京津冀一体化战略中城市郊区乡村景观建设策略探究

京津冀唇齿相依,通过城市郊区乡村景观规划建设,对于促进该地区城市郊区土地资源的合理开发和利用,缓解该地区大气污染和推动可持续发展具有重要意义。加快城市郊区的乡村景观建设,已经成为京津冀协同发展战略中的一项重要任务。论述了京津冀一体化战略中城市郊区乡村景观建设策略。     

森林城市建设对大气质量的影响

在梳理森林城市的概念和生态服务功能的基础上,文章回顾了近年来京津冀的大气质量变化趋势,以及在森林城市建设方面的基本情况。以2002～2016年京津冀地区13个地级市(直辖市)的面板数据作为研究样本,基于STIRPAT模型的理论框架,实证分析了森林城市的发展对减少城市雾霾污染的作用。研究结果表明,衡量森林城市特征的园林绿地面积、绿化覆盖面积和城市维护建设投入均能显著降低城市PM2.5浓度。另外,人口密度、地区经济发展水平、产业结构和技术创新均会对PM2.5浓度产生不同程度的显著影响。提出,京津冀城市群的协调发展中,应进一步加强森林城市建设,提升城市的绿色生态空间和生态质量,进而提升城市的大气质量。     

京津冀城市群空间格局现状及优化策略

京津冀协同发展作为国家战略对三地意义重大。以北京为核心的世界级城市群建设是有序疏解北京非首都功能、促进京津冀协调发展和形成新的增长极的有效抓手。京津冀城市群建设的核心是北京,而关键则在河北。因为京津冀城市群综合实力的提高是京津冀地区实现共同发展的前提。本文在分析京津冀城市群中河北省城市空间格局现状基础上,对河北省城市空间优化提出对策。     

日本首都圈建设经验对京津冀城市协同发展的启示

京津冀协同发展是参与国际分工和提升国际竞争力的客观要求,意义十分重大。为此,本次着重分析了京津冀城市协同发展的现状,学习与借鉴了日本首都圈城市建设的宝贵经验,并结合京津冀区域发展实际提出了参考对策,以为该区域城市群的打造及经济协同发展提供理论支持。     

京津冀养老服务体系协同构建设计

京津冀地区已经处于人口老龄化急剧加速和迅速发展阶段,养老服务体系发展滞后问题凸显,现实的机遇是京津冀协同发展被提到国家战略地位上来。本文在京津冀协同发展的框架下,通过分析三地各自的难点和优势,探索京津冀协同构建养老服务体系的可行性,并提出初步的养老服务体系设计框架。     

土地利用经济效益耦合协调度及空间差异研究——以京津冀地区为例

[目的]以土地投入、产出为基础,分析京津冀地区13个城市的土地利用经济效益的空间相关性和异质性,为土地利用方式的调整提供科学参考。[方法]通过构建土地利用经济效益指标体系,运用熵值法测算土地利用经济效益值,并通过耦合协调度模型和空间分析法对京津冀土地利用经济效益空间差异进行了初步探讨。[结果](1)京津冀整体土地利用经济效益耦合协调度较低,耦合协调平均值为0.425,属于濒临失调衰退类型,并且各城市之间发展不平衡;(2)京津冀地区土地利用经济效益全局空间自相关指数Moran's I为0.217 928,表现出显著的空间集聚形态;(3)京津冀地区土地利用经济效益空间差异主要受区位优势、产业结构等影响,京津冀3地仅有北京、天津2个城市处于协调发展状态,河北省整体都处于失调衰退状态。[结论]根据区域土地利用经济效益的空间分异特点,应制定差异化策略,从而提高土地利用经济效益。     

京津冀一体化背景下港口群发展竞合分析

京津冀一体化和协同发展已成为京津冀地区乃至全国经济发展的新的着力点。京津冀港口承担着京津冀地区国内外运输及商业往来的重要任务,是重要的对外窗口。京津冀地区港口各自具有独特的比较优势,但也存在体制落后、重复建设等诸多弊病。借鉴国外港口群发展经验,依托各港口具有的优势进行合理分工以及协同发展,不仅可以促进京津冀地区产业升级和转型,而且可以最大限度地节约资源,从而推动经济持续稳定发展。     

从中关村、滨海新区、曹妃甸工业区看京津冀未来

京津冀三省市作为国家"十一五"规划中被确定的已形成城市群发展格局的三大区域之一,如何加强城市群内各城市的分工协作和优势互补,增强城市群的整体竞争力,发挥对周边广大地区的带动和辐射作用,长期以来一直是大家十分关心的问题。令人欣喜的是,经过改革开放以来近30年的充分竞争,京津冀地区在制造业发展方面已经形成或正在形成的三个最大亮点——中关村科技园区、滨海新区和曹妃甸工业区,它们似乎昭示着京津冀这个世界级城市群的未来。     

京津冀地区永久基本农田管理探讨

正中共中央制定的《京津冀协同发展规划纲要》,核心是有序疏解北京非首都功能,要在京津冀交通一体化、生态环境保护、产业升级转移等重点领域率先取得突破。京津冀协同发展战略的提出对土地管理部门来说,既是机遇也是挑战。协同战略的出台可以为土地管理部门探索空间的协同发展、推进区域发展体制机制创新提供指导,但各行业部门之间、耕地保护与城市发展之间冲突等问题也逐渐显现。京津冀永久基本农田划定情况按照国家要求,京津冀地区严格落实"划足、     

京津冀港口群互动协调发展建议

改革开放三十多年来,京津冀地区港口发展取得了显著成就。但是,由于缺少协同发展的顶层设计和总体规划,京津冀地区港口存在严重的重复建设和资源浪费现象。在此背景下,妥善处理港口合理分工以及协同发展的障碍,对稳步推进京津冀地区经济一体化进程尤为重要。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.     

Developments in the Doha Round and WTO dispute settlement: some implications for EU agricultural policy

Progress in the Doha Round is assessed against the changes tothe common agricultural policy (CAP) brought about by the Fischlerreforms of 2003–2004, and that proposed for sugar. Anelimination of export subsidies could place EU exports of processedfoods at a competitive disadvantage because of high sugar andmilk prices. Provided the single payment scheme falls withinthe green box, the likely new limits on domestic support shouldnot be problematic for the post-Fischler CAP. However, an ambitiousmarket access package could open up EU markets and bring pressurefor further reform. If there is no Doha agreement, existingprovisions will continue to apply, but without the protectionof the Peace Clause; and increased litigation is likely. FurtherCAP reform is to be expected.