不同类型建设用地扩张的时序及空间特征——加速失效模型在静海区的应用

研究目的：分析城市扩展中交通用地、商住用地和工业用地扩张的时序特征、空间关系以及扩张时点的影响因素。研究方法：农地—建设用地转换最优时机理论；加速失效模型。研究结果：（1）不同类型建设用地在扩张过程中具有相互关联的时序和空间特征；（2）静海区交通用地引导了其他建设用地扩张的方向，而不同级别交通用地由于对建设用地和农用地影响的差异，加快或延缓了建设用地扩张的时机；（3）商住和工业用地在200— 400 m 范围内相互集聚，且商住用地产生的集聚效应强于工业用地。研究结论：细化建设用地类型以分析城市扩张的特征和机制，有助于城市扩展区的布局优化和集约发展。     

大庆城市建设用地演变及驱动力研究

研究大庆城市建设用地演变对于促进大庆新型城镇化发展、推动哈大齐工业走廊建设都具有重要意义。选取大庆市2000、2005、2010、2015年4个时间节点的Landsat 8的遥感影像,依托ENVI、Arcgis、91卫图技术处理4期城市建设用地数据,并结合《中国城市统计年鉴》的城市建设用地统计数据进行校正。研究发现,大庆市15年间城市土地扩展方式从单一方向到多方位演变,且以外延式扩展为主,"摊大饼"特征比较明显。城市主要扩展方向经历了"北拓、东移、南进"的空间转变过程。其城市建设用地演变主要受国家和地方政策影响,此外还受经济发展、人口增加、交通基础设施建设等多种因素影响。     

不同类型建设用地扩张的时序及空间特征——加速失效模型在天津市静海区的应用

研究目的:分析城市扩展中交通用地、商住用地和工业用地扩张的时序特征、空间关系以及扩张时点的影响因素。研究方法:农地—建设用地转换最优时机理论;加速失效模型。研究结果:(1)不同类型建设用地在扩张过程中具有相互关联的时序和空间特征;(2)静海区交通用地引导了其他建设用地扩张的方向,而不同级别交通用地由于对建设用地和农用地影响的差异,加快或延缓了建设用地扩张的时机;(3)商住和工业用地在200—400 m范围内相互集聚,且商住用地产生的集聚效应强于工业用地。研究结论:细化建设用地类型以分析城市扩张的特征和机制,有助于城市扩展区的布局优化和集约发展。     

中国省会城市紧凑程度综合评价

研究目的：基于“紧凑城市”的理念，利用城市建设用地、城市居住用地及工业 — 商业 — 交通用地、人口密度和城市密度4组变量揭示近10年来中国城市土地利用和人口增长态势，并以城市密度的形式对省会城市之间的土地利用和人口发展进行比较分析。研究方法：文献资料法、实证分析法。研究结果：中国省会城市建设用地、居住用地、工业 — 商业 — 交通用地扩张速度惊人，中国省会城市基本上处于工业导向型城市发展阶段。省会城市建设用地人口密度、城市居住人口密度呈下降趋势，城市用地增长速度快于城市人口增长速度。研究结论：结合城市建设用地和城市人口密度，可以将中国省会城市按照特性分为三类，但城市紧凑程度的多样性可能与很多因素相关，未来的研究需要引入更多的变量。     

土地出让后续管理模式——以浙江省杭州市为例

房地产开发用地需全程合同化管理城市房地产开发用地，是指在城市范围内进行房地产开发和经营的土地。具体而言，是指房地产开发企业依据国家法律规定在取得土地使用权后，进行投资开发建设基础设施和房屋的国有土地。从广义上讲，一切基础设施和房屋建设用地都是房地产开发用地。我国《城市房地产管理法》第２条第款明确规定：“本法所称房地产开发，是指在依据本法取得国有土地使用权的土地上进行基础设施、房屋建设的行为。”依据这一规定，房地产开发用地包括两类用地，即基础设施建设用地和房屋建设用地。由于房地产开发商依法获得国有…     

