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1.
[目的]从人口、经济、生态、社会城镇化等4个方面选取30个指标研究其对消费结构的影响,为政府在优化产业结构,促进消费结构优化升级方面的政策性引导提供理论依据。[方法]文章基于1994—2016年时间序列数据,利用熵值法对4类城镇化的综合评价指数进行测算,并建立LA-AIDS拓展模型,实证分析4类城镇化对新疆农村居民消费结构的影响作用。[结果]人口城镇化对居住、文教娱乐消费有显著的抑制作用,对食品、家庭设备及服务和医疗保健消费有显著的促进作用; 经济城镇化对医疗保健消费具有显著的正向效应; 生态城镇化对家庭设备消费具有显著的抑制作用,对交通通信、医疗保健消费具有显著的正向作用; 社会城镇化显著促进衣着和家庭设备及用品消费。[结论]不同类型的城镇化对消费结构的影响具有差异性,新疆农村居民的消费类型逐步从生存型趋向于发展型与享受型消费。  相似文献   

2.
本文建立并应用基于线性支出系统的可变参数模型(TVP-ELES模型)对具有时变性质的我国农村居民消费的收入与价格弹性进行实证研究。研究结果表明,我国农村居民消费的收入弹性和价格弹性均随着时间推移,发生了比较明显的变化;收入基本上对各项消费支出为正向影响,价格基本上对各项消费支出为负向影响;食品、衣着等基本消费支出的收入弹性和价格弹性整体上比较稳定,交通通讯、医疗保健、娱乐教育文化等消费支出的收入弹性和价格弹性变动幅度则较大。未来一段时期,我国居民消费结构将迎来持续升级的黄金发展时期,但仍然需要进一步加强对居民消费行为的调控和引导。  相似文献   

3.
我国农村居民生活消费需求变动分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
张亮 《农村经济》2007,(3):57-59
我国农村居民消费主要集中在食品、居住的娱乐文教等生活方面.随着生活质量改善,对交通通讯、医疗保健类消费存在较大的潜在需求,消费结构的变动幅度在减小,消费结构正在逐步升级.为进一步提高农村居民消费水平和优化农村居民消费结构,应该千方百计增加农良收入和改善农村消费环境.  相似文献   

4.
农村居民消费结构的多层次性灰度关联分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
从农村居民消费结构的多层次性灰度关联分析看我国农村居民生活消费支出存在着“主动性消费”和“被动性消费”。政策供给者应积极加大对农村文化教育、医疗保健及交通通信基础设施等公共投资力度,以消除国民经济宏观运行与农民纯收入对农民消费支出结构的“背离”影响,有效启动农村消费市场,优化农民生活消费支出结构,提高农村整体消费水平。  相似文献   

5.
农村社会经济结构变动对农村食品消费结构的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在对当前农村居民生活支出中占主导地位的食品消费水平和结构变动作深入分析的基础上,采用需求函数的经济计量模型对现阶段农村居民需求行为做出实证性研究、研究发现粮食消费的商品化程度显著地影响着主食消费数量及支出并与其成负相关,但它对食品总支出水平影响不大,说明它是解释食品内部消费结构变动的一个重要原因;而农业生产经营的多样化和家庭规模的变动不但影响着主食消费数量和支出,而且也影响着食品总支出。  相似文献   

6.
北京市农村居民消费习惯实证分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文利用现有的模型框架对北京市农村居民消费行为是否具有习惯的问题进行了实证分析。结果表明,北京市农村居民家庭人均生活消费总支出、食品支出和衣着支出存在习惯,其中,衣着支出的习惯最强,而居住支出并不存在习惯。  相似文献   

7.
对广东农村居民恩格尔系数反弹的思考   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
农村居民生活水平在由总体小康向全面小康迈进的过程中,作为基本生存所需的食品和衣着消费支出比较稳定,而享受型消费和发展型消费增速加快应是必然的趋势。但2003年广东省农村居民生活消费支出中,满足基本生存需求的食品、衣着消费支出人均1519.72元.同比增长4.6%,增幅比上年同期增加1.7个百分点。保  相似文献   

8.
本文首先对1985~2013年新疆城镇居民消费支出情况进行描述性统计分析,总结出新疆城镇居民消费结构的演进特征:居民食品支出占总支出比重不断下降,表明人民生活水平逐渐提高。交通与通讯、医疗保健和居住消费比重逐年上升,表明居民消费层次不断提升,消费支出日益多元化;其次,运用扩展线性支出系统模型(E-LES)对1985~2013年新疆城镇居民结构进行定量分析,得出新疆城镇居民消费边际倾向仅有0.75,说明居民每增加一单位的收入仅有0.75单位用于消费支出,进一步说明新疆城镇居民消费需求仍然不足,扩大内需的工作仍需加大幅度。  相似文献   

