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1.
四十多年来,我国矿产事业取得了长足的进展,成就巨大,但当前我国矿产资源面临着十分严峻的局面,本文从现今国外主要金属矿产资源的勘查态势,介绍了国外固体矿产勘查经验和巨型矿床发现历史的四大特点;继而阐述了金属矿产基础理论研究的四个重要发展态势;最后列举我国主要金属矿产攻关科研取得的重要进展,并对开展金属矿产资源勘查研究提出了几项思考与建议。  相似文献   

2.
四十多年来,我国矿产事业取得了长足的进展,成就巨大,但当前我国矿产资源面临着十分严峻的局面,本文从现今国外主要金属矿产资源的勘查态势,介绍了国外固体矿产勘查经验和巨型矿床发现历史的四大特点;继而阐述了金属矿产基础理论研究的四个重要发展态势;最后列举我国主要金属矿产攻关科研取得的重要进展,并对开展金属矿产资源勘查研究提出了几项思考与建议。  相似文献   

3.
目前熏我国已探明的矿产资源约占世界总量的12%居世界第3位。人均占有量较少,仅为世界人均占有量的58%,居世界第53位。截至1998年底中国已发现171种矿产,占世界发现矿种的绝大部分。探明有资源总量的矿种有155种。其中押能源矿产8种,金属矿产54种,非金属矿产90种,水气矿产3种。钨、锡、钼、锑、稀土、萤石、重晶石等矿产资源总量居世界前列。石油、天然气、铀、铁、锰、铬、铜、铝土矿、金、银、硫、钾盐等矿产的资源总量占世界总量的比例较低。根据预测,中国石油、富铁、富锰、铜、铬、钾等矿产资源在相当长的时期内国内难以满足需求。(摘…  相似文献   

4.
南方离子型稀土矿产地质勘查规范修订建议   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
南方离子型稀土矿是我国特有的富含中重稀土元素的矿产资源,在矿床成因、矿石质量、采选工艺等方面独具特色。随着南方离子型稀土矿产的勘查、开发实践,针对该类型矿产的勘查手段、评价指标、采矿方法、选矿工艺等逐渐成熟,加之生态环保要求的不断提高,该类矿产的经济技术指标均发生深刻变化,现行《稀土矿产地质勘查规范》已无法全面指导南方离子型稀土矿产的勘查、评价工作。根据多年南方离子型稀土矿产方面的生产实践和认识,文章在评价对象、勘查阶段、勘查手段、岩芯样品保存、资源储量计算、底板类型和性质、原地浸矿工艺的适用条件等方面,对现行《稀土矿产地质勘查规范》提出了修订建议。  相似文献   

5.
矿产资源的保证程度评价是矿产资源安全评价的重要组成部分.文章运用矿产资源需求预测和保证度评价模型,评价湖北省矿产资源对"十二五"经济发展的保证程度,认为:湖北省能源矿产缺乏,主要金属矿产处于基本保障的水平,非金属矿产是湖北省的优势矿产,处于充分保障的水平.因此,湖北省应加强资源勘查,增加储量;发挥市场对资源配置作用,建立开放的资源供应体系;同时依靠科技和管理提升矿产资源开发利用的效率和水平,提高重要矿产资源对经济发展的保证程度.  相似文献   

6.
文章以1999-2005年的非油气矿产勘查的相关统计数据为基础,从勘查和采矿许可证发放、勘查投资、矿业权交易三个方面对我国非油气商业性矿产勘查的地区发展进行分析、探讨。经分析总结:能源矿产的勘查与开采由东部、西部地区逐渐移向中、西部地区;金属的勘查与开采项目早期集中在东部、西部地区;近年中部地区矿产勘查、开采增长迅速,三地区金属矿产的勘查、开采活动比重趋近。中部地区继东部、西部之后成为勘查投资的集中区。东部、中部、西部地区矿业权交易数量和交易规模增长迅速,我国矿业权市场交易日趋活跃。  相似文献   

