C.A.E.S. Student Prize Essay-1976

Commercial marketing of hogs in Manitoba has traditionally been characterized by great variability. This paper undertakes to analyze the major determinants of Manitoba's hog supply. A model is presented and the relative effectiveness of several possible stabilization programs is considered.
L'abbattage des porcs au Manitoba a toujours été trés variable. Cet article analyse les facteurs principaux qui détermine la production des porcs au Manitoba. Un modéle est proposé, et l'on discute l'efficacité relative de plusieurs programmes de stabilisation.     

E.E.C. FISHERIES POLICY

This paper looks at the special characteristics of the fishing industry which distinguish it from the rest of the ‘agricultural’ sector and which have made its organisation at E.E.C. level both politically and economically difficult. It examines the reasons for the moves behind the creation of a common fisheries policy, the difficulties which the Community of nine (and subsequently ten) countries had in adapting to rules worked out previously by the Six, the subsequent protracted negotiations and the eventual achievement of the new policy which was agreed in January, 1983. The details of the new Common Fisheries Policy are then outlined with possible future problems in the implementation of the policy as well as the opportunities it provides described by way of conclusion.     

欧盟共同农业粮食政策大改革

一、农业和粮食面临的新挑战 　　“欧盟”的前身是 1958年创立的欧洲经济共同体,目前其成员国已由 6个扩大到 15个。 　　1．粮食干预价格导致粮食库存量过大 ,财政补贴负担沉重 　　到 1998年 ,欧盟 15国的总面积为 323 63万平方公里 ,总人口 37458 3万人 ,农业利用总面积 12869 1万公顷 ,农业企业总数量 698 9万个 ,农业企业平均规模为 18 4公顷 ,农业总产值达 2134 67亿埃居 ,粮食自给率 117 5％ (不含大米 ,大米仅为 67 4％ ) ,食糖 138％ ,肉类为 108％ (包括牛肉 112％ ,猪肉 107％ ,禽肉 111％ ,羊肉 82％ )…     

U.S. AND E.E.C. POLICY ATTITUDES COMPARED TOWARDS THE 1977 INTERNATIONAL SUGAR AGREEMENT

The world sugar market is vulnerable to changes in Government domestic support policies: the impact of these policies for the volume of international trade is presented for the decade to 1978. Developments in U. S. and E. E. C. sugar policies and their implications for the world sugar market are analysed. The results of these policies for the negotiation and implementation of the 1977 International Sugar Agreement are examined.     

STRUCTURAL POLICIES FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE E.E.C.

The outcome of the Common Agricultural Policy, with its “managed” market for farm products, has been high prices and surplus production, the disposal of which incurs a heavy expenditure on market support. At the same time, structural changes have been relatively insignifcant in the absence of a coherent E.E.C. programme, and, farms remain predominantly small and uneconomic. Financial and social pressures have compelled the Comission of the E.E.C. to admit that the Common Agricultural Policy needs to be radically re-appraised. In December 1968, far-reaching proposals, the so-called “Mansholt Plan”, were put forward by the Comission. This paper outlines and compares the structural policies of E.E.C. member States, and considers their impact upon the structure of farming. An assessment is also made of the measures included in the Mansholt Plan and in subsequent Community proposals designed to raise farmers' living standards and to reduce the cost of the Common Agricultural Policy.