农田土地整理与平整模型研究——以湖北省老河口市土地整理项目为例

以前的土地整理方面文章中没有土地平整工程模型研究,涉及到的往往都是些土方量计算,这不利于土地平整工作的顺利开展.鉴于此,在介绍土地平整的原则、方法及存在问题等基础上,试探性地提出了土地平整工程模型,并结合具体项目对此模型进行了应用研究.结果表明所建立的模型切实可行,对以后的土地整理项目中土地平整工作具有极大的参考利用价值,将使土地平整工程更加高效地完成.     

土地整理中土地平整工程的若干方法探讨

土地平整工程是土地整理项目的重要内容之一,土地平整的精度不仅影响到整理后的土地质量,而且关系到投资大小与效益问题.基于此等重要性,对土地平整应遵循的技术标准、基本方法、平整单元的确定、农田田面高程设计等问题进行了说明,尤其是针对土地平整中的方格网法以及散点法进行了重点分析,并采用工程实例对其结果进行了对比分析.     

应用DEM计算土方量更准确

土地平整工程是土地整理项目的核心内容,是实现农田水利化、农业机械化的重要条件,是建设高产稳产、旱涝保收基本农田的重要措施.而土地平整工程中土方量计算又具有很大的主观性和可塑性,其平整精度不但影响到土地整理后的土地质量,而且关系到投资大小等问题,因而备受各方关注.     

耕地整理潜力评价指标体系研究——以湖南省攸县为例

从耕地整理的主体工程出发,采用层次分析法,多因素综合分析法建立耕地整理潜力评价指标体系并实现指标的定量化,并以湖南省攸县鸭塘铺土地整理项目为例进行分析.研究结果表明:耕地整理潜力评价,主要从可利用空间扩展、生产力提高、生产成本降低和生态环境改善等四个方面选取指标,将土地平整工程、田间道路工程、农田水利工程和其他工程所要达到的目标进行定量化,定量反映和衡量耕地整理潜力.为耕地整理潜力评价提供一条思路与方法,为土地整理决策与规划设计提供科学的依据.     

石灰岩山间盆地土地整理研究--以重庆市云阳县上坝为例

由于石灰岩山间盆地的地形地貌特点,水土流失和蓄水问题都很突出。因此,石灰岩山间盆地的土地整理应以土地平整和水利设施建设为重点。石灰岩山间盆地土地整理的工程量大,材料耗用多,建议适当提高石灰岩山间盆地的土地整理投资标准,增加土地整理投入,使石灰岩山间盆地的土地整理工作能保质按时完成,收到实效。     

重庆市土地整理项目过程后评价

通过借鉴一般性投资项目的后评价方法及内容,在分析重庆市的区域特性和进行区域划分的基础上,选取不同区域的项目作为研究对象,对典型研究项目进行过程后评价,以展现重庆市在土地整理实施过程中的成果与问题,为后续土地整理项目借鉴和参照。研究表明:项目的规划设计工作还有待加强,施工监管工作还有待进一步改善提高等。     

土地整理对耕地质量的影响

以较大样本数据为基础,采用汇总、归纳、分析的方法,分析研究土地整理对区域耕地质量的影响。研究表明土地整理对区域耕地质量提升显著,但不同项目区耕地质量提升幅度差别较大;中低等别耕地整理后质量提升幅度较大,高等别耕地整理后质量提升幅度较小;土地整理已成为区域耕地质量提升的主要驱动力。建议将土地整理项目实施后耕地质量的提升幅度作为项目立项、审批、验收的硬性指标,进一步强化土地整理项目质量管理;优先选择中低等别耕地或中低等别耕地相对集中的区域进行整理,保障和加大资金的投入,确保土地整理持续进行。     

土地整理项目的质量控制问题的研究

土地整理工作意义重大，抓好土地整理项目的质量控制，是土地整理工作成败的一个关键。本文从总结和分析了当前土地整理项目中影响土地整理项目质量的因素，针对性的提出了控制和提高土地整理项目质量的意见和建议。     

基于DEM的丘陵山区土地整理项目辅助决策

研究目的:借助DEM进行丘陵山区土地整理项目辅助决策,以期为丘陵山区土地整理项目的规划设计工作提供参考.研究方法:利用项目区大比例尺地形图及相关资料建立DEM,利用ARCGIS等软件,实现项目区总体规划方案,工程项目规划和工程量测算等方面的辅助决策.研究结果:采用DEM进行丘陵山区土地整理项目辅助决策方法可行且可提高工作效率、增强设计精度.研究结论:利用DEM在空间地形处理方面的优势,可为复杂地形条件下的土地整理项目提供辅助决策,有必要利用DEM和GIS软件的空间分析与处理功能,在常用GIS平台上开发一套专用于土地整理项目规划设计的工具包,从总体上提高土地整理工作科技水平.     

