东北地区饲料加工业发展的问题及对策

饲料产业是联系着种植业、养殖业、畜产品加工业和消费的综合性产业体系,发展饲料产业有着显著的经济效益和社会效益。饲料加工业是饲料产业的主体,20世纪70年代中后期以来,东北地区的饲料加工业从无到有,尤其是近些年来发展迅速,已经初步建成了完整的饲料生产、销售、研发体系,从企业的数量和规模、加工生产的综合情况和产能状况方面都取得了显著的成绩。但是该产业的发展也面临着小规模分散经营、检测和监督体系不健全、科技创新能力不强、产品质量存在隐患等问题。因此,如何针对问题进行分析、对症下药是促进东北地区饲料加工业发展的关键。文章通过对东北地区饲料产业存在问题的深入分析,提出了提高行业准入标准、加强生产过程监管、加大政府扶持和资金投入力度、坚持技术创新、完善上下游饲料产业的经营合作关系以及加大兼并重组力度的对策建议。     

中国玉米产业链研究——以吉林省为例

本文以吉林省为例，应用产业链管理和产业经济学理论，将玉米产业链分成生产链、加工链、流通链和需求链进行分析，探讨了吉林省玉米产业链条脱节、加工链核心地位不强和流通链效率不高的问题，并在此基础上，提出制定玉米产业化发展方略。在保证国家粮食安全的前提下，大力发展畜牧业及畜产品加工业，适度发展玉米深加工业，提升玉米加工链的核心地位；提高农业产业化水平，促进产供销优化组合；加强市场建设，完善流通体系等政策建议。     

浅谈当前牧区动物防疫中存在的问题及对策

在我国动物防疫工作存在着基础免疫密度不高，免疫效价低，免疫经费不足，免疫队伍整体素质不高。养殖水平低，农牧民防疫观念差等诸多问题。加强防疫体系建设，建立动物防疫长效机制，提高重大动物疫病的防控能力是解决防疫工作的重点。     

我国饲料工业的现状、问题与对策

饲料工业是养殖业的基础。平均每年以25％的高速度发展。其基本现状是集团化和产业化程度进一步提高，地区阍、企业间差异扩大，饲料产品质量稳定，饲料及其相幕产吊在国际市场上的竞争力进一步提高。存在的问题是，原料日益短缺，产业链条脆弱，利率低，行业自律性差，无序竞争严重，标准化体系和质管体系不健全，区域间等。要妥善地解决这些问题，须采取以下对策：①大力开发非常规饲料资源，解决人畜平衡，地方保护主义严重，信息化水平低等。要妥善地解决这些问题，须采取以下对策：①大力开发非常规饲料资源，解决人畜争粮矛盾。②向兢模化、专业化方向发展。③加大投入，提高产品科技含量。④加快标准化进程。⑤加强饲料中添加剂管理。⑥建立完善的信息库。     

农产品加工产业发展对脱贫攻坚的推动作用分析——以神池县为例

农产品加工业对脱贫和促进农民持续增收有很好的推动作用。分析神池县加工业现状可知,当地加工业已初具规模,产业基础良好,但存在产业链延伸程度不深、产业化水平不高、品牌影响力不足等问题。针对问题,提出要通过扶贫政策营造良好环境;加强农产品加工原料的生产基地建设;加强创新和技术转化,延长产业链;不断完善加工产品的流通环节;提升农产品质量安全的同时大力发展区域品牌等措施,最终实现神池县农产品加工产业的提档升级,带动农民脱贫致富。     

甘肃武威蔬菜产业可持续发展现状与对策分析

武威市是甘肃省重要的蔬菜产区,蔬菜产业是武威市农业和农村经济发展的支柱产业.本文从武威市的比较优势出发,就武威市蔬菜产业发展现状、存在问题、发展优势进行了全面分析,提出了武威市蔬菜产业发展的对策.搞好无公害蔬菜示范园基地建设;扶持优质种苗繁育体系建设;加大贮藏及加工设施建设;完善信息网络体系建设;加快配套基础设施建设;推行标准化生产,提升产品质量;加强营销体系建设,拓宽市场销售渠道;发展壮大龙头企业,建立利益共享机制.     

广西优势水产品发展现状与对策

本文总结了广西优势水产品发展的现状，分析了存在的优势水产品养殖种苗自给不足、优势水产品原料生产严重滞后于加工出口的需求、出口备案养殖场建设滞后、金融部门对优势产品产业化发展的扶持滞后等问题，提出了做大做强优势水产业的对策：加强原良种体系建设，扩大规模养殖基地建设，提高组织化生产、产业化经营水平，加强出口养殖备案管理，扩大出口养殖备案场建设，大力招商引资、积极开展对外合作与交流等。     

农村集体产权制度改革问题探析

文章介绍了农村集体产权制度改革清产核资及成员界定、股份合作制改革以及农村集体产权制度改革完成情况。改革中存在的问题包括：对农村集体产权制度改革认识不到位，行动迟缓；有关法律制度不健全，与改革相配套的法律政策滞后，农村集体经济合作社的正常运行不及时；集体经济薄弱，资产经营管理水平不高；村级集体经济发展不平衡，改革成效不明显；基层人才严重不足，农村干部政治意识和市场化意识不强，经营管理水平不高。基于此，要进一步提高人们的思想认识，加大农村集体产权制度改革宣传贯彻力度，完善各项制度建设和运行流程，提升农村集体资产经营管理效能，多措并举发展壮大集体经济，全面加强农经体系建设和基层队伍建设。     

梅州现代农业发展力促“四个转变”

近几年来，梅州市针对农业投入不足、基础设施比较薄弱、农业产业化程度不高、精深加工少、现代农业产业体系建设不完善、农民增收较困难等制约现代农业发展的瓶颈问题，在市委、市政府的高度重视下，结合实际，科学定位，发挥优势，开拓思路，增加投入，现代农业发展取得了长足的进步，粮食生产连年丰收，八大主导产业基地不断壮大，农业产业化水平不断提高，农业名牌产品不断涌现，梅州市正加快朝着发展成为广东省重要的优质粮食、高端植物油、优质果蔬生产供应基地迈进。概括起来就是力促“四个转变”。     

2015年罗非鱼产业发展趋势分析

论文主要从苗种生产、成鱼生产、产品加工和市场贸易等四个主要环节总结了2014年罗非鱼产业的生产现状和存在问题,着重分析了2015年罗非鱼产业发展趋势,提出了规范苗种生产、推广健康养殖、研发专用饲料、重视病害防控、加强产品质检、探讨活鱼运输、加强企业联合、推动国际认证、发展电子商务等产业发展建议。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.     

Developments in the Doha Round and WTO dispute settlement: some implications for EU agricultural policy

Progress in the Doha Round is assessed against the changes tothe common agricultural policy (CAP) brought about by the Fischlerreforms of 2003–2004, and that proposed for sugar. Anelimination of export subsidies could place EU exports of processedfoods at a competitive disadvantage because of high sugar andmilk prices. Provided the single payment scheme falls withinthe green box, the likely new limits on domestic support shouldnot be problematic for the post-Fischler CAP. However, an ambitiousmarket access package could open up EU markets and bring pressurefor further reform. If there is no Doha agreement, existingprovisions will continue to apply, but without the protectionof the Peace Clause; and increased litigation is likely. FurtherCAP reform is to be expected.