打造生态品牌 发展林区经济

1.打生态效益牌,开发旅游产业 凤凰山坐落在山河屯林业局凤凰山林场,海拔1690m,被称为龙江"第一山",凤凰山有大森林、大冰雪、大峡谷、大瀑布、高山大花园。曾以UFO事件而受到国内外关注,2001年被批准为国家级森林公园。笔者认为应该充分利用这一得天独厚的自然资源开发旅游产业。在全面加强基础设施建设的同时,以民俗民情、自然特色、森林惊险探游为基调,     

国际化旅游产业发展视角下的乡村营地旅游项目开发研究

乡村营地旅游已经成为乡村旅游重要组成部分,从国际化旅游产业发展视角研究乡村营地旅游项目开发具有一定前瞻性和借鉴意义。当前,乡村营地项目旅游项目开发正面临缺乏顶层设计、企业与政府开发缺少平台、项目开发缺乏特色污染环境、国际经验不足等问题,为此从国际化旅游产业视角出发,针对存在问题提出合理化建议,有助于乡村营地旅游项目开发顺利进行。     

打造生态品牌 发展林区经济

凤凰山坐落在山河屯林业局凤凰山林场，海拔1690m，被称为龙江“第一山”，凤凰山有大森林、大冰雪、大峡谷、大瀑布、高山大花园。曾以UFO事件而受到国内外关注，2001年被批准为国家级森林公园。笔者认为应该充分利用这一得天独厚的自然资源开发旅游产业。在全面加强基础设施建设的同     

文旅深度融合背景下乡村旅游产业国际化发展策略研究

党的二十大报告中明确提出,要坚持以文塑旅、以旅彰文,推进文化与旅游深度融合发展。在文旅深度融合背景下,发展旅游产业的过程中将乡村文化与旅游充分结合,积极弘扬乡村文化,释放乡村旅游产业发展活力。另外,在加强文旅深度融合的基础上促进乡村旅游产业国际化发展,加快乡村产业与国际接轨的速度,切实提高乡村旅游产业发展水平,增强乡村旅游产业国际竞争力。文章分析了文旅深度融合背景下乡村旅游产业发展现状,指出了乡村旅游产业国际化发展的必要性,提出了乡村旅游产业国际化发展策略,旨在促进乡村旅游产业可持续发展。     

“农家乐”旅游产业开发与拓展的路径选择

文章从农家乐旅游市场开发的意义及目前存在的主要问题入手,根据党的十七届三中全会《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)精神,讨论农家乐旅游向经营集约化、管理规范化、产品特色化、收益多元化、市场国际化和建设生态化的方向发展,是实践科学发展观、拓展乡村旅游应当选择的正确路径。     

基于质量屋模型的森林公园旅游产品评价研究

为了对森林公园旅游产品的效果进行评价,指导森林公园的后续发展,文章利用质量功能展开工具和模糊综合评判方法,从游客需求的角度出发建立森林公园旅游产品评价模型,并以凤凰山国家森林公园为例进行实证研究。实证结果符合实际情况,验证了评价模型的合理性和可行性。分析结果表明:游客对景观和环境最为看重,且森林公园为资源依托型;凤凰山国家森林公园能够较好地满足游客需求,但还存在提升空间。     

海岛旅游多元化发展的探讨

本文运用景观生态学原理对我国海岛旅游的多元化发展进行了探讨.重点对海岛生态游、海岛高端旅游、无人岛旅游等新兴海岛旅游开发做了论述.提出在坚持对海岛"先保护,后开发"、"重点保护,适度开发"、"多自然发展,少人为改造"等原则下,多元化地开发海岛旅游,科学地构建海岛旅游结构,从而为海岛可持续发展提供行业支持,实现海岛经济、环境、生态和社会的和谐发展.     

“农家乐”旅游产业开发与拓展的路径选择

文章从“农家乐”旅游市场开发的意义及目前存在的主要问题入手，根据党的十七届三中全会《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题的决定》（以下简称《决定》）精神，讨论“农家乐”旅游向经营集约化、管理规范化、产品特色化、收益多元化、市场国际化和建设生态化的方向发展，是实践科学发展观、拓展乡村旅游应当选择的正确路径。     

芜湖市工业旅游开发的若干思考

工业旅游是一种新型旅游产品,具有丰富的知识性、独特的观赏性、多重的效益性等特点.工业旅游开发对优化区域旅游产品结构,推动区域旅游发展,提高工业企业效益都有着重要意义.在分析芜湖市工业旅游开发背景条件、发展现状及存在问题的基础上,指出应采取政府主导、企业合作、丰富内容、加大宣传等策略促进芜湖市工业旅游的发展.     

皂河:全新打造文化名镇

目前,随着我国工业化、城市化和经济国际化的快速推进,人们的旅游需求也随之大幅增长,对旅游业的发展也提出了新的更高要求.皂河镇作为宿迁旅游板块的龙头,如何顺时应势,把握机遇,抢占先机,扩大影响,真正把皂河打造成为全国历史旅游文化名镇,为全市创建省级优秀旅游城市作出应有的贡献.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Evaluating Alternative Policy Responses to Higher World Food Prices: The Case of Increasing Rice Prices in Madagascar

Higher world food prices have led many developing countries to adopt policies to mitigate the impact on low-income households. This article sets out a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the efficiency, distributional, and revenue implications of alternative policy responses. The model is applied to evaluate tariff reductions and targeted transfers in Madagascar. Although lowering tariffs generates substantial efficiency gains, these accrue mainly to the top half of the welfare distribution, and poor net sellers are actually worse off. Developing a system of targeted direct transfers to poor households is likely to be a substantially more cost-effective approach to poverty alleviation.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Transaction Cost Thresholds in International Rice Markets

Recent episodes of high and volatile prices for grains such as rice have raised concerns about their implications for hunger and poverty. We model price relationships between international rice prices and 221 domestic prices in 47 developing countries that import rice. We use a threshold vector error correction model that accounts for transaction costs of trade in spatial price transmission, and an improved regularised Bayesian threshold estimator for threshold models. Our results show that threshold values are higher after 2008 than before, which suggests that transaction costs in international rice trade have increased in recent years. Threshold values are highest for Latin American countries followed by African and Asian countries, and higher for retail than for wholesale prices. Since 2008, price transmission is slower in countries that responded to high and volatile prices with domestic market‐based interventions such as price controls and faster in countries that responded by lowering tariffs and by implementing production support measures.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.