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1.
西南地区农业生态和经济系统协调发展分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]对西南地区农业生态经济系统进行评价,了解西南地区农业生态系统与经济系统协调度。[方法]根据我国西南地区5个省、直辖市和自治区的相关数据,建立西南地区农业生态经济系统评价指标体系,通过耦合模型对西南地区农业生态系统与经济系统协调度进行评价分析。[结果]当前我国西南地区在农业生态系统与经济系统的协调度处于中度协调水平,且耦合类型处于勉强调和协调,整体上西南地区农业生态经济系统在协调状况上相对乐观;从西南地区农业生态系统与经济系统两者对比关系看,除重庆市属于经济严重滞后型外,四川、云南、贵州省以及西藏自治区均属于经济极度滞后型。[结论]我国西南地区在农业生态系统与经济系统协调度上整体处于中度协调水平,农业经济发展均比较滞后,我国西部地区应继续注重农业生态保护,并加快农业经济发展,积极推进农业生态与经济系统协调发展。  相似文献   

2.
把握土地生态环境动态,对建立生态保护制度具有重要意义。在遥感和GIS技术的支持下,构建了一种完全基于遥感数据的评价指标体系,并基于此评价徐州市土地生态环境质量状况。  相似文献   

3.
基于RS与GIS的大连市生态环境状况综合评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
运用遥感动态监测与地理信息系统技术相结合的方法,利用遥感解译数据、2000年土地利用数据、环境状况公报数据以及统计年鉴数据,以国家环保总局制定的<生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)>(HJ/T192-2006)规定的评价指标体系和计算方法为依据,对大连市2000年和2005年各区县生态环境状况进行了综合分析和评价.结果表...  相似文献   

4.
基于遥感和GIS技术,运用1988年、1998年和2007年的遥感影像,提取生态安全影响因子,建立生态安全评价指标体系和评价模型,分析了近20年来东江流域生态安全时空变化特点,并建立了生态安全相对变化率模型,通过计算揭示东江流域生态安全变化的区域差异。  相似文献   

5.
我国农业生态经济系统耦合协调发展研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]探索我国农业生态系统与农业经济系统的协调发展规律,为中国农业生态与农业经济健康有序协同发展的政策制定提供智力支持。[方法]通过构建农业生态系统与农业经济系统综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法确定各指标权重,基于2004—2017年全国统计数据,借助耦合协调度模型,计算出农业生态系统和农业经济系统的发展得分,再分析农业生态系统与经济系统发展的耦合协调关系。[结果]2004—2017年中国农业生态与经济发展综合水平整体均呈现上升趋势,农业生态系统得分始终高于农业经济发展得分;两系统的耦合度处于较高水平,耦合协调度逐年上升,协调程度从中度协调过渡到极度协调。[结论]加快创新驱动发展,发展“产品品质高、经济效益高、生态环境友好”的高质量农业,优化财政支农机构、重点支持具有生态正向外部性的项目。加强环境规制力度,以绿色发展路径实现农业生态与经济的协同。  相似文献   

6.
能值分析是指通过能值相关理论及原理的分析得出一系列反映农业生态经济系统的能值指标体系,借此可深入分析系统的环境容纳能力、能值效率、生态经济效益,系统结构功能特征及可持续发展能力,对更好的发展农村解决有重要意义。文章通过对相关文献的梳理和归纳,从可持续发展角度探讨国内农村生态系统能值发展状况,研究我国农业生态系统的能值投入,针对国内农业生态经济进步的现状客观评价该系统可持续发展状况。结果表明:当前农业生态发展迅速,但就农业生态经济系统的能值研究方面,在资料收集、理论不足等方面依然需要改进。并提出严控人口数量、科学开发后续土地资源、改善土地运用构成、增强可更新环境资源运用效率等对策与建议,以期能为政府决策提供科学依据,助力于社会经济的全方位进步及农业的有效转型。  相似文献   

