武汉城市圈“两型社会”视角下的土地利用综合评价

从"两型社会"的视角构建武汉城市圈土地利用综合评价指标体系,选择常用的德尔菲咨询法和熵值法相结合的主客观组合赋权法计算指标权重,运用多因素综合评价法对武汉城市圈2000—2015年的土地利用进行定量评价,分析其时空演化特征,并对其趋势发展进行预测。研究结果表明:武汉城市圈内部各城市间发展的差异性较明显,9个城市正经历4种土地利用阶段;受区位条件和地形地貌条件的影响,武汉城市圈土地利用具有典型的圈层效应和带状分布的特点;基于"两型社会"特征的建设成效显著,土地集约利用和土地生态环境效益均取得了较大的正向发展,但是城市圈内部各城市土地集约利用水平的差异性趋向扩大化;预测结果表明,城市圈整体在2030年左右才能实现武汉市2015年的土地利用水平。针对研究结果,以提升土地利用水平,促进区域协调发展为目标,提出了运用科技手段提高科学用地水平、加强环境治理力度以及大力发展"绿色经济"和循环经济以形成可持续产业发展的对策与建议。     

武汉城市圈土地资源优化配置研究

研究目的:分析武汉城市圈土地利用现状,构建武汉城市圈土地利用结构优化模型,基于两型社会建设目标优选方案,以实现城市圈土地资源优化配置。研究方法:通过设置决策变量、建立约束方程,构建多目标模型;应用matlah软件和灰色预测方法等求解模型,获得土地利用结构调整方案;采用灰色关联分析方法选择最优方案。研究结果:在充分考虑土地利用与社会、经济和生态效益相互协调的情况下,建立土地利用结构优化方案评价指标体系,得到最优方案。研究结论:武汉城市圈土地利用结构优化方案兼顾各业用地需求,优化各类土地资源配置,符合两型社会目标的发展要求。     

武汉城市圈土地供需格局研究

"两型社会"要求武汉城市圈内土地供需和谐.规划土地需求保障经济的快速健康发展,规划土地的供给优化综合用地效益,是土地供需格局确定的依据.以武汉城市圈的现状为基础,采用GM(1,1)模型预测武汉城市圈建设用地需求,利用GIS方法重点探讨圈内可用于建设的未利用土地资源总量以及供给新增建设用地的能力.得出土地供给可以满足需求和北部、南部可用于建设的未利用土地资源较为充足两个结论.提出武汉城市圈空间发展布局方案,建议优先发展南北方向的城市群,力求科学安排宝贵的后备土地资源,加快武汉城市圈向资源节约型、环境友好型的生态宜居城市群方向发展.     

发展“两型”渔业对策的探讨

<正>2007年12月,国务院批准武汉城市圈为全国资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设综合配套改革试验区。黄冈位于武汉城市圈内,渔业的发展,必须符合"两型"社会建设的要求,必须以科学发展观为指导,坚持     

武汉城市圈粮食经济区域协作的思考

随着武汉城市圈资源节约型和环境友好型社会的＂两型社会＂建设的逐步深入,为武汉城市圈粮食经济实现又好又快发展提供了千载难逢的历史机遇。在新的历史起点上,加快圈内粮食经济发展最重要、最紧迫的任务是要以科学发展观为指导，在统一思想、凝聚力量、鼓舞士气、推动工作上下功夫，     

武汉城市圈粮食经济区域协作的思考

武汉城市圈资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设的逐步深入，为武汉城市圈粮食经济实现又好又快发展提供了千载难逢的历史机遇，对加快实施湖北在中部地区崛起的重要战略必将产生重大影响。     

区域土地利用环境友好指数及空间分异研究——以长株潭城市群为例

环境友好土地利用是建立环境友好型社会的重要内容.从环境友好的土地利用出发,选择18个因素作为参评因子,建立土地利用环境友好指数综合评价体系,并对2005年长株潭城市群土地利用环境友好指数进行了评价,结果表明,长株潭城市群环境友好型土地利用区域差异较大,长沙市环境友好指数最高,其次为株洲市,再次为湘潭市,并分析产生差异的原因.最后针对长株潭两型社会建设的需要提出了土地环境友好型利用的对策和措施.     

武汉乡村清洁工程大透视

2007年12月,武汉城市圈被定为国家级资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设综合配套改革试验区。2008年开始,武汉市大力开展"两型社会"、"两型农业"建设,积极推进乡村清洁工程。武汉从农业生产、农民生活两个方面着力,发展与保护并举,积极整治农村生产生活环境,摸索出了一整套切实有效的"低碳经济"生产、农村废弃物资源化利用和村庄整治的做法与模式,同时还创新工作机制,走出了一条"两型社会"建设的好路子。     

区域土地利用环境友好指数及空间分异研究——以长株潭城市群为例

环境友好土地利用是建立环境友好型社会的重要内容。本文从环境友好的土地利用出发，选择18个因素作为参评因子，建立土地利用环境友好指数综合评价体系，并对2005年长株潭城市群土地利用环境友好指数进行了评价．结果表明，长株潭城市群环境友好型土地利用区域差异较大，长沙市环境友好指数最高，其次为株洲市，再次为湘潭市，并分析产生差异的原因。最后针对长株潭两型社会建设的需要提出了土地环境友好型利用的对策和措施。     

开发区土地集约利用评价有关问题的思考

开发区土地集约利用评价工作的开展对于控制开发区盲目扩张，促进开发区低效用地挖潜，提高开发区用地管理水平，建立健全开发区土地节约集约利用长效机制，构建资源节约型社会具有重要意义。本文是在实际工作的基础上，对开发区土地集约利用评价的认识和思考．重点从开发区土地集约利用内涵、土地利用基础信息数据库建设、评价指标选取和权重确定以及评价指标理想值确定等方面进行了有益探索．以期能为其他开发区开展土地集约利用评价工作提供参考。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.