供积极的参考作用。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。