7.
供给侧结构性改革视角下的农业可持续发展评价研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]建立一套适用于全国不同地区、具有可操作性的评价指标体系,将农业供给侧结构性改革背景下农业可持续发展的目标、内容和重点任务逐一体现,指导各地农业可持续发展。[方法]通过对国内外相关研究的梳理分析,对农业供给侧结构性改革视角下的我国农业可持续发展的内涵进行了讨论和界定,明确农业可持续发展的评价思路。[结果]在上述研究基础上,构建包括5个一级指标、26个二级指标的农业可持续发展评价指标体系,并给出了两种评价方法。[结论]该评价指标体系适应农业供给侧结构性改革对农业可持续发展提出的新要求,坚持方向引领和底线把控的思想,体现了地区差异、生态类型差异和不同区域在国家主体功能区中的功能定位,具有地区可比性和可操作性,适用于全国不同省份或者同一省份不同地区的评价。  相似文献   

8.
近年来,随着经济社会加速发展与新农村建设的不断深入,在北京这样的大都市中农业的生产功能逐渐被弱化,农业的生态功能越来越凸显重要作用,估算农业的生态服务价值逐渐成为学术界研究的热点。目前国内主要是参照谢高地提出的中国陆地生态系统单位面积服务功能价值表,即用全国生态系统的平均服务价值来估算不同区域的农业生态服务价值,这与北京的社会发展水平、城市定位及都市型现代农业的功能定位是不符合的,因此是不太恰当的。文章以北京农业生态服务价值评估为研究目标,在全国生态系统服务价值评估体系的基础上,对北京市300多位具有相关专业背景的学者进行问卷调查,对中国生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量表进行有依据的修改,制定出更适合北京区域的不同土地利用类型生态系统服务评估单价体系,并以此表为依据测算了2013年北京农业生态服务价值的理论值与现实值。研究发现北京的农业生态服务价值十分巨大,文章提供了一种更符合北京生态系统状况与经济发展水平的农业生态服务价值评估方法,可以用于已知土地利用面积的农业生态服务价值估算,能够在较短时间内获得较为精确的结果。  相似文献   

9.
农业可持续发展问题的实质是经济、社会发展与资源、生态环境间的关系问题,没有生态安全,系统就不可能实现可持续发展。文章讨论了黑龙江垦区构建区域农业可持续发展的生态安全指标体系的必要性、基本过程和方法,提出了包括资源生态环境压力、质量和保护整治能力三方面23项指标在内的生态安全评价指标体系,提出了从发展循环经济、环境综合整治、流域和区域污染防治、国土绿化、水资源优化配置、生态系统保护与恢复、推进产业结构优化升级、推进垦区与地方合作共建、健全生态安全建设领导机制等9个方面推进区域农业可持续发展的生态安全建设的途径与对策。  相似文献   

10.
山地型休闲农业生态系统是在山地丘陵区域,位于乡村之间、景区之间具有一定的独特生态空间格局,以多功能农业开发为核心,划定生产、生活、生态空间,把农业与旅游业结合在一起,具有多功能性、市场化的生态农业系统,发展水平取决于其服务功能价值的高低;山地型休闲农业生态系统服务功能价值的评估是评价该类型休闲农业发展潜力的重要依据;山地型休闲农业生态系统的生态地位、主体功能和对经济发展的贡献大小,因不同区域背景及该区域人们对生态系统服务功能的支付意愿与能力水平的差异而有所不同。文章结合山地型休闲农业的地域特征,根据生态、生产、生活的功能内涵,从水分调节、养分循环、产品生产、废弃物处理、生物控制与多样性保护、氧气释放、二氧化碳固定、休闲游憩、文化服务等9方面构建了生态服务功能评价指标体系,并建立了评价模型,对闽清丰达休闲农业大观园案例进行了实证分析,表明具有适宜性。  相似文献   

