论西部地区农业的集约化与持续化

提出了农业集约化发展对西部开发的基础作用，同时阐明了生态环境综合治理促进农业持续化的意见；对黄土高原、西北草原、荒漠地区、西南岩溶地区、紫赠岩地区提出了治理对策。     

我国21世纪农业发展形势与西南岩溶地区开发

阐述了21世纪我国农业的新形势,提出必须转变观念,树立农业由传统的粗放经营方式向现代集约经营方式转变等十大新观念,针对西南岩溶地区的发展现状,提出了6项开发对策,并以广西为重点,提出要以结构调整为契机,加快广西农业开发和脱贫致富的进程。     

西部退耕还林(草)现状分析及税收对策

西部地区生态环境日趋恶化,由于土地沙漠化导致西部生态平衡的严重失调、草原生产能力下降。为保护西部环境,党中央国务院提出了"西部开发,生态先行"战略决策。把生态环境建设作为西部大开发的根本点和切入点,提高到了西部大开发的基础地位这个战略高度。经过多年的退耕还林(草)试点,西部环境有所改善,但是依然存在一些亟待解决的问题,其中生态环境保护方面的各种政策必须加强,特别是生态税收亟待完善。本文通过对西部退耕还林(草)的现状分析,提出了若干宏观和税收对策建议。     

未来十年西部大开发水利发展对策

水资源是我国西部经济社会可持续发展的重要制约因素,加快水利建设是实施西部大开发战略的基础.目前,西部水利发展存在农田水利建设滞后,水土流失与水污染严重,水资源利用率低,防洪抗灾预警能力差等问题.在未来十年的西部大开发中,应总结经验教训,探索西部水利发展的对策,促进西部地区经济社会的快速发展.     

西部新型工业化的空间构架及其联动发展

按照西部大开发空间布局的总体构架：西陇海——兰新线、长江上游沿岸和以南贵昆地区为主的西南出海大通道为西部大开发主轴线。这样的空间构架对推进西部大开发和西部新型工业化，存在明显的缺陷。     

关于西部大开发土地资源开发利用的初步研究

西部大开发是一项规模宏大的系统工程,如何正确对待和妥善处理土地资源开发利用与生态保护和建设、建设用地与耕地保护的关系,对西部地区土地资源的开发利用有着重要的意义。本文从分析研究西部地区土地资源的优势和主要存在问题出发,指出了土地开发利用中所面临的矛盾及须处理的各类关系,提出了西部大开发中土地资源开发利用的初步战略设想以及相关的对策建议。     

西部开发中的基本农田资源保护

西部大开发战略的实施为西部地区的发展提供了千载难逢的机遇，同时亦对数量并不多的西部基本农田保护问题提出了严峻的挑战。该文拟在探讨西部大开发过程中基本农田流失的可能性及在此基础上相应的保护对策。     

西南山区生态农业发展模式研究

随着西部大开发战略的深入推进,解决我国经济发展的区域不平衡问题日显紧迫。在这个过程中,西南山区农业的发展及其发展模式对于西部大开发战略的实施以及当地居民生活水平的提高有着至关重要的作用。本文从阐明西南山区发展生态农业的意义出发,阐述了当前西南山区发展生态农业的制约因素,并对适合西南山区环境的生态农业发展模式作了探讨。     

在西南五省区市矿产勘查工作座谈会上的讲话

(2000年 6月 22日 )同志们： 　　实施西部大开发战略，加快中西部地区发展，是党中央作出的重大战略决策。国土资源部应当在实施西部大开发中发挥应有的作用。部党组对这个问题进行了多次研究，提出今年要抓好三件事，一是规划，二是找水，三是找矿。今天在贵阳召开西南五省区     

我国西部地区有机农业发展的必要性及有利条件

文章分析了加快我国西部地区发展有机农业的必要性 ,认为发展有机农业是我国人民食品安全、农业结构调整、加入WTO和西部农业大开发以及发挥西部地区生态环境优势的需要 ;从自然资源和环境优势、广大的农村剩余劳动力资源等几个方面指出我国西部地区有机农业发展的有利条件     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。