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1.
This paper provides a closer look into the concept of eco-regions in Austria. The idea behind the eco-region is to merge organic farming and rural development into a territorial strategy. The actors proposing this are farmers as well as various stakeholders in regional development. A survey of current manifestations of eco-regions in Austria provides an overview and a base for a preliminary classification. It also indicates the eco-region concept as a potential answer to individual problem situations. The ‘Eco-region National Park Hohe Tauern’ serves as a specific case to assess the impact of this concept using the sustainable rural livelihood (SRL) framework. The case study proves that the concept of eco-regions delivers a range of improvements in the livelihood of small organic farms in less favoured regions. Moreover it supports the forging of new alliances, which can extend the principles of sustainability inherent to organic farming to other actors and sectors in the region. Thus it provides the framework for a territorial application of the principles of organic farming. But the case study also reveals potential dangers, especially from powerful market partners who use the concept for their purposes, dominating further development and creating new dependencies. Finally some general conclusions on the preconditions necessary to establish eco-regions are presented.  相似文献   

2.
基于乡村振兴战略的实施背景,从乡村生态旅游业在农民增收中所起到的作用出发,探讨盐城市大丰区乡村旅游发展问题。通过对盐城地区进行实地调研分析,大丰区有发展乡村旅游的丰富资源和优势,具有非常大的开发潜力,但其重点产业发展阶段总体上仍然处于质量内涵不深的粗放型产业发展的阶段,生态资源综合利用不佳、扶贫攻坚成效低。提出了进一步扩大生态旅游重点产业发展规模、引入专业心人才、发挥当地贫困农户主观能动性作用、加强政府监管等政策建议。  相似文献   

3.
    
Rural livelihoods are complex systems of interrelating factors that include human, social, natural, physical and financial capitals. By looking at these capitals in the context of a rural Mapuche community in the Andean foothills, in the local area of Curarrehue (Araucanía Region), it is possible to discern the different challenges being faced and how these can be contextualized in terms of poverty and vulnerability linked to a limited resource base, and also the strong dependent relation with the state and its diverse public policies in the region. Using semi‐structured interviews with the community members, public‐sector officers and academics, and also field observations, this complex local scenario is analysed with a view to understanding the threats that exist for Mapuche livelihoods and the assets that they can mobilize to counter these threats. The paper concludes that physical, natural and financial assets are severely limited and remain the reasons why there is heavy dependency on state resources to maintain these subsistence livelihoods. Traditional knowledge is losing ground against increasingly transcultural influences and practices, while endemic biodiversity is being replaced with monoculture. Consequently, community members (human capital) – in particular, the younger generations – are leaving the community to seek more viable livelihood options, mostly in urban areas. These factors point to the limitations of these local livelihoods based on dependent small‐scale subsistence farming continuing in their current form. This situation poses a serious challenge for Mapuche rural communities and their traditional practices, and also for the Chilean state and the relationship between the two.  相似文献   

4.
传统的消费观念是建立在单一的经济发展的基础之上的,传统消费尽管在人类文明进程中的历史作用巨大,但传统消费观念、方式的不科学性对环境影响也是难以弥补的。可持续消费凸现出消费的公正性,从可持续发展的角度,提出了消费可持续发展的调控对策。  相似文献   