11.
We argue that to support agriculture–environmental policy decision making, stakeholders need ‘quantitative back‐of‐the‐envelope’ analysis that is timely and sufficiently accurate to make informed decisions. We apply this concept to the analysis of the supply of ecosystem services from agriculture. We present a spatially explicit production model and show how it can be used to derive the supply of ecosystem services in a region. This model shows that the supply of ecosystem services can be derived from the spatial distribution of opportunity cost of providing those services. We then show how this conceptual model can be used to develop a minimum‐data (MD) approach to the analysis of the supply of ecosystem services from agriculture that can be implemented with the kinds of secondary data that are available in most parts of the world. We apply the MD approach to simulate the supply of carbon that could be sequestered in agricultural soils in the dryland grain‐producing region of Montana. We find that the supply curve derived from the MD approach can approximate the supply curve obtained from a more elaborate model based on site‐specific data, and can do so with sufficient accuracy for policy analysis.  相似文献   

12.
Understanding the co-occurrence of multiple ecosystem services within farming systems and how they are associated across space are relatively new topics. Quantifying ecosystem services and their interactions as dependent on cropland management can help to formulate a more effective and sustainable land use management system. However, current academic efforts and cropland management practices based on the perspective of ecosystem services bundles and tradeoffs remain limited, especially in developing countries. This paper aimed to integrate ecosystem services into cropland protection and functional zoning. Taking Cixi County in the Hangzhou Bay area, China, as the case study area, five typical ecosystem services (food supply, carbon sequestration, hydrological regulation, soil fertility and recreation potential) delivered by croplands and their correlations were quantitatively assessed. The results demonstrated a heterogeneous spatial pattern of multiple ecosystem services and diverse interactions between them, which depended on regional specific conditions and agricultural activities. Further, we adopted the framework of ecosystem services bundles as a planning tool to support the spatial strategy of cropland management. Cropland protection priority and functional zoning were determined by hotspot analysis and clustering algorithms, respectively. The croplands in Cixi were classified into three protection grades and a zoning scheme comprising four functional types with policy guidelines was proposed based on the spatial cluster results. The integrative approach used in this study is applicable to supplement the current cropland management actions by incorporating the perspective of ecosystem services tradeoff and bundles.  相似文献   

13.
目的 开展区域农田生态系统碳源/汇及其时空格局研究,对农田生态系统管理与农业可持续发展具有重要意义。方法 文章采用碳排放系数法、农作物经济产量法分别估算农田生态系统碳排放量、碳吸收量,并构建生态承载效率指数、经济贡献效率指数对2007—2016年江苏沿海地区农田生态系统碳源/汇的时空变化以及公平性进行研究。结果 (1)江苏沿海地区农田生态系统碳排放先上升后下降,并呈中间高,南北低的分布格局。化肥、农药使用是碳排放的主要因素,农膜、柴油使用对碳排放影响逐渐增加。(2)江苏沿海地区农田生态系统碳吸收总体呈上升趋势,呈中西部高,南北低的分布格局。稻谷和小麦碳吸收占比高达75%,蔬菜碳吸收年平均增长率高达6.84%,逐渐成为江苏沿海碳吸收重要来源。(3)江苏沿海地区10个县(市、区)农业发展的生态、经济效率较好,启东市、海门市、赣榆区、盐城市区、大丰区、射阳县等6个县(市、区)碳汇和农业总产值的比例低于碳排放比例,是影响江苏沿海地区农业低碳发展的关键地区。结论 江苏沿海地区农田生态系统碳源/汇动态区域差异较大,需要针对不同区域情况制定和完善差异化减排策略。  相似文献   

14.
The ecosystem of the Sanjiang Plain in China has dramatically changed in the past four decades. This study investigated the history of paddy field expansion in the Sanjiang Plain and discovered the ecosystem service variations in response to paddy expansion. Integrating a series of Landsat images, we obtained the paddy expansion history from 1976 to 2015. Then, we calculated ecosystem service values (ESVs) to estimate the ecosystem service variations caused by paddy expansion in the Sanjiang Plain. The results indicate that the paddy area increased from 404,789–2,598,449 ha during 1976–2015, leading to a decline in the total ecosystem service values by 11288.04 million dollars. The largest decline in ESVs in response to paddy expansion was caused by wetland reclamation (9998.54 million dollars). Apart from agricultural products and gas regulation functions, the ESVs provided by other functions all showed a declining trend. Paddy expansion in the Sanjiang Plain increased agricultural product function at the expense of the decline of other functions. In future management practices, the rational allocation of water resources and paddy distribution are necessary in order to achieve sustainable development of both water resources and agricultural production. Some suggestions including coculture systems, restoring habitats for aquatic species, farm management that fosters biodiversity in paddy fields are provided for future sustainability.  相似文献   