9.
本文根据河南省2009~2019年城镇居民消费数据进行了实证研究,通过建立数据回归模型分析了人口老龄化对城镇居民消费水平的影响,使用灰色关联法分析了人口老龄化对城镇居民消费结构的影响,研究发现:一是人口老龄化对城镇居民家庭人均消费支出产生显著负向影响;二是人口老龄化对城镇居民消费结构中的医疗保健、交通通信和教育文化娱乐等方面影响最为明显。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]基于江苏农村区域经济发展的不平衡。[方法与结果]通过对江苏统计年鉴(2006~2012)农村居民数据处理,首先采用对比分析法,从收入、支出和消费结构3个方面对江苏苏南、苏中、苏北三大区域进行对比,结果显示苏北农村发展相对落后,消费结构有待升级。然后,结合苏北农村居民2008~2012年的经济数据,通过消费支出比率核算,得出食品的支出比率基本呈现逐年递减趋势,文教娱乐、家庭设备支出比例基本呈现逐年递增趋势,表明近年来苏北农村居民消费层次有了很大的提升。最后,采用ELES模型,对苏北农村居民的消费结构特征进行了实证研究。边际消费倾向分析表明,文教娱乐、食品、居住以及交通通讯是苏北农村居民主要消费重点。需求收入弹性分析表明,文教娱乐、家庭设备以及医疗保健为奢侈品,其他为生活必需品。[结论]为促进苏北农村居民消费结构进一步趋于合理,促进苏北经济持续健康发展,从提高农民收入、提升生活品质、加大基础教育投入、改善基础设施并做好农村合作医疗保险等方面给出对策建议。  相似文献   

11.
[目的]为探索农户生活能源消费结构及影响因素。[方法]文章以2018年"劳动力转移与农户生活能源"专项调查数据为依托,引入非农就业特征、抚养比和代际同住变量,运用Tobit模型分析非农就业特征、家庭人口经济特征、能源可获性、能源价格因素、区位因素及消费偏好对陕西农户生活能源消费结构的影响。[结果]非农就业特征对农户能源消费结果有显著影响;代际同住、抚养比、人均农业收入及其他收入均对生物质能源消费有显著正向影响;户主的高教育程度和外出务工经历对商品能源消费有显著正向影响;人均耕地面积、商品能源平均价格作用则相反;不同地区农户生活能源消费结构差别大且受消费偏好影响。[结论]研究表明,非农就业能够直接推动陕西农户生活能源由以生物质能源为主向以商品能源为主转型,但家庭人口经济等特征使非农就业对农户生活能源消费转型的显著影响力以经济因素为中心产生不同变化。  相似文献   

12.
World food prices have experienced dramatic increases in recent years. These “shocks” affect food importers and exporters alike. Vietnam is a major exporter of rice, and rice is also a key item in domestic production, employment, and consumption. Accordingly, rice price shocks from the world market have general equilibrium impacts and as such, their implications for household welfare are not known ex ante. In this article, we present a framework for understanding the direct and indirect welfare effects of a global market shock of this kind. We quantify transmission of the shock from global indicator prices to domestic markets. Then we use an applied general equilibrium model to simulate the economic effects of the price changes. A recursive mapping to a nationally representative household living standards survey permits us to identify in detail the ceteris paribus effects of the shock on household incomes and welfare. In this analysis, interregional and intersectoral labor market adjustments emerge as key channels transmitting the effects of global price shocks across sectors and among households.  相似文献   

13.
Quantifying the structure of food demand in China: An econometric approach   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This article examines food demand structure and its dynamics for 11 commodities in urban China. The analysis is based on household‐level expenditure survey data for two cross‐sectional surveys of Chinese households pertaining to food expenditure patterns during 1995 and 2003. Pre‐committed components of commodity demands, that are insensitive to economic variables, are explored. We use the generalized quadratic almost ideal demand system (GQAIDS) for its empirical superiority to the generalized almost ideal demand system (GAIDS), and estimate the associated parameters via full information maximum likelihood procedure (FIML) accounting for endogeneity of total expenditures on food for home consumption (FAH). We also use quality‐adjusted commodity unit values to control for quality differences resulting from commodity aggregation and food choice. Furthermore, we derive GQAIDS elasticity formulas, and estimate income elasticities without restrictions. The results partially support the hypothesis that an average Chinese household has incorporated elements of Western diet (fine grains) into traditional Chinese food diet over time. Moreover, the outcome of a simple test developed here points to possible preference changes for a majority of food staples under study.  相似文献   

