研发补助对企业绿色创新的非线性影响

加快企业绿色低碳发展是实现“双碳”目标与高质量发展的关键,政府行为能够弥补绿色创新在市场经济体制下存在的“双重外部性”缺陷。根据2010～2022年A股上市企业数据,分析研发补助对企业绿色创新的非线性影响,利用多重因果中介模型（CMA）进行作用渠道检验。结果发现：研发补助与企业绿色创新间存在倒“U”型关系;创新投入与融资约束在研发补助与企业绿色创新间存在中介效应,且融资约束发挥“遮掩效应”。     

政府补助、研发投入与创业板上市公司绩效——基于中介效应检验

选取我国创业板上市公司2017年的数据,基于温忠麟中介效应检验模型进行实证分析,研究发现:一方面政府补助有利于企业绩效的提升,对企业的研发投入也有显著的正向作用,研发投入在政府补助与企业绩效间起部分中介作用;另一方面,政府补助会削弱研发投入对企业绩效的影响,究其原因可能是企业更多的利用政府补助扩大了其规模,而导致研发投入不足。提出了政府应当明确补助用途,并做好后续监督工作,制定合理的补助额度与政策等建议。     

政府补助对企业研发投入和创新绩效的影响研究

政府补助一直是研究的热点,是许多学者关注的焦点。本文着重探究了政府补助对企业自主研发和创新绩效的影响,利用国泰安数据库中2013～2016年创业板231家上市公司数据,结合回归模型分析得出:政府补助能够激励企业研发总投入,但不利于企业自主研发投入,同时政府补助越多,越有利于创新产出,从而提高企业的创新绩效,利于企业创新。     

研发投入的高管股权激励因素效应分析

本文以2007-2010年已披露研发支出的制造业、信息技术业上市公司为研究样本,实证分析高管持股对研发投入的影响。研究发现:高管持股比例与企业研发投入呈正相关关系;而且这一关系在不同成长能力、负债水平的企业中具有显著的差异性。     

高管激励、董责险与研发投入 ——基于上市企业视角

本文以2012—2020年沪深上市企业数据为研究对象,对高管激励、董事高管责任险与研发投入的关系进行探讨.实证研究表明,高管激励对企业的研发投入具有显著的积极影响,董责险对研发投入的影响并不显著.通过进一步分析,董责险与高管股权激励之间存在显著的正向交互效应,增强了高管股权激励对研发投入的正向影响,而董责险对高管薪酬激...     

基于区域差异视角的R＆D投入与企业业绩关系研究——来自创业板上市公司的经验证据

以创业板市场2009～2011年上市公司为样本,根据技术创新理论和权变理论研究研发投入、地理区域与企业业绩的关系。实证结果发现：创业板上市公司研发投入对企业业绩具有显著的促进作用;地理区域因素显著地影响企业的业绩表现,但是它并不能调节研发投入与企业业绩的关系。     

研发费用加计扣除对企业研发投入与企业财务风险的影响研究

研发费用的税收优惠的调节作用是影响研发投入与财务风险的关系重要因素。本文引入研发费用税收加计扣除强度作为调节变量，构建新的模型，对2017—2021年A股上市的电子设备制造企业的面板数据进行实证研究分析。研究表明，研发投入强度越大财务风险越大，而研发费用加计扣除政策可以缓解高研发投入带来的财务风险。     

人工智能企业战略变革与绩效的关系研究——基于内部控制的调节作用

本文以RESSET数据库中2010-2018年人工智能概念板块的37家上市企业为样本,以战略变革和内部控制为切入点,构造实证分析模型来研究战略变革与企业绩效之间的关系以及内部控制的调节作用。结果表明:人工智能企业总体战略变革与绩效之间呈显著的倒U型关系,内部控制的投入对企业总体战略变革与绩效的倒U型关系具有显著的正向调节作用。具体的职能战略方面,市场营销战略、研发战略、生产运营战略和财务战略变革均与企业绩效之间呈显著的倒U型关系,而人力资源战略变革与企业绩效呈负相关关系。内部控制的投入对市场营销战略、生产运营战略和人力资源战略变革与绩效的倒U型关系具有显著的正向调节作用,对研发战略和财务战略变革与绩效的关系具有负向调节作用。     

销售费用、研发投入对企业绩效的影响

本文以2018～2022年医药上市公司制造业314家企业为研究对象,探究上市医药制造业企业销售费用、研发投入与企业绩效的关系。采用实证分析方法,最终得出销售费用、研发投入均与企业绩效呈现负相关关系。因此,在医药制造业企业经营过程中,要根据企业实际发展情况,控制销售费用和研发费用投入力度,为企业带来良好的经济效益,从而进一步推动医药制造业发展。     