15.
Land consolidation (LC) is essential for ensuring rural development and for increasing land use effectiveness. LC has been implemented in China since the mid-1990s in an attempt to increase available cropland area, reduce fragmentation and promote agricultural production capacity. The purpose of this study is to identify the changes resulting from the land consolidation project (LCP) implementation, and to develop a parametric approach to assess the resource–environment effects. This study could promote the LCP planning, and provide the support for the decision-making of the LC authorities. The Tianmen land consolidation project in Hubei Province of China was chosen as a case study. The results of the case study showed LCP implementation results in great changes in land use types and their proportions, connectivity of field-roads, irrigation systems and drainage systems, plot numbers, plot shape and plot size. These changes bring both positive and negative effects to region environmental and economic system. Positive effects were demonstrated in agricultural production capacity and agricultural production cost and the negative effects were expressed by the ecosystem services value, landscape diversity and human disturbance intensity.  相似文献   

16.
Many researchers have noted that not only natural ecosystems but also landscapes actively modified by humans (engineered or designed ecosystems) can significantly impact the level of ecosystem goods and availability of services, thereby impacting human and social welfare. In New Zealand, agricultural lands are the largest area of engineered ecosystems on the national landscape. Study of the welfare effects of ecosystem services delivered by agricultural land can provide important insights into the management of engineered or designed ecosystems. This paper uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) and choice modelling to estimate values of four key ecosystem services: climate regulation, water regulation, soil retention and scenic views, for New Zealand land used for arable farming.  相似文献   

17.
One of the main causes of tropical forest loss is conversion to agriculture, which is constantly increasing as a dominant land cover in the tropics. The loss of forests greatly affects biodiversity and ecosystem services. This paper assesses the economic return from increasing tree cover in agricultural landscapes in two tropical locations, West Java, Indonesia and eastern Bangladesh. Agroforestry systems are compared with subsistence seasonal food-crop-based agricultural systems. Data were collected through rapid rural appraisal, field observation, focus groups and semi-structured interviews of farm households. The inclusion of agroforestry tree crops in seasonal agriculture improved the systems’ overall economic performance (net present value), even when it reduced understorey crop production. However, seasonal agriculture has higher income per unit of land area used for crop cultivation compared with the tree establishment and development phase of agroforestry farms. Thus, there is a trade-off between short-term loss of agricultural income and longer-term economic gain from planting trees in farmland. For resource-poor farmers to implement this change, institutional support is needed to improve their knowledge and skills with this unfamiliar form of land management, sufficient capital for the initial investment, and an increase in the security of land tenure.  相似文献   

18.
江苏省农业生态可持续发展评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
[目的]农业生态系统是国民经济的基础,是农民生活和农业发展的基础,农业生态系统的稳定和可持续发展对促进我国农业发展和国家稳定具有重大意义。[方法]文章利用能值分析法以2005—2016年为时间序列对江苏省农业生态系统进行研究,通过一系列指标评价其可持续性。[结果](1)环境贡献率分析结果表明,2005—2010年生态环境受到一定的影响,耕地面积逐渐减少,环境受到一定的影响, 2011年后,环境有所改善。(2)能值投入率分析结果表明,整体呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势, 2007—2012年能值投入率有所升高, 2014年达到最大值, 2014—2016年开始下降,该结果说明2008—2014年经济发展迅速。(3)环境负载率分析结果表明环境负载压力逐年上升,但2014—2016年环境负载率趋于稳定,说明江苏省对环境的利用达到一定的平衡。(4)能值可持续性指数分析结果表明各年指数均在3~4.5之间,说明江苏省农业生态系统处于较好的可持续发展状态。[结论]江苏省农业生态系统整体上发展较好,可持续发展潜力较大,但在发展农业的过程中注意推广先进的科学技术,提高资源利用效率,降低对环境的负载率,促进环境与农业生态的协调发展。  相似文献   

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