5.
[目的]研究乡村旅游与农村可持续生计耦合协调发展对促进乡村地区社会经济可持续高质量发展具有积极作用。[方法]文章通过构建乡村旅游与农村可持续生计系统指标体系,以熵值法与变异系数法综合确定指标权重,运用耦合协调度模型对2010—2019年青岛市城郊4区3市乡村旅游与农村可持续生计的耦合协调度进行测算,并运用地理探测器对空间布局的驱动机制进行分析。[结果](1)乡村旅游与农村可持续生计耦合协调度保持持续增长态势,乡村旅游产业发展势头强劲,农村可持续生计水平呈现波动增长。(2)从时空分异特征来看,2010年各区市多呈失调状态,2015年以中级协调为主,2019年黄岛区实现优质协调,其他区市达到良好协调状态。(3)单一影响因子分析显示人口密度对2010年耦合协调度分布状态解释力最强,乡村旅游景点密度对2015年、2019年耦合协调度分布状态解释力最强。(4)因子交互影响分析表明耦合协调度空间分异是多重因素综合作用的结果。[结论]各地区应着力于发挥乡村旅游资源要素集聚的推动力,培育特色鲜明的乡村旅游产业集群,实现资源合理开发与持续利用;聚焦乡村旅游产业高质量发展,发挥新型农业经营主体的带动作用,...  相似文献   

6.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The effectiveness of rural microfinance in improving livelihoods among people living in rural communities remains uncertain. This is not only because of weaknesses in the design and implementation of microfinance, but perhaps more critically because of constraints in the rural financial environment. Despite the existence of limited rigorous studies, this paper presents state‐of‐the‐art evidence on the impact of microfinance on beneficiaries, with particular emphasis on issues of rural finance, and argues that for microfinance to be more effective, not only do new impact methodologies and more diverse types of financial services need to be developed, but also, primarily, risks and operating costs need to be reduced to make rural clients more attractive to financial intermediaries.  相似文献   

7.
西南连片特困区的农村扶贫模式创新与思考   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
消除贫困、促进发展是全人类共同的理想。农村扶贫是发展农村经济,提高农民生活水平,构建和谐农村社会的重要手段之一。由于我国的城市化长期滞后于工业化,因此我国的贫困人口主要集中于农村地区。改革开放以来,我国大力推进扶贫开发战略,扶贫开发事业取得了显著成就。其中贫困人口大幅度减少,居民收入水平稳步提高,基本解决农村居民生存和温饱问题,社会事业不断取得进步。但我国西南连片特困区农村地区贫困人口多、分布广、贫困发生率较高,返贫率较高,仍是我国农村扶贫开发的重点区域。文章在总结国内外已有研究基础上,指出现阶段我国西南连片特困区农村扶贫面临农村基础设施薄弱、扶贫开发成本较高、相对贫困问题显现、市场体系建设不完善等主要困境,分析其农村扶贫模式的现实情况,进而提出相关政策建议,以期寻求西南连片特困区的农村扶贫模式的创新发展,促进其可持续发展。  相似文献   

8.
Rural Poverty and Development Strategies in Latin America   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
Several approaches to the study of poverty are discussed, to learn from their strengths as well as their weaknesses. For this purpose the concepts of marginality, social exclusion, new rurality and rural livelihoods, as well as the ethnic and gender dimensions of poverty, are examined. The debate on the peasantization (capitalization) or proletarianization (pauperization) of the peasantry sets the scene for the analysis of the different strategies adopted by peasants and rural labourers to secure their survival and perhaps achieve some prosperity. In examining the success or failure of interventions by governments, civil society and international organizations in the reduction of poverty, it is claimed that the State has a key role to perform. Furthermore, it is argued that poverty is caused and reproduced by the unequal distribution of resources and power at the household, local, national and international levels. Therefore, the starting point for the eradication of poverty has to be the implementation of a development strategy that addresses such inequalities while at the same time achieving competitiveness within the global system.  相似文献   

9.
In the marginal, upland regions of the Philippines, soil erosion and poverty are significant problems. The Landcare Programme has sought to address these twin problems. We assess the economic impacts of the Landcare Programme in the Province of Bohol. We first explore whether the adoption of Landcare practices, particularly those of contour farming and tree planting, in a highly degraded landscape has resulted in improved livelihood outcomes for upland farming families. Second, we analyse the potential for the piecemeal adoption of these measures to deliver tangible benefits at the watershed scale. Finally, using a benefit–cost approach, these outcomes are compared with the costs of research and extension projects that have helped achieve them. We conclude that the net economic impact of the Landcare Programme in Bohol is positive, with the primary beneficiaries being the individual households that adopt the Landcare practices. These benefits are largely generated by productive opportunities that arise once the hillsides have been stabilized. Although the downstream impacts of land-use changes associated with the Landcare Programme are positive, they are of marginal economic importance. Hence, the focus and primary justification of the Landcare Programme should be on improving the productivity and livelihoods of upland farming households.  相似文献   

10.
    
