基于改进现金流量模型的铜矿资源开发可供性分析——以江西铜业股份有限公司为例

在国际国内双循环大背景下，铜矿资源的开发如何协调生态环境保护与矿产资源安全是亟待解决的关键问题。本研究以传统的现金流量模型为基础，添加生态补偿因素形成改进后的现金流量模型，具体研究江西铜业股份有限公司铜矿资源的可供性。研究表明：将生态补偿费作为环境因素加入现有现金流量模型中可以更好地分析我国的矿产资源可供性；现阶段江西铜业股份有限公司的铜矿资源是可供的；影响铜矿资源可供性的关键因素是矿产品产量。     

浙江省萤石资源形势与对策(下)

六、对策与建议(一)加强萤石矿产资源调查评价与勘查为确保我省当前和长远经济、社会发展对萤石矿产资源的需求,依靠科技进步,以技术创新为动力,运用新理论、新思路、新技术、新方法,按照国家实行公益性地质调查评价与商业性矿产资源勘查分制运行的原则,加快全省萤石矿产资源调查评价与勘查工作。评价一批可供勘查基地,查明3～5个可供规模开采矿区,新增萤石矿产资源储量矿石量1500万吨。通过市场运作,大力培育、发展商业性勘查工作,鼓励社会资金投入,加快萤石矿产勘查,引导企业投资开展老矿山外围寻找接替资源。近期需要投入萤石资源调查评…     

矿产资源保障能力评价与分析——以锰矿为例

矿产资源保障能力不仅是矿产资源开发利用程度对国家经济发展支撑能力的反映,也是资源安全程度的重要体现。为了科学地分析评价我国矿产资源保障能力,文章从资源禀赋、国内供需、国际市场三方面构建矿产资源保障能力指标体系,形成包含三类基本指标十种要素指标的体系框架,建立熵权TO P S IS模型矿产资源保障能力评价方法,并以锰矿为例,对我国锰矿资源保障能力进行评价与分析。结果表明,2009—2018年我国锰矿资源保障能力经历了较安全、基本安全、较危险三个阶段,总体呈下降趋势。     

矿产资源国际竞争力指数的研究和测算

矿产资源国际竞争力,是指一个国家占有矿产资源和影响、控制国际市场的总体能力。矿产资源国际竞争力指数是一个综合指标,包括资源禀赋优势,市场控制能力和科技/管理支撑能力三个方面。文章从这三个方面设计了21个指标,选择其中8个指标对我国的铁矿和钨矿的竞争力指数进行了测算。     

矿产资源“走出去”进入非洲的形势及建议

文章分析了非洲矿产资源分布、投资环境及优势矿产资源对我国的可供性,总结了我国矿产资源走入非洲勘查开发的形势和取得的成效及找矿成功模式。我国实施非洲矿产资源勘查开发战略的对策建议:(1)建立以重点支持的矿种为基础的非洲矿产供应长效机制和以重点支持区域为保障的非洲资源配置体系;(2)要从总体思路、区域选择、勘查开发、企业运作四方面做战略部署;(3)以大型矿业企业为核心建立整体产业链(群),树立合作共赢的理念,开展中长期规划,加强技术创新;(4)加强政府引导,制定非洲矿产资源勘查开发战略,构建技术信息交流平台,开展非洲重要成矿区带成矿规律研究,建立优势矿产资源潜力评价体系。     

试论建立和完善我国矿产资源有偿使用制度

文章介绍了典型市场经济国家为实行矿产资源有偿使用而向矿产资源使用者征收的费税种类.同时介绍了我国向矿产资源使用者征收的六种税费,并指出了其缺陷和不足之处,在此基础上,提出了对我国矿产资源税费进行改革可供选择的三个方案.     

矿产资源有偿使用和矿业权价款的财产属性及其相互联系与区别

矿产资源有偿使用体现的是作为自然资源资产所固有的价值,是一种自然资源权益;矿业权价款体现的是矿产资源勘查投入所创造的价值,是一种资本权益。自然资源权益与资本权益既有内在联系又有区别。联系体现在这两种权益虽然性质不同,但其价值基础共处于一个矿产资源资产的实体之中。因而这个资源资产价值,已不是纯自然资源生成,而是物化了人类的活劳动和物化劳动的价值。二者的区别则主要表现在价值来源不同、权益的主体不同、权益的实现环节以及权益价格的形成机制不同。为此,要建立作为自然资源资产的矿产资源国家权益金制度。     

矿业参与宏观调控的经济法思考

矿业作为关系国计民生的重要经济和社会领域,矿产资源参与宏观经济调控应该是国土资源管理部门行使政府职能必须考虑的一个问题。从经济法律角度进行分析,可以得出当前我国矿产资源宏观调控法律规范滞后于资源可持续发展要求的结论。因此,应完善矿产资源规划、市场运行机制、价格税收、环境保护及利益分配等矿业领域的宏观调控法律规范,以促进和保障矿业可持续发展战略目标的实现。     

矿产资源优化配置中矿产地评价指标体系研究

矿产资源优化配置需要解决的主要问题是总量控制、空间布局与时间布局,以达到保障国民经济发展对矿产资源的可持续需求。用实证性的方法解决上述问题,基本思路是查明各矿产地的资源条件、开发条件、环境条件及开发的社会、经济效益。通过评价分析,了解矿产地水平的优劣,结合国民经济和社会发展对矿产资源当前和长远需求,为在空问和时间两方面进行矿产资源的优化配置服务。文章定义了矿产地优化配置中矿产地需求类型,指出矿产地评价指标体系由要素性指标和效能性指标组成,构建了两类指标的组成体系,建立了综合评价模型。     

切实维护好矿产资源国家所有权的权益

矿产资源国家所有权,是由我国宪法确定的,具有最高的法律地位。在经济上体现矿产资源国家所有权权益的是矿产资源补偿费和资源税,但是由于制定税费标准的当时,矿业不够景气,收取标准比较低,而矿产资源所有权的权益又同矿产品价格相关。所以当矿产品价格大幅度上涨之后,原有税费标准不调整,就必然造成国家所有权权益的流失。这就是当前的现实,为了扭转这种局面,必须尽快采取补救措施:1.对隐性(即需要经过勘查)矿产资源的绝对收益,要把资源补偿费和资源税金合二为一,作为权利金征收。其收取标准仍以销售收入为基数,但要根据现实的矿产品价格确…     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.     

Developments in the Doha Round and WTO dispute settlement: some implications for EU agricultural policy

Progress in the Doha Round is assessed against the changes tothe common agricultural policy (CAP) brought about by the Fischlerreforms of 2003–2004, and that proposed for sugar. Anelimination of export subsidies could place EU exports of processedfoods at a competitive disadvantage because of high sugar andmilk prices. Provided the single payment scheme falls withinthe green box, the likely new limits on domestic support shouldnot be problematic for the post-Fischler CAP. However, an ambitiousmarket access package could open up EU markets and bring pressurefor further reform. If there is no Doha agreement, existingprovisions will continue to apply, but without the protectionof the Peace Clause; and increased litigation is likely. FurtherCAP reform is to be expected.