升金湖湿地资源保护和可持续利用研究

升金湖湿地作为国家级自然保护区，蕴含了丰富的生物资源，土地资源以及旅游资源。但由于人类不合理的开发利用，湿地生态功能正受到影响和威胁。该文分析了升金湖湿地的自然资源和面临的主要生态环境问题，提出了升金湖湿地资源开发利用和保护的6项对策。     

升金湖湿地资源保护和可持续利用研究

分析了升金湖湿地丰富的生物资源、气候资源、土地资源以及旅游资源;指出了升金湖区农业、牧业、渔业缺乏协调的过度开发利用,造成资源过渡破坏问题,提出了退耕还湖,清淤蓄洪,调整湖垸布局;建立湿地开发利用环境评估制度;加强湿地保护和利用的科学研究;发展湿地特色农业、开发湿地特色的升金湖生态旅游项目,推广复合农业生态模式。     

洞庭湖湿地资源保护与利用

分析了洞摩湖湿地资源特征和利用现状;洞庭湖湿地资源丰富,利用潜力巨大,在资源利用上存在着利用不足和过度利用两种倾向;由于自然因素特别是人类不合理的开发利用活动,使洞庭湖湿地面临诸多生态威胁;提出了建立综合性湿地自然保护区、防治水土流失、平垸行洪、退田还湖、实行湖泊湿地生态整体开发、加强湿地污染综合治理和生态环境宣传教育等对策。     

四川秦巴山区特色生物资源开发现状与潜力

四川秦巴山区独特的自然环境及高耸的地形在四川盆地北部构成了一道天然生态屏障。该区自然资源禀赋充足,有以丰富的森林资源为主的生物资源,盛产银耳、木耳、核桃、杜仲、油橄榄、猕猴桃、苍溪雪梨、野生天麻、野生食用菌等天然有机或绿色食品,并蕴藏丰富的药材资源。对该区域丰富的生物资源的开发利用已成为广大群众脱贫致富的重要途径。从该区生物资源特点、发展现状、存在的问题及挑战等方面综合分析了该区发展特色生物资源的潜力;提出了在该区发展生物资源的产业化发展方向,并提出资源开发与改善生态环境相结合、加强组织协调领导等对策措施。     

基于滩涂资源生态保护的江苏沿海港口群开发模式研究——以盐城港口群开发为例

随着江苏沿海开发战略的深入实施,沿海滩涂资源将成为沿海大开发的重要平台.本文以江苏沿海腹地的盐城市滩涂资源和港口群开发为例,基于沿海滩涂生态环境及沿海港口开发与利用现状,从港口节点地区环境压力、滩涂湿地和生物多样性、海岸生物资源、自然保护区等四个方面分析了沿海港口开发对滩涂生态环境的影响,并从滩涂资源生态保护的视角出发...     

小浪底工程对黄河下游湿地生态环境影响预测

湿地是具有高度多样性的生态系统,必须加以保护。当前,因工农业采水、排污、围垦、破坏水土、引黄淤地、过度狩猎和捕鱼等造成黄河下游湿地生态环境趋于恶化。小浪底工程将对豫北大天鹅保护区产生复杂的影响,还对黄河河滩及背河洼地生态环境、古黄河三角洲湿地生态改良产生不利影响。提出应提高全民环境意识,强化湿地保护的法制监督;积极开展湿地科学研究;加强对典型湿地的保护,应首先着眼全局。     

浅析基于生态理念的湿地旅游发展规划的研究

湿地属于极为重要的自然环境资源，在气候调节、维持生态平衡、涵养水源、环境保护等方面发挥着重要现实意义。当前，受人类活动影响冲击，湿地生态系统破坏日趋严重，加强湿地保护，恢复湿地生态环境，可以促使其发挥更大的经济效益、生态效益。随着湿地旅游升温，湿地生态系统破坏问题日益严重。结合某湿地发展状况，提出基于生态理念的湿地旅游发展规划研究，协调湿地旅游与湿地生态保护的关系，以实现湿地旅游的综合效益。     

闽江流域森林资源与环境关系的动态分析

森林是闽江流域复杂生态系统最重要的组成部分,它的变动对整个流域的生态环境影响很大;通过对闽江流域森林资源与生态环境的相互关系的分析,得出森林资源的结构性退化使其生态功能降低,进而导致了生态环境恶化的结论;提出了坚持数量与质量相结合的原则,优化森林生态系统结构,在保护的基础上合理开发森林生物资源,发展生态生产力,构建富有流域特色的林业产业体系等政策建议。     

洞庭湖区湿地生态脆弱性评价及其恢复与重建研究

洞庭湖区是我国较有代表性和典型意义的湿地分布区,又是我国重要的商品粮基地,其良好的生态环境是实现区域经济社会持续发展的重要保证.在分析洞庭湖区湿地主要生态环境的基础上,建立了湿地生态脆弱性评价的相关指标体系,对洞庭湖区17个县市进行了湿地生态脆弱的量化评价,最后提出了湿地生态恢复与重建的基本对策.     

中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护与治理的对策研究

首先从黑龙江多处河段水质污染、流域内森林和湿地资源受到破坏、野生动物及鱼类资源锐减等方面阐述黑龙江流域生态环境出现恶化不容忽视的现状;然后分析指出黑龙江生态环境保护与治理存在缺少指导保护工作的整体规划、缺少统一联合指挥与协调的专门机构、缺少健全完善的两国联合的生态环境监测治理体系、界河黑龙江部分江段堤岸缺少抵御特大洪灾的滞洪设施等亟待解决的问题;最后提出加强中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护与治理的建议:⑴把界河黑龙江的生态保护与环境治理纳入政府议事日程;⑵协商签订中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护和综合治理的合作协定;⑶中俄联合制定界河黑龙江生态环境保护与治理的科学规划;⑷科学合理开发利用黑龙江的资源;⑸成立中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护与治理的统一指挥和协调机构;⑹借鉴国际经验建立中俄界河黑龙江生态环境保护及治理多层面合作模式;⑺加强生态文明道德建设,构建和谐流域文化。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.     

Developments in the Doha Round and WTO dispute settlement: some implications for EU agricultural policy

Progress in the Doha Round is assessed against the changes tothe common agricultural policy (CAP) brought about by the Fischlerreforms of 2003–2004, and that proposed for sugar. Anelimination of export subsidies could place EU exports of processedfoods at a competitive disadvantage because of high sugar andmilk prices. Provided the single payment scheme falls withinthe green box, the likely new limits on domestic support shouldnot be problematic for the post-Fischler CAP. However, an ambitiousmarket access package could open up EU markets and bring pressurefor further reform. If there is no Doha agreement, existingprovisions will continue to apply, but without the protectionof the Peace Clause; and increased litigation is likely. FurtherCAP reform is to be expected.