7.
详细介绍了新疆五种优势金属矿产资源,同时阐述了新疆的7种远景矿产资源,已知的43种金属矿产,又加能源矿产8种,非金属矿产84种,地下水3种,表明新疆矿产资源十分丰富,潜力巨大,资源配套齐全,真可谓富甲天下。  相似文献   

8.
自2009年以来,美国针对稀土开展了大量研究,出台了系列政策举措。先后开展了DOE—NETL稀土回收可行性计划和地球填图倡议等,研发经济、环保地从煤炭和煤基资源中提取、回收稀土的技术方法,利用先进的地质填图、航空遥感和地形测量技术,加强国内稀土资源调查;制定系列政策措施,确保稀土等关键矿产的安全可靠供给。中国作为稀土储量大国、生产大国,需要贯彻落实习近平生态文明思想,制定关键矿产相关战略,构建资源利用新格局,促进稀土产业的高质量发展,进一步加强稀土资源地质调查,加强科技创新,推动矿业绿色发展,确保国家资源安全。  相似文献   

9.
我国是矿产资源生产大国和消费大国,重要矿产资源进口规模不断增长,石油和天然气供需缺口持续扩大,大宗金属矿产消费规模维持在高位水平且多数呈供不应求态势,战略性矿产产量基本稳定或有所增长,但供不应求的矛盾依然突出。我国重要矿产资源供需形势面临能源需求总量大且消费结构不合理、矿产资源供应难以满足经济社会发展需求等问题,需要通过有序推进能源替代、优化矿产资源产业布局、强化"一带一路"建设中的矿业治理元素等矿产资源供需保障措施,进一步提高资源安全保障程度。  相似文献   

10.
关键矿产是对国家经济和安全至关重要的矿产或矿产材料。2019年6月,美国商务部发布《确保关键矿产安全可靠供应的联邦战略》,包括6项行动、24项目标和61项建议。该战略体现了美国集中全力确保关键矿产稳定供给的决心,显示了美国在关键矿产问题上重新审视资源保障与环境保护之间的关系,推进了从关键矿产勘查到开发利用的重大政策调整,包括加强地质填图、修订规划流程、优先考虑矿产勘查的准入、缩短审批时间等方面。因此,我国也应高度重视关键矿产的开发利用,通过加强战略规划、关键矿产目录、形势分析与预警、生态经济技术评价、矿业科技创新、信息开发利用等方面的制度建设,确保关键矿产的安全稳定供应。  相似文献   

11.
The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.  相似文献   

12.
Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.  相似文献   

13.
China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.  相似文献   

14.
The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.  相似文献   

15.
In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.  相似文献   

16.
Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.  相似文献   

17.
This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.  相似文献   

18.
The paper outlines EU policy on bioenergy, including biofuels, in the context of its policy initiatives to promote renewable energy to combat greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The EU’s Member States are responsible for implementing EU policy: thus, the UK’s Renewables Obligation on electricity suppliers and its Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation and road‐fuel tax rebates are examined. It is unlikely that EU policy is in conflict with the WTO Agreement on Agriculture or that on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, but its provisions on environmental sustainability criteria could be problematic.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the environmental protection policies of by Cameroonian firms on their performance. It uses the endogenous switching regression technique and propensity scores applied to micro-data from 639 firms in Cameroon. The results show that only 17% of firms adopt these measures, while on average 85% of firms produce solid, gaseous or liquid waste. The results also indicate that the adoption of these environmental protection policies increases operating costs while significantly improving the turnover and the performance of the productive capacity of the company. These increases are 39.11%, 58.6%, and 38.63% for operating costs, turnover and return on productive capacity of the company, respectively. However, firms can also suffer significant losses resulting from the non-adoption of environmental policies. In fact, firms that do not adopt environmental protection policies have their performance reduced by an average of 1.625 percentage points.  相似文献   

20.
The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.  相似文献   

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