西宁市城市用地时空扩展研究

根据西宁市1985-2009年的城市用地情况,分别用城市扩展强度和扩展速度指标分析各阶段城市用地扩展特征,利用城市扩展图分析近24 a来城市的主要扩展方向,同时利用扩展弹性系数对用地扩展合理性进行分析.结果表明:城市用地规模不断扩大;不同时期城市用地扩展强度和速度差异很大,且呈波动变化；城市用地扩展和人口增长不协调造成城市建设用地紧张.通过用地扩展影响因素分析,经济增长、人口增长、自然地理环境、交通、政府决策等因素影响着城市扩展的速度和方向.     

旅游乡村用地格局演变微尺度分析*——以北京市怀柔区西庄村为例

［目的］乡村振兴战略将乡村旅游作为我国农村扶贫的重要手段，而旅游业的发展对乡村用地格局产生了深远影响。对典型城郊旅游村庄西庄村的用地格局演变展开研究，识别当前旅游用地模式中存在的问题，对合理划定村级“三生空间”和推动乡村旅游转型升级具有重要意义。［方法］文章基于Google Earth高精度遥感图像，运用参与式农村评估法（PRA）、ArcGIS空间分析和马尔科夫模型，对1985—2017年西庄村用地格局演变进行定量研究。［结果］在旅游业影响下，西庄村旅游用地和其他商服用地持续扩张，耕地、园地和林地持续缩小； 用地功能由传统的农业生产和居住向旅游用地和其他商服用地的多功能转变，且各阶段转变的主导类型不同； 以旅游用地为主的建设用地扩展强度呈倒“U”型趋势，不同阶段表现为渐进式蔓延扩展、爆炸式多点扩展、填补式内涵挖潜和稳定有序扩展模式； 旅游区位优势、旅游市场需求、先锋农户带动及政府乡村旅游政策是典型城郊旅游乡村用地格局演变的主导因素。［结论］乡村旅游业发展应结合村级“三生空间”划定，科学划定产业用地空间，控制旅游用地无序扩张，促进乡村空间有序发展。     

近20年来泰州市建设用地扩展规律研究

以多时相Landsat、TM/ETM卫星影像为数据源,运用GIS软件提取泰州市建设用地多时相的用地信息,运用扩展强度指数、空间自相关指数等方法分析泰州市建设用地的扩展规律,并提出泰州市建设用地扩展主要驱动因子;结果表明,泰州建设用地在扩展强度上经历了缓慢扩展—中速扩展—缓慢扩展的过程;挖掘出3个内在扩展模式：点状扩展、轴间扩展、网络扩展;泰州建设用地扩展热点区主要集中在海陵区、高港区和姜堰市,冷点区主要集中在兴化市北部和靖江、泰兴、姜堰3城市之间的空隙地带;从自然和社会两个角度综合提出了泰州市建设用地扩展的4个重要的驱动因子：经济集聚与扩散、人口扩张、交通脉动、政府决策。     

乡村建设用地资本化的金融机制与支持政策

研究目的：在马克思社会再生产理论的视域下,构建并基于土地资本化总过程的一般金融模型,探索乡村建设用地资本化相较于城市土地的特殊金融机制与支持政策。研究方法：叙事探究、比较分析法。研究结果：土地资本化本质上是土地加入社会再生产取得实体资产和金融资本二重存在性的过程,城乡建设用地资本化的金融机制在实体资产流通性、土地增值驱动因素和实体资产向金融资本转化路径等重要节点上存在显著不同。研究结论：结合乡村精明收缩理念,提出乡村建设用地资本化要走一条有别于城市土地的以政策性金融为主导、包容性金融为基础、绿色金融为方向的金融支持政策创新路径。     

