可持续农业和农村发展的定义与内涵

可持续农业和农村发展的定义与内涵王道龙羊文超一、可持续农业和农村发展的定义１９９１年４月，联合国粮农组织在荷兰召开有１２４个国家的高级专家出席的国际农业与环境会议，通过了著名的《登博斯宣言》，进一步阐明了可持续农业与农村发展概念（英文缩写ＳＡＲＤ）的...     

推进四川农业可持续发展的政策建议

一可持续发展是经济加速增长条件下人口、资源、环境等重大危机日益加深的双重背景下产生的一种新的发展思想,可持续农业则是可持续发展思想在农业领域的具体体现。可持续农业这一理论概念最早产生于８０年代末期。１９８７年７月,世界环境与发展委员会在挪威提出“２０００年粮食：转向可持续农业的全球政策”,１９８９年联合国粮农组织通过了有关可持续农业发展的正式决议,１９９１年则在荷兰进一步形成了引起巨大反响的“可持续农业和农村发展”的丹博斯宣言。此后,可持续农业思想的影响日益深入和广泛,受到了世界各国政府的高度重…     

江苏省可持续农业和农村发展

介绍了江苏可持续农业和农村发展研究的方法与特点,初步探索了农业不同区域类型可持续农业和农村发展的模式与途径。     

临沂市农业可持续发展战略与对策

(一 )可持续农业的含义及其战略目标可持续农业是指在一定时期内和一定区域范围 ,有利于改善农业所依存的环境与资源 ,提供人类对食物和纤维的基本需要 ,经济可行 ,并能提高农业和农村社会生活的一种发展模式。它吸收了生态农业和有机农业重视资源环境的优点 ,强调高投入、高产出与高效率 ,并对农业资源环境给予充分的重视。《中国 2 1世纪议程》结合我国的国情 ,对持续农业战略目标也提出了明确要求 :保持农业生产稳定增长 ,提高食物生产和食物安全 ,发展农村经济 ,增加农民收入 ,改变农村贫困落后状况 ;保护和改善农业生态环境 ,合理利用…     

办好SARD试验区 促进农业和农村可持续发展

娄底地区作为全国可持续农业和农村发展研究试验区之一，五年来，行署组织科技人员进行了攻关，产生了一批有新思路、新见解的研究成果，丰富了持续农业和农村发展的理论与实践，缓解了经济、社会发展与人口、资源、环境的矛盾，初步走上了农业和农村可持续发展的道路。     

我国农业旅游可持续发展的法律对策研究

农业旅游通过第一产业和第三产业的相互带动和融合,共同实现了农业经济与旅游业经济发展的乘数效应。"农业旅游可持续发展"一是要实现农村自然景观资源的可持续,二是要实现农村民俗风貌和生产生活方式的可持续,因此,农业旅游可持续发展面临的困境主要是农村生态环境的恶化和人文环境的改变。以法律促进农业旅游可持续发展,立法部门应重视立法解释工作;司法部门应做到能动司法,确立司法保障机制;行政部门应坚持科学执法,编制旅游发展规划;农业旅游的相关主体都应切实守法,共同维护农业旅游发展环境。     

河北省农业可持续发展的理论与思路

围绕农业可持续发展,论述了"可持续农业"的产生背景、提出过程及其内涵.从资源、人口、环境、区位等方面分析了河北省农业的现状和特点;从区域优势和法制体系方面,论述了可持续农业的战略途径和发展对策.     

中国可持续农业的实现路径

可持续发展既是人类新的价值观念 ,又是人类新的行为规范。世界各国都进行了可持续农业和农村发展的理论研究和实践 ,证明可持续农业具有国别特色 ,中国在特定的农村发展模式和农业发展阶段中 ,在截然不同于其它国家的人———地矛盾约束下必然会有中国独特的可持续农业的内涵和体系 ,从而选择发展可持续农业相对应的实现路径。一、中国可持续农业体系的侧重点概括地讲 ,世界持续农业理论和实践的模式主要有两种 ,一种是发达国家模式 ,另一种是发展中国家模式。发达国家模式以美、德、法等发达国家为代表 ,其可持续发展战略实施的背景 ,都是…     