研发投入影响IPO抑价吗?--基于我国A股市场实证分析

从信息不对称角度出发,提出研发投入与IPO抑价相关性假设,采用多元回归分析法对IPO抑价与研发强度之间的关系进行了实证研究。继而进一步分析研究专利信息的披露是否能够有效缓解信息不对称继而降低IPO抑价。结果表明:企业研发投入强度,因研发本身的高度不确定性和披露制度的不完善,与IPO抑价呈正相关关系;专利披露,作为评价研发工作成果的积极市场信号,对IPO抑价的缓解作用未得到证实。     

The research cost of adapting agriculture to climate change: A global analysis to 2050

Investments in agricultural research and development (R&D) made over the next few decades will likely prove critical in offsetting adverse climate change impacts on the global food system. In this study, we offer cost estimates of public R&D-led adaptation to climate change grounded in an explicit framework relating the flow of annual R&D expenditures to building knowledge capital and thereby raising productivity in agriculture. Our research uses a comprehensive collection of historical public agricultural R&D expenditure and a literature review of elasticity estimates linking knowledge stocks to agricultural productivity growth for key world regions. Given climate-driven crop yield projections generated from extreme combinations of crop and global circulation models, we find that offsetting crop yield losses projected by climate and crop models over 2006–2050 would require increased R&D adaptation investments of between $187 billion and $1,384 billion (in 2005 $PPP) if we invest between 2020 and 2040. This is 16–118% higher than global R&D investment if present spending trends continue. Although these costs are significant, worldwide R&D-led climate adaptation could offer favorable economic returns. Moreover, R&D-led adaptation could deliver gains in food security and environmental sustainability by mitigating food price increases and slowing cropland expansion.     

On the Adoption of Genetically Modified Seeds in Developing Countries and the Optimal Types of Government Intervention

Given the proprietary nature of most genetically modified (GM) seed technologies, the question arises as to how farmers in developing countries can gain proper access. Based on empirical observations, a theoretical model is developed, focusing on farmers' adoption decisions in response to pricing strategies of a foreign monopolist and a domestic supplier of conventional seeds. Government interventions, such as seed subsidies, encouragement of R&D, and intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement, and their effects on GM coverage and national welfare are analyzed. The possibility of the government obtaining a license to distribute GM seeds domestically through a transfer to the monopolist is also considered.     

Exploring the impact of R&D and climate change on agricultural productivity growth: the case of Western Australia*

This article empirically examines the impact of R&D and climate change on the Western Australian Agricultural sector using standard time series econometrics. Based on historical data for the period of 1977–2005, the empirical results show that both R&D and climate change matter for long‐run productivity growth. The long‐run elasticity of total factor productivity (TFP) with respect to R&D expenditure is 0.497, while that of climate change is 0.506. There is a unidirectional causality running from R&D expenditure to TFP growth in both the short run and long run. Further, the variance decomposition and impulse response function confirm that a significant portion of output and productivity growth beyond the sample period is explained by R&D expenditure. These results justify the increase in R&D investment in the deteriorating climatic condition in the agricultural sector to improve the long‐run prospects of productivity growth.     

水利国有企业效绩评价浅议

水利国有企业效绩评价有利于政府水利主管机构转变职能，建立新型的政企关系，有利于正确引导企业的经营行为，有助于做好对经营者业绩的考核，建立激励与约束机制，有利于增强企业的形象意识，提高竞争实力。在市场经济条件下，必须选择重点和具有行业特色的企业开展效绩评价工作，建立效绩评价专家库和中介机构库，严格按照国家制度和规定实施评价，保证评价结论的真实和准确，注重对企业效绩评价结果的充分利用，对水利企业有关人员进行企业效绩评价方面的培训。     

External and Internal R&D,Capital Investment and Business Performance in the Spanish Agri‐Food Industry

We examine the effects of external and internal expenditure on research and development on the business performance of industrial agri‐food enterprises. For this purpose, a data sample from the Encuesta de Estrategias Empresariales en España (Survey of Business Strategies in Spain) was used, which includes information on more than 400 businesses over the period 2000–2008. The econometric analysis uses quantile regressions to address the vast asymmetry of the variables and to identify non‐linear relationships. The results reveal interesting new findings on the impacts of R&D on the agri‐food industry. The most evident, although not the most immediately apparent, relationship concerns the positive effects of external R&D on business performance. Internal R&D was also revealed to be an important way of enhancing the productivity of SMEs. In addition, the modernisation of the production process through investment in capital goods continues to be the main path to improve competitiveness. However, support was found neither for the inverse relationship, that is the most profitable firms are those that spend the most on R&D, nor for complementarity between external and internal R&D. The latter would imply that the bulk of Spanish agri‐food firms have at most the capacity for only one type of R&D.     