基于地理探测器的城市建设用地规模时空差异及影响因素分析

研究目的:分析城市建设用地规模时空差异及其影响因素,为制定区域差别化的城市建设用地供应政策提供决策参考。研究方法:在分析345个城市建设用地规模时空变化的基础上,运用地理探测器识别城市建设用地规模扩张的影响因素及其交互作用。研究结果:(1)中国城市建设用地面积虽然持续增长,但增速逐渐放缓;(2)城市建设用地扩张存在较大空间差异,扩张规模按东部、西部、中部、东北地区逐渐递减,扩张速度按西部、中部、东部、东北地区逐渐递减;(3)全国城市建设用地扩张主要受投资驱动的影响,东部地区和东北地区由人口驱动转为产业驱动,中部地区由人口驱动转为投资驱动,西部地区城市建设用地扩张一直受投资驱动较为明显;(4)影响因子两两之间均为增强关系,包括双因子增强和非线性增强,2000年,投资水平、产业结构及学校数量交互作用极强,而到2015年,实际利用外资与其他因子的交互性明显增强。研究结论:中国城市建设用地扩张受产业、投资和人口共同驱动,但驱动力大小存在较大空间差异。应针对不同区域的主要驱动因素实施差别化管理,缓解城市建设用地规模扩张。     

基于面板数据的省域建设用地扩张驱动机制分析

为探明我国及东、中和西部地区建设用地扩张驱动因素作用机制,本文利用我国的29个省份1999-2013年数据,运用空间计量模型方法对建设用地扩张与驱动因素间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:1整体上看,人口、经济增长和固定资产投资与建设用地扩张体现为趋同效应,而产业结构调整有利于减少建设用地投入,反映地区差异政策的虚拟变量有利于促进建设用地扩张;2分区域来看,人口、经济增长和固定资产投资的作用均为正向,产业结构调整有利于东部地区减少建设用地投入,而对于中部和西部地区将促进建设用地扩张,反映政策变迁的虚拟变量对中部地区建设用地的扩张产生正向显著影响。最后,提出了东、中、西部地区差异化的对策建议为合理引导建设用地扩张提供参考。     

重庆市城市建设用地扩张与经济发展关联测度

[目的]为探求重庆市城市建设用地扩张与经济发展之间的关系,采用1997—2016年城市建设用地与经济发展数据,分析两者之间的动态关系,为重庆市合理确定城市发展边界,提升经济发展质量提供参考。[方法]采用协整检验、Granger因果检验和脉冲响应等计量分析方法分析重庆市城市建设用地扩张与经济发展之间的关联。[结果](1)城市建设用地扩张呈正异速增长类型,城市各功能性用地扩张具有明显的不均衡性,居住用地、工业用地和道路广场用地是城市建设用地扩张的主体。(2)城市建设用地扩张和经济发展存在长期均衡关系,两者呈同质性变化特征。(3)GDP在滞后1、2阶时,在90%、99%的置信水平下,经济发展是城市建设用地扩张的Granger原因;但城市建设用地是GDP增长的Granger原因并不明显,说明盲目地增加城市建设用地供给并不一定促进经济发展。(4)经济发展主要受自身波动的影响,短期内城市建设用地扩张对经济发展的贡献呈上升趋势,但增幅不大。经济发展对城市建设用地扩张的作用明显, 90%以上的城市用建设用地扩张在经济发展波动中得到解释。[结论]城市建设用地扩展对经济发展的贡献度有限,但经济发展是推动城市建设用地扩张的主要因素。未来应深化经济发展与城市空间关联的研究,制定差别化的城市建设用地扩张管控政策。     

我国城市用地扩展与土地集约利用

分析了我国城市用地增长弹性系数和城市用地扩展幂指数规律,发现土地利用效益偏低、扩张速度偏快是目前我国城市用地扩展的主要特征;分析了城市用地扩展的主要驱动力,发现固定资产投资和人口增长是城市扩展的主要动力,而第三产业发展有助于抑制城市用地扩张;认为城市扩展是我国现阶段经济发展的必然结果,但我国城市土地利用应变外廷扩展为外延扩展和内涵挖潜相结合的利用方式,提高土地利用的集约度与综合效益.     