和谐社会背景下农业生产资料服务体系建设与发展

和谐社会发展理念是我国长期坚持的发展战略,在和谐社会发展背景下加强农业生产资料的服务体系是我国农业未来长期坚持发展的战略方针。农村生产资料在数量和质量上的标准都不断扩大,对农村经济发展而言是一种全新的发展契机,农村生产能力的提高可以带动农村生产资料的规模扩大,提高农村劳动者的工作效率,改善农村居民的生活环境,加快农村经济建设,实现农村全面、协调、可持续的发展。     

试论21世纪可持续农业的技术问题

可持续农业是一种能够在提高收入的同时满足日益增长的经济、环境和社会需求的农业.可持续农业的目标是在农业生产过程中,利用例如营养循环、固氨、害虫与天敌的关系等自然过程之间的作用,减少非再生资源的利用,减轻对环境的污染和对人类健康的危害,尽量减少投入;大量有效地利用生物能源和动植物品种资源;有效地发掘和使用当地群众的经验和实践,以及在农民和农村中广泛应用的新发明;调整产业结构,处理好作物、产量、投入、环境等限制因素和土壤、地理之间的关系,保证长期持续上升的产量水平;调整农业的综合开发和治理,在高产、高效、优质的基础上,保持水资源、土地资源、能源和生物资源.可持续农业是一个十分广泛的主题,在此,仅讨论可持续农业的技术问题.     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。     

天津地热资源可持续开发利用对策

天津有着十分丰富的地热资源,至2003年底,已有地热井235眼,年开采量2701万m3。但地热资源利用率最高为62.4%,地热尾水回灌率不到8%,基本是一种粗放的开发利用模式。文章从实现地热资源可持续开发利用角度出发,针对天津地区不同热储层的特征,提出适宜的利用方式,提高地热利用率。而且指出必须走回灌开发道路,增加回灌井,提高回灌率是实现地热资源可持续开发利用的重要保障。     

Projections of maize yield vulnerability to droughts and adaptation options in Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa is likely going to experience more intense and frequent droughts with high parallel possibilities of ramifications on maize yields. While there is a lot of scholarship dwelling on the ramifications of droughts on maize yields at the level of Africa, little has been researched at lower scales. This study presents past (1960–2014) vulnerability of maize yields to droughts based on a previous study (Epule et al., 2017) and projects the future vulnerability of maize yields to droughts by calculating the sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity of maize yields to droughts for the period 2015–2050. The results show that maize yields are more vulnerable in the north of Uganda for the period 1960–2014. However, adaptive capacity is higher in the south. Maize yields also record higher levels of sensitivity and exposure in the north with the latter patterns explained by variations in precipitation, temperature, rich volcanic soils, access to rivers and lakes. In terms of future vulnerability for the period 2015–2050, this study shows that the level of vulnerability of maize yields to droughts in Uganda will increase to levels higher than what currently obtains. For example, the vulnerability index will increase from 0.54 under the 1.5 °C to 0.70 under the 2.0 °C and to 1.54 under the 2.5 °C scenario. Sensitivity is also likely to increase while exposure and adaptive capacity are most likely to remain the same. Overall, it can be said that the future of maize production in Uganda under present and future circumstances remains very bleak without concrete actions. As a way forward, land use policy designers will have to integrate water management, agroforestry, climatic information diffusion, training and indigenous knowledge into land use planning decisions in the context of agriculture.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

EU Policies on Bioenergy and their Potential Clash with the WTO

The paper outlines EU policy on bioenergy, including biofuels, in the context of its policy initiatives to promote renewable energy to combat greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The EU’s Member States are responsible for implementing EU policy: thus, the UK’s Renewables Obligation on electricity suppliers and its Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation and road‐fuel tax rebates are examined. It is unlikely that EU policy is in conflict with the WTO Agreement on Agriculture or that on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, but its provisions on environmental sustainability criteria could be problematic.     

Adoption des Politiques de Protection de l'Environnement et performance des Entreprises Camerounaises

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the environmental protection policies of by Cameroonian firms on their performance. It uses the endogenous switching regression technique and propensity scores applied to micro-data from 639 firms in Cameroon. The results show that only 17% of firms adopt these measures, while on average 85% of firms produce solid, gaseous or liquid waste. The results also indicate that the adoption of these environmental protection policies increases operating costs while significantly improving the turnover and the performance of the productive capacity of the company. These increases are 39.11%, 58.6%, and 38.63% for operating costs, turnover and return on productive capacity of the company, respectively. However, firms can also suffer significant losses resulting from the non-adoption of environmental policies. In fact, firms that do not adopt environmental protection policies have their performance reduced by an average of 1.625 percentage points.