浅议粮食流通立法需要解决的主要问题和拟设立的主要制度

<正>党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出了总体国家安全观,明确了国家安全战略方针,为保障国家粮食安全提供了行动指南。粮食流通一头连接粮食生产,一头连接居民消费,是粮食生产和消费的桥梁纽带,是粮食安全的重要环节。随着我国经济发展进入新常态,粮食形势也呈现出新的阶段性特征,影响安全发展的深层次矛盾日益凸显,粮食流通领域面临发     

论优质稻规模经营模式创新的“新津经验”

在经济新常态下,粮食安全也进入新常态,在保障粮食数量安全的同时保障粮食质量安全的要求不断提高,迫切需要以质量为前导推动产业转型升级。新津县在种粮主体快速分化的背景下以发展优质稻为重点,走优质稻订单生产为核心的粮食产业结构优化升级之路,不仅形成了"产销协同四方联动"的粮食安全助推模式,更为破解当前粮食安全产销矛盾提供了有益经验。     

构建新形势下粮食安全体系的思考

我国实行粮食市场化改革后，粮食生产、销售、储备以及管理都发生了新的变化，这些变化使我国的粮食安全面临许多新问题。粮食安全直接关系到社会稳定和国家安全，探索粮食安全体系的构建，对社会经济的发展和稳定具有现实意义。     

对近期与中长期中国粮食安全的再认识

粮食安全始终是国家经济、社会稳定与发展的基础,突如其来的新冠疫情在影响中国与全球经济发展的同时,也引起社会各界对粮食安全问题的广泛关注。本文分析了中国粮食安全保障现况、近期各界关注粮食安全的主要问题和未来面临的挑战,并预测中长期主要粮食供需变动趋势。分析表明,近期和中长期中国口粮绝对安全,未来饲料粮(玉米和大豆等)进口将逐渐增长以保障国内畜产品的供给安全;而笼统的粮食安全概念往往误导社会各界和政府。口粮安全、饲料或畜产品安全是中国粮食安全已至食物安全的关键问题。最后,本文提出保障国家粮食安全的相关政策建议。     

世界粮食安全形势与我国粮食安全对策

近年来，世界粮食供求形势急剧变化。保障粮食安全已经成为各国特别是发展中国家日益关注的重大政治、经济和社会问题。我国是人口大国，也是粮食生产与粮食消费大国，密切注视世界粮食安全形势的发展变化，把握世界粮食安全的发展规律，制定相应的对策，保障我国粮食安全，是实现社会经济快速、稳定发展的迫切需要。一、世界粮食安全状况1995年以来，世界粮食形势十分严峻。虽然还没有明显的迹象表明近期会出现类似1972—1974年的世界性粮食危机，但据联合国粮农组织预测，在今后相当长的一段时间内，世界粮食产量不会有太多的增长，因而世…     

经济新常态下粮食安全问题思考

经济新常态下,针对我国粮食安全问题,要做到未雨绸缪,防止因为在吃饭这样的基本民生问题上出纰漏而引发社会动荡。粮食安全是一项重要的民生工作,关系到社会的稳定,为此,本文立足国家"三农"政策的制定与实施,对经济新常态下我国粮食安全问题展开分析。     

适应新常态 粮食新作为

<正>2014年中央经济工作会议明确,认识新常态,适应新常态,引领新常态,是当前和今后一个时期我国经济发展的大逻辑。新常态下蕴含着新机遇和新挑战。虽然我国取得了粮食生产"十一连增",但在经济下行压力下,粮食领域也在悄然发生着改变。新常态下,粮食安全如何保障?粮食市场有何特点?粮食行业当如何作为?本期专题与您共同加以探讨。     

浅谈转变生产方式,促进粮食安全

我国经济发展进入新常态,农业处于由传统农业向现代农业发展,回顾粮食生产的丰硕成果是付出了资源和生态的很大代价,使农业资源偏紧、生态环境恶化、产出率低、产品优质率不高、经济效益不佳。为保障经济社会稳定发展,国家提出要稳粮增收,提质增效,挖掘新的粮食生产潜力,转变生产方式,向科技要粮就成为新常态下粮食安全的战略取向。我们围绕以科技为核心,人才为关键,服务为保障,全面推进粮食安全战略发展。     

关于加大粮食产业信贷支持的思考

粮食安全问题不单是一个经济问题,同时也是一个影响社会稳定、关系国计民生的政治问题.从中长期看,我国面临人口增加、耕地减少、水资源短缺等多重压力,粮食消费需求呈刚性增长,而粮食稳步增产的难度却逐步增大,粮食供需将长期处于紧平衡状态.作为国家政策性银行的农发行,在支持粮食生产、保障国家粮食安全方面任务艰巨、意义深远.     

自由贸易下我国粮食安全问题初研

我国是人口大国和农业大国,粮食安全是国家安全的基础和保障。在世界多元化、经济全球化的背景下,要解决和保障粮食安全问题的压力很大。一方面我国的粮食生产迎来了新的发展机遇,另一方面,我国的粮食安全又面临着新的挑战。文章分析了自由贸易对我国粮食安全的影响,进而得出在当前较短的时间内,把国内供给作为确保粮食安全的主要途径,把粮食进口作为确保粮食安全的辅助,既要通过参与国际自由贸易互通有无,减轻粮食需求压力,以确保我国粮食市场的安全与稳定。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。