Spatio-temporal pattern and driving forces of construction land change in a poverty-stricken county of China and implications for poverty-alleviation-oriented land use policies

Sustainable land use, targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) and integrated urban/town development are key issues for the poverty-stricken counties of China. This paper explored the spatio-temporal pattern and driving forces of construction land change in Longzhou, a typical poverty-stricken border county in southwest China, based on high-resolution remote sensing images and field investigations. The results showed that, from 2011 to 2016, the construction land in Longzhou increased by 10.08%. The largest increase shown by urban built-up areas (37.74%) followed by rural residential (25.48%), industrial and mining (20.96%), and transportation areas (15.49%) as well by tourist facility areas (0.33%). The accelerated urban development, rural housing construction, and construction of industrial parks and transportation facilities are main factors driving construction land expansion, while the implementation of TPA strategy and the booming of border trade activities are important policy drivers of the construction land expansion. Some of the major implications for improving poverty-alleviation-oriented land use policies were further discussed. The authors argue that land use policy innovation could play a key role in breaking the Matthew effect (poor get poorer, rich get richer) of China's uneven regional development and generating and accelerating the transformation development of poverty-stricken counties. It is fundamental to meet the demand of construction land for TPA, meanwhile raise the intensive level of land utilization. The authors suggest that the government need to further improve and implement preferential land use policies for poverty-stricken counties from the provincial level, appropriately increase the quotas of construction land, and effectively strengthen the rational, efficient and intensive use of the quotas of construction land, and provide solid land policy support for poverty alleviation and thus achieve the Sustainable Development Goals with higher quality.     

基于通径分析的城市建设用地扩张研究——以武汉市为例

研究目的:定量分析各驱动因素对城市建设用地扩张的直接与间接效应。研究方法:文献资料法,通径分析法,主成分分析法,回归分析法。研究结果:(1)经济发展对城市建设用地扩张的直接与间接效应分别为0.4638、0.0251、0.0511,人口增长分别为0.3149、0.1535、0.5317,城市化进程分别为0.4400、0.0365、0.5236;(2)经济发展与城市化进程(产业结构城市化、人口城市化)及两者的耦合作用是建设用地扩张的主要驱动力;(3)经济发展、人口增长主要驱动商住工用地扩张,城市化则侧重公共用地。研究结论:本研究对城市建设用地扩张与经济、人口、城市化之间的和谐发展具有参考价值。     

Assessing the fragmentation of construction land in urban areas: An index method and case study in Shunde, China

The fragmentation of construction land due to decentralised urban development, disorderly mixed land use, and large-scale transportation infrastructure poses a threat to urban integrity. There is a need to quantify the fragmentation level in a consistent way for inclusion in planning-related decisions. In the context of China's urban sprawl, this study develops a quantitative and intuitive index approach that planners can use to analyse multiple fragmentation features of construction land within urban areas. The approach can be used in planning policy reviews for timely land-use assessment and can be integrated into urban planning processes for developing strategic land-use scenarios. The method was applied in Shunde, a typical urban area in southern China, and construction-land fragmentation and its impacts on environmental quality were analysed. The results show that the entire built-up area in Shunde displays a high level of fragmentation. Patches of industrial and rural residence have been identified specifically higher fragmentation level. The shortage of available construction land makes land consolidation within built-up areas very important in planning Shunde's future development. Moreover, the land shortage requires the progressive reduction of construction land fragmentation. The results of the study also indicate that although land fragmentation has been affected by transportation infrastructure and the existence of rivers and hills in this region, decentralised decisions from hierarchical local governance regimes have greatly exacerbated this situation. Shunde provides examples of typical land-use problems associated with quasi-urbanised regions in China; construction-land fragmentation is a greater determinant for the sustainable development of urban and rural areas than construction-land growth.     