浅议土地整理与土地生态保护

目前,一些地方在开展农地整理工作时,片面强调增加耕地面积,改进农业生产条件,提高耕地质量,却忽视了改善区域生态环境的重要性,致使土地整理后的自然生态环境遭到一定程度的破坏,进而危及土地可持续发展和生物多样性。1.土地整理项目忽视生态效益的原因分析。从土地利用总体规划上看。现阶段的土地利用总体规划在制定的时候往往着眼于提高土地的集约利用水平、提高土地的质量、达到土地的适度规模经营、改善生产条件以及提高农村现代化水平等方面,对于土地整理的生态保护这一要求考虑甚少,也缺乏对土地整理规划在生态保护方面的合理性的论…     

不同模式农地整治对耕地细碎化的影响效应 及其区域差异 ——来自湖北省江汉平原与武陵山区的经验证据

研究目的：基于湖北省江汉平原、武陵山区483份农户调查数据,分析不同模式农地整治对耕地细碎化的影响效应及其区域差异,探求适应现代农业发展的耕地细碎化治理新路径。研究方法：综合指数法、双重差分模型。研究结果：（1）政府主导模式和新农主导模式通过促进地块集中连片的土地平整工程,改善农业生产关系的权属调整工作,共同降低自然因素和产权因素造成的耕地细碎化;（2）相对于政府主导模式,新农主导模式定位于现代农业发展,农地流转与农地整治的耦合度更高,土地平整工程和权属调整的比例更高,对耕地细碎化的治理效果也更为明显;（3）与丘陵山区农地整治相比,平原地区农地整治更能显著降低耕地细碎化。研究结论：建议继续大力实施政府主导模式和新农主导模式的农地整治,结合区域自然资源禀赋、产业布局、区位优势,总结和完善农地整治的地域模式,因地制宜地推进土地平整工程和权属调整工作,全面促进现代农业高质量发展。     

基于农田高程信息快速采集系统的平整精度评价方法

研究目的：提出土地开发整理中农田平整精度评价特别是坡式田块平整精度评价的解决方案。研究方法：理论研究与野外实验相结合，方法研究与技术研究相结合。研究结果：设计了农田平整精度评价技术路线和田面平整度、田面坡度的算法，并开发了软件模块。研究结论：试验表明，运用农田平整精度评价系统，可在野外方便、快捷地对农田平整精度进行出量化的评价。     

Effects of agricultural land consolidation on soil conservation service in the Hilly Region of Southeast China – Implications for land management

Land consolidation has a long history, and it has currently become one of the most extensive and well-organized human activities in China. Agricultural land consolidation (ALC) will change land use patterns, vegetation coverage, as well as the physical and chemical properties of soil through a series of engineering and biological measures that in turn affect the soil conservation service of ecosystems. This paper analyzes the effects of ALC on soil conservation service in the Hilly Region of Southeast China based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The main results were as follows: (1) ALC improved the soil conservation service of cultivated land; (2) variations in the soil conservation service were strongly related to rainfall, slope, area of newly converted cultivated land, earth volume of land leveling, earth volume of topsoil stripping and backfilling, reconstructed farm roads, newly built production roads, length of new irrigation systems, newly built drainage systems, number of new dams, and newly built revetments; (3) the newly established multiple regression models used in this paper could describe the relationship between the soil conservation service and significant impact factors. This study will help researchers to better understand the interactions between land management and ecosystem service provisioning as well as provide a scientific basis for policymakers as they put forward new land management policies.     

Agricultural land use sustainability in Southwest Iran: Improving land leveling using consolidation plans

In recent years, sustainability has always been one of the most important approaches in policy making and program development in general, especially in the agricultural sector. On the other hand, land leveling and consolidation programs are usually implemented as the development programs of the agricultural sector in different regions of Iran. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the agricultural sustainability in two different regions (with and without land leveling and consolidation) in Zarghan District, Fars Province, Iran. In this research, a quantitative research approach has been used, and data were collected in two phases using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the first phase of the study showed that in the leveled and consolidated lands, the ecological dimension is potentially in a good status of sustainability, but social and economic dimensions are in a moderate status. In the unleveled and unconsolidated lands, the ecological dimension is potentially in a good status, while the social dimension is in a moderate, and economic dimensions are in a potentially weak status of sustainability. In addition, comparing the results of the two groups of lands demonstrated that there is a significant difference between them in terms of ecological and economic sustainability, and in consolidated and leveled lands, ecological and economic sustainability are in a more favorable status. Furthermore, the results of the second phase of the research indicated that agricultural activities in both categories of land are beneficial. However, the net present value of agricultural activities revenues in the leveled and consolidated lands is higher than those of the areas outside the coverage of this plan. Therefore, it can be concluded that agricultural activities in leveled and consolidated lands, not only have a better status in terms of sustainability but also have a higher economic justification.     

