生物药剂乙基多杀菌素对锈赤扁谷盗成虫的毒杀作用

室内测定生物杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素(spinetram)对主要储粮害虫锈赤扁谷盗成虫的控制作用。结果表明,乙基多杀菌素对锈赤扁谷盗成虫具有很强的触杀作用和种群抑制作用。当处理剂量为8μg/cm2,作用时间48 h时,乙基多杀菌素对锈赤扁谷盗成虫的校正死亡率达100%,半致死浓度LC50值1.934μg/cm2;当处理剂量为2 mg/kg时,乙基多杀菌素对锈赤扁谷盗成虫当代和子代种群抑制率均达100%。乙基多杀菌素对锈赤扁谷盗成虫没有驱避作用。     

乙基多杀菌素粉剂实仓防治储粮害虫的作用效果研究

在房式仓中,研究1.5 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg乙基多杀菌素粉剂作为保护剂防治储粮害虫的作用效果,以仓虫敌和硅藻土作为对照药剂。结果表明,在施药后,各试验处理仓在南方高温季6、7、8、9月份均能有效控制玉米象、谷蠹、锈赤扁谷盗和赤拟谷盗等主要害虫的发生,不计算书虱的数量,各药剂处理仓储粮均维持基本无虫粮,可以实现全年不使用磷化氢熏蒸的目标,说明乙基多杀菌素防治储粮害虫的作用效果与化学药剂相当;同时,1.5 mg/kg、1.0 mg/kg乙基多杀菌素和仓虫敌对书虱的虫口减退率分别为81.6%、71.7%和33.3%,硅藻土对书虱抑制作用很小。因此,将乙基多杀菌素开发成生物储粮保护剂具有广阔的应用前景。     

2种微生物源物质对麦蛾的控制作用

试验通过拌粮法,室内测定了2种微生物源物质乙基多杀菌素和甲维盐对主要储粮害虫麦蛾的子代种群抑制作用.在4 mg/kg的剂量条件下,2种微生物源药剂对麦蛾子代种群抑制率达100％,2mg/kg的剂量条件下,乙基多杀菌素和甲维盐对麦蛾子代种群抑制率分别为94.7％和78.3％,麦蛾对乙基多杀菌素的敏感性高于甲维盐.结果表明,2种微生物杀虫剂对麦蛾均具有很强的子代种群抑制作用.本试验结果对微生物杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素和甲维盐在储粮害虫生物防治方面的合理应用提供了基本依据。     

生物制剂与化学制剂防治储粮害虫效果的对比研究

在房式仓中采用实仓试验的方法,进行了生物制剂乙基多杀菌素乳剂、植物性制剂蛇床子素粉剂与化学制剂甲基嘧啶硫磷粉剂、仓虫敌粉剂对储粮害虫防治效果对比试验。结果表明,乙基多杀菌素乳剂和蛇床子素粉剂在实仓试验中对储粮害虫防治效果显著,与甲基嘧啶硫磷粉剂、仓虫敌粉剂防治效果相当,是亟待开发极具前景的"绿色"的理想储粮防护剂。     

草地贪夜蛾应急防治用药推荐名单

根据2019年各地草地贪夜蛾防治用药效果调查,经农业农村部组织专家评估,现将农办农〔2019〕13号文件发布的草地贪夜蛾应急防治用药推荐名单优化调整如下:甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、茚虫威、四氯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、虱螨脲、虫螨腈、乙基多杀菌素、氟苯虫酰胺。     

复配剂对3种主要储粮害虫防治效果试验

为了提高微生物杀虫剂甲维盐对3种常见储粮害虫的杀虫效果,利用4 mg/kg甲维盐与不同浓度的微生物杀虫剂乙基多杀菌素复配,室内研究甲乙复配剂对3种主要储粮害虫玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹的杀虫效果。研究结果显示,当甲乙浓度比(mg/kg)为4∶1时,甲乙复配剂能够100%防治玉米象和锈赤扁谷盗,对谷蠹的防治率为97.8%。结果表明,甲维盐微生物储粮防护剂具有较好的开发前景,但仍需进一步优化配方。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定谷物和油料中10种有机磷农药残留

本文介绍了谷物和油料中甲拌磷、倍硫磷、乐果、辛硫磷、三唑磷、乙硫磷、马拉硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、敌敌畏、毒死蜱共10种有机磷农药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。样品经乙腈提取、石墨化碳/氨基固相萃取柱净化;质谱采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式测定。结果显示,10种农药在0.1～4μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(R~20.99),方法定量限最低为0.15μg/kg,在20μg/kg、100μg/kg、400μg/kg加标水平下回收率范围为60.6%～113.2%,相对标准偏差为1.21%～14.76%。该方法灵敏度较高、准确度良好,适用于谷物和油料中有机磷农药残留的常规检测。     

小麦中赭曲霉毒素A含量测定方法的改进研究

目的:优化GB 5009.96-2016中赭曲霉毒素A检测的前处理方法和色谱条件,以适应大批量样本的检测。方法:样品经甲醇:水(V∶V=80∶20)漩涡提取、免疫亲和层析净化,超高效液相色谱法测定。色谱条件为Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD C18反相柱(100mm×2.1mm,粒径1.9μm),流动相为1%乙酸水-乙腈(V∶V=60∶40),流速为0.25m L/min,进样量4μL,柱温:25℃,荧光检测激发波长333nm,发射波长460nm。结果:赭曲霉毒素A在1.00~20.00ng/m L时具有良好的线性关系,相关系数R2=0.999 7,加标回收率为82.9%~90.1%,精密度RSD5.1%~6.1%。本方法实验用时和流动相用量分别比国标法减少72.8%和87.5%。结论:本方法适用于小麦中赭曲霉毒素A含量的测定且更灵敏、高效和环保。在大批量样品分析中可有效节约时间、材料成本。     

SPE-GCMS/MS法测定粮食中的10种有机磷

本试验建立了气相色谱-质谱-质谱联用测定粮食中10种有机磷(敌敌畏、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、杀螟松、甲基嘧啶磷、乐果、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、久效磷)的方法。样品经固相萃取和全平行浓缩仪前处理后,用乙酸乙酯复溶,过滤后进入TSQ9000-GC/GC联用仪测定,用Auto-SRM方法优化,外标法定量。结果表明,10种有机磷线性关系良好(R0.99),加标回收率为99.1%～102.5%,精密度RSD为3.02%～5.92%。本方法简便、快捷,结果更加准确,并成功应用于实际粮食样品中10种有机磷的测定。     

气相色谱法测定大米中8种有机磷农药残留量

本文建立使用气相色谱法同时测定大米中敌敌畏、久效磷、乐果、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、乙硫磷、三唑磷、甲拌磷8种有机磷农药残留量的方法。样品经丙酮提取,上清液经过净化、浓缩处理,外标法定量。样品中8种有机磷加标回收率为73.4%~88.2%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~3.7%,最低检出限达到6.9×10~(-4)~7.8×10~(-3)μg/mL。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.