兰州市农村基础设施建设对农业经济影响的研究

以兰州市三县五区为研究区,通过对兰州市农村基础设施建设和农业经济发展现状进行分析,采用固定效应模型,选取2007年-2017年兰州市农村基础设施的面板数据,对农村基础设施建设对农业经济的影响进行计量分析,结果表明:交通运输、农田水利和卫生环境基础设施对农业经济增长有显著的促进作用。提出了要继续推进兰州市农村交通运输基础设施和水利基础设施建设,加大资金投入,完善农村卫生环境基础设施建设,同时注重农村基础设施投资与农业经济增长的相关性,满足农业生产的效用性和长远性的建议。     

Assessing the growth-inducing impact of the Appalachian Development Highway System in southern Ohio: Did policy promote change?

The concept of “inducing growth” is typically considered an adverse consequence of a project on the land use system. In certain instances, however, the desire to induce growth and foster land use change is a focus of land use policy. Such is the example of the Appalachian Highway Development System (AHDS) program initiated by the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) during the late 1960s. With the goal of providing highway infrastructure to improve assess to a geographically isolated and historically impoverished region, the ADHS has added nearly 3000 miles of highway to the Appalachian landscape. The degree to which highway investment has contributed to regional growth remains a controversial point and tractable methods to quickly assess landscape change given a project of this magnitude are elusive. In this paper a portion of the AHDS trending through southern Ohio is examined using data acquired from the Landsat series of satellites. Beginning with a pre-highway condition in 1976, a 26 year time horizon, concluding in 2002, was analyzed based on a post-classification change detection methodology. Results of this investigation revealed slight, yet significant, levels of urban expansion within a 10 km corridor along the path of AHDS Corridor D/State Route 32. Beyond this buffer zone the land use system evidenced more stability, suggesting that as distance increased from Corridor D/State Route 32, reduced accessibility also reduced the attractiveness of land for urban uses. Relating these results back to the infrastructure investment policies of the ARC demonstrates that growth did result from the construction of Corridor D and supports previous findings that land development based on highway construction is extremely time-sensitive.     

Relationship between urban construction land expansion and population/economic growth in Liaoning Province,China

The rapid expansion of urban construction land will lead to decoupling from the trend of economic development and population growth. A previous study have shown that there is a long-term bidirectional causal relationship between urban land expansion and economic and population growth. To further explore this relationship, we used remote sensing and statistical data combined with center-of-gravity shift index, coordination degree model, Theil index, and Tapio elastic decoupling index. The main results were as follows: (1) The urban construction land expansion in Liaoning Province has obvious geographical location characteristics, and it can be classified in three types: only along the traffic lines expansion, only along the coastline, along the rivers and traffic lines concurrently. (2) The per capita construction land area (PCCLA) is growing rapidly, and by 2015, 13 cities (all except Benxi) of the province exceeded the national standard for PCCLA (120 m²). Three of these cities (Yingkou, Dalian, and Huludao) exceeded the standard by more than 100%. The uncoordinated areas of land and population urbanization spread from coastal areas to central and western areas and finally to the entire province. (3) The correlation between urban construction land expansion and economic growth has changed from weak positive to strong negative decoupling. After 2010, the decoupling index for all cities became negative. In Huludao, Chaoyang, Panjin, Dalian, Shenyang, and Jinzhou, the construction land expansion was more than 3%, coupled with a 1% decrease in non-agricultural GDP. For other cities, the construction land expansion was less than 3% for a 1% decrease in non-agricultural GDP. These results demonstrate that the rapid growth of construction land was related to a negative economic growth. The findings also suggest that under the current pattern of economic growth, it may be difficult to control the expansion of construction land. New construction land should be reasonably planned and managed, and the dependence of economic growth on construction land and speed of population urbanization is a new challenge that should be reexamined by the local government.