Summary

This paper considers how rural chartered surveyors in the UK have been responding to the increasing emphasis given to the concept of sustainable development. While recognizing the growing pressure both from clients and from professional leaders, survey results indicate a reluctance on the part of surveyors to embrace the concept of sustainable development, whether with respect to the management of their businesses or to client advice. Rather, evidence indicates that they have adopted a highly limited evocation of the term, concentrating primarily on the environment as a new market surface. Set in the wider context of the current debate over the competing environmental narratives of ecology and commodification, the paper suggests that rural chartered surveyors are, for the most part, firmly situated at the technocentric extreme of unsustainability. In making the case for a paradigmatic shift in the underlying emphasis of rural chartered surveyors’ environmental perceptions, therefore, the paper concludes with an outline of how an environmental policy could be developed, illustrated with current examples of good practice.  相似文献   

11.
加快推进贵州喀斯特生态旅游开发   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
有“喀斯特王国”之称的贵州省生态旅游资源非常丰富,发展以喀斯特为特征的生态旅游业得天独厚,发展生态旅游可有机地将扶贫开发与生态重建统一起来,实现社会经济的可持续发展。  相似文献   

12.
论农村信用社可持续发展的战略导向   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
农村信用社长期以来是在一种不稳定状态下运行和发展的,面对经济社会环境的复杂多变,农村信用社必须具有发展战略观念,探索和预见未来发展可能出现的影响和挑战,并做出正确的战略决策,才能求得持续的生存和发展。论述农村信用社可持续发展根本的出路在于不断改革挖掘内部的增长潜力,必须以农村金融资源的适度开发为途径,重视资源环境建设,注重科技、制度、人力资源的能力建设,注重社会效益的提升,并提出农村信用社可持续发展的战略取向。  相似文献   

13.
研究目的:在宅基地整治内涵分析的基础上,以农村家庭为单位,分析了宅基地整治对农村耐用消费品购买的影响。研究方法:建立多元线性回归模型,测算宅基地整治对农村家庭耐用消费品的影响因素及其显著性关系。研究结果:新房面积、社保覆盖情况、人均纯收入和家庭生命周期对家庭耐用消费品购买具有正向影响,宅基地置换剩余金额对家庭耐用消费品购买具有负向影响;其中新房面积和家庭人均纯收入的影响最为显著。研究结论:宅基地整治对增加家庭耐用消费品投资、改变农村消费结构和扩大国内消费需求具有显著作用。  相似文献   

14.
乡村韧性理论框架与测度体系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究目的:系统梳理乡村韧性理论框架与测度体系方面的研究现状,展望研究方向。研究方法:文献调研法。研究结果:(1)乡村韧性作为区域韧性的重要组成部分,其理论框架正经历由均衡论转向演进论的转换,呈现出维度多元化、尺度体系化、视角动态化的特点;(2)乡村韧性的测度体系主要包含了经济、社会、生态系统的冗余度、多元度、多尺度连结性三个维度,采用质性分析法、综合指数法、函数模型法进行定性与定量综合评估。研究结论:面向乡村地域系统的复杂性与动态性,应发展乡村韧性的综合性分析框架,提升情景模拟能力;构建乡村韧性的适应性测度体系,探索动态表征机制。  相似文献   

15.
    