Investment,subsidies, and pro‐poor growth in rural India

This article reviews the trends in government subsidies and investments in and for Indian agriculture; develops a conceptual framework and a model to assess the impact of various subsidies and investments on agricultural growth and poverty reduction; and presents reform options with regard to re‐prioritizing government spending. Subsidies in credit, fertilizer, and irrigation have been crucial for small farmers to adopt new technologies particularly during the initial stage of the green revolution in the late 1960s and 1970s. But it is now investments in agricultural research, education, and rural roads that are the three most effective public spending items in promoting agricultural growth and reducing poverty.     

R&D and Innovation in Food Processing Firms in Transition Countries

We examine the implications of the liberalised economic conditions associated with the economic transformations in the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) for R&D and innovation in the food processing sector. We use a dataset derived from the World Bank's Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS) database to examine the relationships between R&D/innovation activities in food processing firms in transition countries and (i) privatisation, (ii) foreign direct investment, (iii) trade activities, (iv) market competition pressure, and (v) economies of scale. The empirical analysis is implemented through: (i) a double‐hurdle model for R&D participation and expenditures, and (ii) a bivariate probit model for product and process innovation. We find that these economic transformations generally promote R&D/innovation activities in the food processing sector. Our results suggest that broadened and deepened economic liberalisation policies would improve the innovation performance of the food processing sector in transition countries, and would enhance competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets. They also indicate that innovation policies may need to be tailored to market and industrial characteristics of different transition regions.     

Public agricultural R&D over the past half century: an emerging new world order

Recent trends in farm productivity and food prices raise concerns about whether the era of global agricultural abundance is over. Agricultural R&D is a crucial determinant of agricultural productivity and production, and therefore food prices and poverty. In this article, we present entirely new evidence on investments in public agricultural R&D worldwide as an indicator of the prospects for agricultural productivity growth over the coming decades. The agricultural R&D world is changing, and in ways that will definitely affect future global patterns of poverty, hunger, and other outcomes. The overall picture is one in which the middle‐income countries are growing in relative importance as producers of agricultural innovations through investments in R&D, and have consequently better prospects as producers of agricultural products.     

公私合作农地整理项目的博弈分析：一个分析框架

在界定公私合作农地整理项目模式的基础上,采用博弈分析法,分析公私合作农地整理项目参与主体的行为目标,探究公私合作农地整理项目中的政府与企业、企业与农村集体组织、企业与农户的博弈关系。研究结果表明,公私合作农地整理项目参与主体的行为目标存在差异;协调政府追求社会福利最大化与企业追求利润最大化的目标冲突可提高项目效率;协调企业与农村集体组织对促进合作有正向影响;农户参与对提高农户项目的满意度有显著意义;政府单一财政投资存在低效率现象,企业单独投资可能导致社会福利损失,政府和企业合作有利于提高农地整理项目的投资效率;政府和企业的合作均衡受各自保留效用的影响,企业与农村集体组织合作投资的初始投入成本对合作具有正向作用;超额收益分配是否合理,影响企业与农村集体组织双方的策略选择,而初始投入成本和违约赔偿金额对农户与企业的合作关系有正向影响。     

The transformation of the Indian agricultural input industry: has it increased agricultural R&D?

Indian agricultural input industries have gone through a major transformation in the last 40 years. State owned firms grew during the Green Revolution and then stagnated or declined. Indian corporations that were protected from foreign competition are now exporters of agricultural tractors and pesticides. Foreign multinational corporations are rapidly increasing their role in the seed, pesticide, and tractor industries. Entry by large Indian firms and multinationals has increased competition in the input industries. Private agribusiness R&D in India grew from $23 million in 1985 to $250 million in 2009 in 2005 US dollars. This is the same time period as a transformation in the agricultural input industry, rapid growth in demand for agricultural inputs, breakthroughs in information technology and biotechnology, and changes in intellectual property rights. An econometric model was used to test whether the transformation of agricultural input industry was a major factor in the growth of R&D expenditure or not. This article analyzes a unique, firm level sales and R&D data set from the seed, pesticide, tractor, and fertilizer industries in 2000–2009. The estimated model indicates that agribusiness firms' R&D expenditures from 2000 to 2009 were positively related to variables associated with industry transformation such as firm size, ownership by multinationals, and declining industry concentration. The model also indicates that strengthening patent policy as well as growth in the size of research‐intensive industries like the seed industry contributed to the growth of agribusiness R&D in India.