农民用水户协会的灰色层次综合评价

以灰色系统理论与层次分析法为理论基础,构建了农民用水户协会综合评价方法。该方法运用层次分析法确定各指标权重,根据灰色系统理论量化定性指标,综合考虑协会组建状况、协会运行状况、渠系工程状况和协会带来效益等因素,对用水户协会进行综合评价。以安徽省肥西县为例,应用该方法对肥西县农民用水户协会进行综合评价,评价结果为良好。     

城市地表集中式水源地管理风险评价

基于压力-状态-响应模型,通过专家咨询法和主成分分析法构建城市地表集中式水源地管理风险评价指标体系。采用层次分析法与熵权法分别确定水源地管理风险评价指标的主、客观权重,并计算组合权重,基于灰色评估与模糊综合评价理论,建立组合赋权-灰色模糊综合风险评价模型。选择南京市长江八卦洲(左汊)上坝水源地进行实例分析,计算得到其管理风险值为0.4118,属于一般风险度;针对存在的风险,提出了加快应急水源地建设、完善水源地应急保障体系和促进水源地监测系统建设等风险防控措施。     

基于博弈论组合赋权-TOPSIS模型的排水权分配研究

在借鉴水权、排污权等稀缺资源分配方法和分配指标构建的基础上,运用协同学理论对排水系统进行机理分析,并遵循公平、效率、可持续发展的原则确定影响指标,通过博弈论集合模型将序关系分析法确定的主观权重和熵权法确定的客观权重进行组合优化,最终构建了博弈论组合赋权-TOPSIS的排水权分配模型。以苏南运河排水权分配作为分析案例,并将该模型分配结果与序关系分析-TOPSIS模型和熵权-TOPSIS模型分配结果进行对比。结果表明:基于博弈论组合赋权-TOPSIS的排水权分配模型具有可行性、合理性;排水权分配是自然、社会、经济系统协调发展的结果,其中降雨状况和社会水利建设、历史灾害损失等对排水权分配有较大影响;排水权分配结果按照分配额大小依次为常州、无锡、苏州、镇江。     

基于粗糙集理论的乳制品质量链可靠性分析

根据当今乳制品行业背景提出乳制品质量链模型,在可靠性理论的基础上,利用粗糙集属性约简删除冗余指标,并用粗糙集理论中的属性重要度原理确定各指标权重,采用线性加权法得到综合评价结果,最后结合W公司乳制品质量链实例进行分析,并与专家评分进行对比,证明了文章所述方法的有效性。     

呼包鄂能源-经济-环境系统协调发展评价

呼和浩特包头鄂尔多斯城市群已经成为内蒙古经济增长的火车头和助推器,其一体化发展备受专家学者的关注,而呼包鄂城市群中研究各市能源-经济-环境系统协调发展的较少。通过构建能源-经济-环境系统协调发展评价指标体系,收集整理2006—2013年呼包鄂各市的指标值,采用熵值法确定各指标权重并分别求出呼包鄂三市能源、经济和环境各子系统的综合评价值,再利用耦合协调度模型对能源-经济-环境系统的协调发展水平做出评价,并运用灰色模型GM(1,1)预测未来5年能源经济环境系统的协调发展状况。结果表明:2006—2013年,能源和环境子系统评价值包头最高,其次是呼和浩特,鄂尔多斯最差;经济子系统评价值呼和浩特最高,包头次之,鄂尔多斯最差。2014—2018年,能源-经济、能源-环境、经济-环境、能源-经济-环境系统耦合协调度均表现为包头最高,其次是呼和浩特,鄂尔多斯最差。     

成都市可持续发展综合评估研究

通过隶属函数对成都市可持续发展指标体系的各指标进行了归一化处理,用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,用加权法求得成都市1995-2003年经济、社会和环境的可持续指数.并以此为基础构建了城市可持续发展综合评价模型,提出了水平指数、持续指数、协调指数,对成都1995-2003年城市可持续发展的状况进行了综合评估.     

基于灰色多层次模型的河流综合功能评价

在分析河流功能内涵及分类的基础上,从河流自然功能、生态功能、社会功能和灾害性能四方面构建河流综合功能评价指标体系。以河流综合功能评价指标体系为基础,采用层次分析法、改进的熵权法分别确定各个指标主、客观权重并经线性组合后确定综合权重,建立改进的灰色多层次评价模型。将河流综合功能评价指标体系和改进的灰色多层次评价模型应用于柏条河综合功能评价中,评价结果表明柏条河综合功能优良,与实际情况相符。由此论证了改进的灰色多层次评价模型能够综合主、客观赋权的优劣,并充分考虑各指标之间关系不明确等信息,具有较强的可靠性和实用性。     

能源矿产资源产权价值确定与补偿机制探讨

鉴于能源矿产资源产权价值确定的重要意义以及价值确定的特点,文章从研究能源矿产资源产权价值确定的主要影响因素出发,对能源矿产资源产权价值确定的相关理论与方法进行了简单分析,构建出一个具有可操作性的能源矿产资源产权价值确定方法与价值确定模型框架.同时,对能源矿产资源产权价值补偿机制问题进行了初步探讨,提出了基于可持续发展与区域协调意义的价值理论.     

重庆市农村扶贫开发与生态环境保护协调模型设计与评价

本文以重庆市为例,在考虑数据指标的可靠性和综合性的基础上,构建了重庆市农村扶贫开发与生态环境保护复合系统指标体系;采用模糊数学方法,对每个数据指标进行标准化处理;使用专家评价法和两两指标对比法来确定指标权重;在模型的构建上,采用了相对指标模型和绝对指标模型相结合、数据指标与图形指标相结合的办法,对重庆市农村扶贫开发与生态环境保护的协调状况进行综合评价。     

国有林区政府公共服务绩效评估指标设计研究——以黑龙江国有林区政府为例

以黑龙江国有林区为例,在基于对国内外相关文献研究的基础上,提出了黑龙江国有林区政府公共服务绩效评估指标构建的理论框架。依据在黑龙江国有林区的实地调研经验,利用关键绩效指标法(KPI)对评估指标进行了具体筛选,并通过运用层次分析法计算出各指标权重。利用综合指数模型对所构建的指标体系进行了实证应用,以期构建出较为科学和完善的黑龙江国有林区政府公共服务绩效评估指标体系,并对其他国有林区政府公共服务绩效评估指标构建予以有益参考。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.