14.
Using data generated from surveys conducted on First Nations throughout Canada, we use regression analysis to examine factors influencing food insecurity. To our knowledge, this is the first time a regression-based analysis has been conducted to examine food insecurity on First Nations in Canada. As expected, income is inversely related to the likelihood that one reports their household as experiencing food insecurity. In addition, individuals in extremely remote areas are more likely to report their household as experiencing food insecurity. Although traditional food consumption is prevalent, we do not find evidence that it is associated with reductions in the prevalence of self-reported household food insecurity. We find that gender and mental health are associated with perceived household food insecurity. Although this study is novel, for reasons and limitations detailed in the paper, it should be viewed as an initial effort to establish potential relationships that underscore one of the most important issues facing Canada: the high prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations communities.  相似文献   

15.
A Microeconometric Analysis of the U.S. Meat Demand   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Price and expenditure elasticities and estimates of the effect of household demographic variables on U.S. meat demand are estimated using the newly released 1987–88 USDA household food consumption survey data. The USDA survey for the first time included variables reflecting respondents' concerns for health and diet information. A hybrid demand system, which combines a modified generalized addilog system and a level version Rotterdam demand system, is developed as the analytical framework. The micro econometric analysis takes into consideration the consumer selection problem, the missing-price problem, and the aggregation and quality variation problem. The most significant household characteristic and socio-economic variables are region, ethnic background, household size, urbanization, food planner, received health information, female household head employment status and proportion of food expenditure on away-from-home consumption. The results support the speculation of other time-series meat demand studies claiming both health concerns and convenience are the reasons for changes in consumer preference in favor of poultry and fish and in disfavor of red meat.  相似文献   

16.
Evidence has shown that parental smoking can cause health problems for children. It might be expected that parents who are aware of the harmful effects of second-hand smoke will reduce their smoking, especially as they have more children. However, based on instrumental variable regressions using data from the 2006 and 2008 Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys, we find a strongly positive and significant effect of the number of children on the probability of tobacco smoking in households in Vietnam. An additional child increases the probability of tobacco consumption in the household by approximately 15%. These findings imply low levels of awareness of the harmful effects of second-hand smoke on children’s health in Vietnam, and indicate the need for policy action to disseminate knowledge on the harmful effects of smoking.  相似文献   

17.
基于2013年在浙江省集体林区的开化、临安、龙泉、磐安等4个样本县的16个样本村中192位农户的实地调查,建立Logit计量经济学模型分析农户垃圾定点堆放行为及其影响因素。结果表明,各个样本点地区农户的垃圾定点堆放行为存在差异,而农户是否定点堆放垃圾受到地理因素、家庭因素和自身因素的影响。其中堆放点距离、户主年龄、家庭人口以及家庭住宅价值对农户是否定点堆放垃圾存在显著性影响。最后根据分析提出了基础设施建设、清洁机制和与服务以及农民环保意识培养等方面的政策建议。  相似文献   

18.
This paper provides an analysis of food demand in Greece using the Almost Ideal Demand System and annual food expenditure data for the period 1950–1986. The focus is on the estimation of a complete matrix of price and income elasticities for the various food commodity groups for Greece. The empirical analysis points to the dominant position that meat and other livestock products have acquired in the diet of Greek consumers during a period of high income growth and rising living standards. Further increase in meat and milk demand is expected to take place as long as incomes keep rising.  相似文献   

19.
We focus on two aspects of the links between world commodity prices and retail food price inflation: first, the effects of exchange rates and other input costs, and second; the effects of the duration of shocks on world commodity markets, not just the magnitude of price spikes (the latter often commanding most attention). The UK offers a natural and rather unexplored setting for the analysis. Applying time series methods to a sample of 259 monthly observations over the 1990(9)–2012(3) period we find substantial and significant long‐term partial elasticities for domestic food price inflation with respect to world food commodity prices, the exchange rate and oil prices (the latter indirectly via a relationship with world food commodity prices). Domestic demand pressures and food chain costs are found to be less substantial and significant over our data period. Interactions between the main driving variables in the system tend to moderate rather than exacerbate these partial effects. Furthermore, the persistence of shocks to these variables markedly affects their effects on domestic food prices.  相似文献   

20.
Price and expenditure elasticities and estimates of the effect of household demographic variables on Indian food items are estimated using a recent household survey data in rural and urban areas. Using a linear approximate almost ideal demand system (LA/AIDS), the results indicate that for commodity groups (milk and milk products; cereals and pulses; edible oils; meat, fish, and eggs; vegetables and fruits; other foods) demand is elastic only for milk and milk products in both rural and urban areas of India. The impact of demographic variables such as region, household size, education level of household head, and seasonality, was generally significant.  相似文献   

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