中国农业产业化龙头企业发展特点、问题及发展思路

农业产业化龙头企业是农业产业化发展最重要的带动主体,如何有效推动其在"十四五"期间提质增效是亟待解决的重要问题。本文基于全国59384家农业产业化龙头企业的监测数据,对中国农业产业化龙头企业的发展特点和主要问题进行了呈现与分析,并提出农业产业化龙头企业在"十四五"规划中的发展思路。研究发现:当前中国农业产业化龙头企业已成为农业产业化经营的"火车头",具有社会责任突出、地区差异化发展等特点。但目前仍存在产业结构单一、加工程度低、产业链条短、融资渠道窄、数量规模大但经济效益低、研发投入程度低、品牌认证少和经营管理滞后等矛盾与局限。研究认为,在"十四五"规划中,农业产业化龙头企业需着力实现产业结构多元化构建全产业链。政府应加大龙头企业融资扶持力度,鼓励龙头企业加大研发投入,积极引导龙头企业树立品牌战略,多方面提高龙头企业家素质,从而加快发展乡村产业,促进乡村全面振兴。     

农业产业化:国家级、兵团级重点龙头企业监测情况分析

加强对重点龙头企业的引导和服务,实行定期监测、动态管理是引导农业产业化经营健康发展,壮大兵团农业产业化龙头企业的重要途径之一。该文主要就近期兵团范围内的国家级、兵团级重点龙头企业监测工作的基本情况、龙头企业的发展运行情况以及存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了加强对兵团重点龙头企业的指导、扶持和服务,充分发挥龙头带动作用,促进兵团农业产业化的持续、健康发展的对策措施。     

新型农业经营主体产业化发展的困境与对策研究

产业化是新型农业经营主体发展的必然趋势,也是实现乡村振兴的必然选择。当前,我国以农业龙头企业、家庭农场等为代表的新型农业经营主体在发展过程中仍然存在产业人才匮乏,农业保险、农科科技等配套产业发展缓慢等诸多问题。因此,应加大人才引进、培养力度,促进相关配套产业发展,不断提高新型农业经营主体产业化发展的规范化水平。     

中小龙头企业发展的困境与出路

从当前我国农业产业化经营的实践来看,除少数重点龙头企业外,更多的是中小龙头企业在带动农户、增加农民收入、推广农业技术、调整农村经济结构方面发挥着重要作用。而中小龙头企业发展却面临着规模偏小、与农户联结松散、资金短缺、科技含量低、缺乏有力的政策支持等困境。只有推动企业兼并重组,建立合理的联结方式,拓宽融资渠道,提高科技含量,狠抓标准化生产,加大政策扶持力度,中小龙头企业才能真正找到出路。     

农业、农业产业化与农发行信贷支持策略

为推进农业产业化龙头企业做大做强,2012年3月国务院专门发布了《关于支持农业产业化龙头企业发展的意见》,并指出:"农业发展银行、进出口银行等政策性金融机构要加强信贷结构调整,在各自业务范围内采取授信等多种形式,加大对龙头企业固定资产投资、农产品收购的支持力度。"这是国家对农业产业化的总体规划,是对农发行有效支持产业化龙头企业     

农三师垦区甘草产业化发展初探

兵团农三师垦区范围内有着丰富的野生胀果甘草资源,通过走产业化发展的路子,把优势资源转化成为良好的经济效益,并实现其与社会效益和生态效益的统一。本文主要就甘草产业化发展的有利条件与产业化发展的不利因素等进行了分析,并提出了科学管理抚育,凸显资源优势、扶持龙头企业,带动产业发展、加大科技投入,提升竞争实力、开发新产品,延长产业链、打造品牌,开拓市场和加大人工种植力度,实现可持续发展的对策建议。     

关于发展农业产业化的探索

积极推进农业产业化经营,提高农民进入市场的组织化程度和农业综合效益,是新世纪新阶段农业结构战略性调整的重要举措。壮大龙头企业是发展农业产业化经营的关键,健全利益分配机制是推进农业产业化的动力,充分发挥政府职能是促进农业产业化经营的保障。本文从壮大龙头企业、完善利益分配机制和加大政府支持力度三方面做了分析和研究,对指导农业产业化经营具有重要意义。     

对兵团农业产业化龙头企业政策性“融窘”的思考

农业龙头企业是兵团农业产业化深化发展的首要环节,也是启动资金需求量最大的环节。由于西部市场经济调节的滞后性和兵团金融市场的不完善,兵团农业企业的融资面临着各类窘状。通过总结,针对性地从金融主体定位、支持范畴以及企业发展等角度做出思考。     

关于兵团推进农业产业化经营有关问题的探讨

农业产业化经营是促进农业结构战略性调整的重要途经,是提高农业效益、增加农业市场竞争力、增加农民收入的有效举措。本文主要就兵团农业产业化经营现状及存在的主要问题及兵团推进农业产业化经营的优势等进行了分析,并提出进一步解放思想,更新观念,不断提高对推行农业产业化重要意义的认识;以市场为导向,加快垦区及农场经济的战略性调整,发挥垦区区域优势,培育主导产业和商品基地;加大对龙头企业和职工合作经济组织的扶持力度,在抓“龙头”企业组建产业集团上要有新的突破;要建立和完善产品产业化运行机制和监督约束机制;理顺利益关系,不断完善产业化经营的利益连接机制和加强领导,完善各种服务体系,积极扶持农业产业化健康发展等具体建议。     

关于新形势下农业产业化发展问题的思考--以河南省漯河市为例

本文以漯河市农业产业化发展状况为背景,分析了目前农业产业化发展中存在的主要制约因素,提出了打造龙头企业核心竞争力、加大政府扶持力度、完善龙头企业与农民利益联结机制、创新龙头企业融资方式以及完善龙头企业公司治理机制、提高法人素质等一系列政策措施与建议。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.