Microcredit emerged in the 1970s as a mechanism whereby virtually all poor individuals could supposedly escape their poverty through self‐help and individual entrepreneurship. Crucially, neoliberal policy‐makers found the microcredit concept ideologically compelling, and the international development community soon began to provide massive support to establish and expand the microfinance movement. Today, however, even long‐standing microfinance advocates now reluctantly accept that microcredit has actually had no positive impact upon poverty or ‘bottom‐up’ rural development. In fact, those rural communities most exposed to microcredit have been severely damaged in a number of ways, especially through sub‐prime‐style ‘boom‐to‐bust’ episodes. Largely because of its supreme ideological usefulness, the microfinance movement nonetheless still retains some support in the major neoliberal‐oriented international development institutions, pro‐globalization think‐tanks, and in a number of Western governments.  相似文献   

16.
对国际应用系统研究所(IIASA)成立以来的第35届年会讨论的问题进行了综述。这个成立于1972年的由多国优秀科学家组成的国际研究组织,致力于从环境、经济、技术和社会等方面研究全球变化,为决策机构和科学社会提供有价值的模型和方法。目前在环境与资源、人口与社会、能源与技术等3个方面从事着200多项研究。此届年会旨在广泛讨论可持续的、公平的发展概念以及其实现途径。会议认为21世纪全球面临两个基本的挑战:改善全世界最贫穷的10亿人口的贫穷状态;保护大气、海洋、水循环和生物多样性等全人类的共同财产。会议提出了改善人类和社会资本,保护自然资本的议程;更积极地讨论了解决社会和环境问题的可能措施。  相似文献   

17.
关于我国能源技术水平战略设想   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
就我国现状看,要实现2020年的经济和社会发展目标,并保持2020年以后的可持续发展,我国的能源技术面临着巨大挑战;能源科技将为解决近、中、远期我国的能源问题提供有力支撑,是推动中国能源走向可持续发展的重要驱动力;通过对近、中、远期的能源问题通盘考虑综述了我国能源技术水平的战略设想。  相似文献   

18.
一直来乡村是社会经济发展相对落后的区域,进入21世纪,随着生态旅游业的兴起,乡村发展迎来了历史性的机遇。生态旅游作为最终需求型产业,其发展对当地乡村经济、生态和社会发展产生深刻影响。本文以浙江省临安市临目乡太湖源生态旅游开发为例,通过参与性方法(PRRA)和随机抽样调查方法,就生态旅游开发与乡村经济、生态和社会可持续发展关系进行了实证分析,认为生态旅游是实现乡村可持续发展的有效途径之一。  相似文献   

19.
中国能源安全现状及其可持续发展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
作为世界上第三大能源消费和进口国,中国的能源安全问题和能源安全战略的实施是我国保持持续平稳发展所必须认真面对的重要课题;从不同类型国家的能源安全战略对比分析以及对中国能源安全现实的剖析,提出了发展多元化能源结构、开发替代能源和发展高效节能技术等3个方面的应对战略和10个战术对策:资源开发与节约并举;加强立法和执法监督;推广节能技术和培养节能市场;加强能源消费和节能的宏观调控与政策指导;建立节能工程的鼓励机制;调整产业结构;建立节能示范区;普及节能教育和宣传;加强可再生能源建设;参与国际合作与交流,借鉴和吸收国际先进节能政策和法规。  相似文献   

20.
[目的]河南乡村旅游资源产业时空布局良好且发展潜力巨大,研究其乡村旅游开发与产业发展模式问题有重要的现实意义。[方法]文章采用文献资料法、个案研究法、经验总结法等方法以河南省乡村旅游产业为研究对象,探索其乡村旅游开发与产业发展模式的现状与特点、发展中存在的不足等相关问题。[结果]在此基础上,根据调查研究得出河南省应该从发展\"特色产业拉动\"模式、\"服务带动\"模式、\"景观休憩\"模式、\"文化探寻\"模式来提升河南省乡村旅游开发与产业发展质量。[结论]该研究解决了目前河南省乡村旅游业发展所面临的瓶颈,对于其实现可持续发展和深入推进新农村建设提供了可借鉴的参考。  相似文献   

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