Land owners’ perception of land consolidation and their satisfaction with the results – Slovenian experiences

Land consolidation has been an important instrument of rural development for over a century throughout Europe. Nowadays, land consolidation can be an integral part of both rural and urban development projects, but the focus of our study is on land consolidation in rural areas. In addition to the efforts aimed at making agriculture and forestry more competitive through a comprehensive reallocation process, improvement of road and drainage networks, landscaping, environmental management, conservation projects, and other functions may be implemented in land consolidation. There are differences in the objectives and procedures of land consolidation among the countries. Beside the formal institutional framework of land consolidation, informal institutions can have a substantial influence on the implementation of land consolidation. In the article, the past experiences in the field of land consolidation in Slovenia are presented, which are still reflected in the limited acceptability of this instrument among land owners. Furthermore, the current institutional (legal) framework is analyzed in detail. The main objective of the research was to investigate the opinion of land consolidation participants about land consolidation. Based on the field survey conducted on a sample of private land owners involved in selected land consolidation projects we tried to define the advantages and disadvantages of the current practice. The main finding is that the active participation of land owners contributes to their comprehension of the aims and to their satisfaction with the results of the land consolidation. It has been shown that the active participation of land owners in the land consolidation is the basis for developing good practices; moreover, it affects the land owners’ perception of land consolidation. The transfer of knowledge and representation of good practices among actors are still needed, in particular because of bad experiences in the past (i.e. enforced and environmentally unfriendly projects) and the traditional emotional attachment to land among land owners. In parallel, there is a great need to provide an optimization of the land consolidation process in Slovenia.     

全域土地整治的“反规划”思路探讨

为应对资源承载趋紧、生态环境约束大和粮食安全等问题,以及生态文明建设、城乡一体化战略发展需求,全域整治成为土地整治内涵功能变化新的特征,也是指导土地整治实践的重要思想和亟待深化探索的重要举措。文章从全域土地整治概念出发,运用文献整理及归纳推理的研究方法,分析了全域土地整治突出全地域空间和综合部署的重要性,详细阐述了"反规划"理念对全域土地整治的指导借鉴作用和关注重点,提出了"反规划"理念下全域整治的目标、途径和方法流程。研究指出,全域土地整治应采用逆向规划方法,通过对全域土地系统与景观生态过程的整体诊断,优先建设生态基础设施,然后确定土地整治的工程建设目标和内容,维护土地生态系统的完整性。该文所阐释的通过反规划途径来营造健康土地环境目的的全域土地整治思路,可为深化土地整治探索,推动我国土地整治向景观生态型土地整治转变提供理论参考。     

农用地整理对区域景观动态与生态风险影响研究——以福建省建溪流域为例

研究目的:以福建省建溪流域为例,基于2010—2016年的景观类型数据和农用地整理数据,分析农用地整理对区域景观动态和生态风险的影响。研究方法:单一变量法,景观格局指数,生态风险指数。研究结果:(1)2010—2016年间通过农用地整理工程增加的耕地主要在海拔高于300 m的区域;(2)农用地整理工程中的新增耕地主要来源于草地、园地和林地,也有部分城镇村及工矿用地、交通用地等由于村庄合并或矿区土地复垦等原因被整理为耕地;(3)每一种农用地整理工程类型都是一种风险源,其释放的风险压力主要有景观单一化和景观破碎化两种;(4)2010—2016年建溪流域的生态风险值介于2 386.11～2 394.76,2010年后生态风险指数逐年降低。研究结论:本文对大尺度上关于农用地整理对景观生态的影响研究有借鉴意义,可以为区域尺度的土地利用优化设计和农用地整理设计规划提供科学依据。     

Monitoring the effects of land consolidation on the ecological environmental quality based on remote sensing: A case study of Chaohu Lake Basin,China

As a kind of activity to break down the original land ecosystem, land consolidation causes the ecosystem to undergo a process of “stability-unstable-stable”. The Chaohu Lake Basin is a typical traditional agricultural planting area and extensive implementation of large-scale land consolidation projects. By monitoring the impact of land consolidation activities in a specific time period in the basin on the project areas and surrounding environment, the spatial and temporal impacts of large-scale land consolidation on regional eco-environmental quality are analyzed. This study mainly monitors crop growth, soil moisture and temperature changes in the land consolidation project area, and the corresponding changes in the surrounding environment. The response of ecological environment factors caused by land consolidation can be embodied in indicators such as humidity, greenness, heat and dryness. Four indicators of NDVI, WET, LST, and NDBSI were selected, using principal component analysis, monitoring the environmental quality changes in the land consolidation areas of Chaohu Lake Basin. Result shows that the ecological environmental quality of the study area exhibits long-term convergence and short-term divergence, and the correlation between the ecological indicators is not significant. The average contribution rate of the first principal component eigenvalue is 67.94 %. The implementation period of the land consolidation project will seriously interfere with the ecological environment, but it can be restored within 3–5 years after implementation, and the ecological environmental quality of the project area will continue to improve. Land consolidation not only can improve the quality of the ecological environment in the consolidation area, but also can promote the surrounding environment. The findings provide theoretical basis and decision guidance for the improvement of land consolidation planning and design (reconstruction) in China, and offer suggestions on strategy-oriented support and scientific basis for promoting the long-term development of land consolidation worldwide.