从市场整合程度看中国木材市场效率

本文利用1997年7月到2004年7月全国20个主要城市的红松原木价格和12个城市的杉原木价格数据，采用协整检验和格兰杰因果关系检验的方法测试中国木材市场在长期和短期的整合程度。结果表明，在多种政策的作用下，中国木材市场存在长期的整合关系，但不存在短期的整合关系。     

中澳羊毛市场现货价格传导关系的实证研究

本文运用协整检验方法和误差修正模型分析中澳羊毛市场现货价格之间的关系及其传导机制。研究表明,中澳羊毛市场现货价格之间存在协整关系,但是从短期看中澳羊毛价格的传导作用十分有限。在对这种结果产生的可能原因进行分析的基础上,进一步提出了缓减中国羊毛供需矛盾的建议。     

完全竞争条件下的中国生鲜农产品市场价格传导——以西红柿为例

本文以完全竞争条件下的价格决定为出发点,以西红柿为例,研究了主产地市场与其他地区市场之间的价格传导关系。格兰杰因果关系检验和市场综合联系指数计算的结果表明,完全竞争条件下西红柿主产地市场的参考市场地位突出,主产地与非主产地之间、主产地与主产地之间均存在价格传导关系,且市场价格传导同时具有地域性和交叉性的特征。     

生猪产销价格传导机制:门限效应与市场势力

本丈应用平滑迁移误差修正模型检验了中国生猪价格和猪肉价格之间传导的门限效应,并应用非对称GARCH模型考察了市场势力因素在价格非对称传导中的作用。研究结果表明:长期内,生猪价格和猪肉价格之间存在协整关系,猪肉市场纵向整合程度较高;短期内,生猪价格和猪肉价格增长率之间的传导渠道顺畅,不存在价格传导时滞,但是,生猪产销价格传导幅度和恢复长期均衡关系的调整速度具有门限效应,而且需求冲击和成本冲击对传导关系的影响存在显著差异,猪肉批发商具备的市场势力是导致价格非对称传导的重要原因;上期猪肉价格增长率是决定生猪产销价格传导关系区制转换的门限变量,因此,制定生猪价格调控政策时,可以将猪肉价格作为重要参照指标,其门限值作为参考依据。     

以木材特性为思维起点建造南方集体林区木材流通新体制

<正> 长期以来.我们对木材生产和分配采取了国家统购统配、统一包下来的办法,流通渠道单一,木材价格固定,严重背离了价值,阻碍了价格机制的发挥,以致林区农民没有真正成为林业商品生产的主人。1985年南方集体林区取消木材统购统配,开放木材市场。实践证明,木材流通体制上的     

国际大米价格波动对国内大米价格的传递效应研究

［目的］国际粮食价格波动会对国内粮食价格产生影响，其影响程度和途径一直是农产品价格领域的研究热点。［方法］基于2002年1月至2017年6月的月度数据，运用Johansen协整检验和向量误差修正模型检验了国际大米价格与国内大米价格的长期均衡与短期输入关系，在考虑国内大米价格形成机制的基础上分析了国际大米价格的影响程度，并进一步检验了大米与其他粮食品种价格间的整合关系。［结果］（1）国内大米价格与国际大米价格保持长期均衡关系，短期内国内大米价格对国际大米价格波动的弹性为00226。（2）国际大米价格对国内大米价格具有显著的影响，在控制其他变量不变的前提下，国际大米价格每上涨1%，国内大米价格会上升约01%。（3）Johansen协整检验表明大米会与其他粮食品种价格保持长期整合关系，国际大米价格上涨可能会通过间接渠道传递至国内大米市场。［结论］因此不仅需要关注国际大米价格对国内大米价格的影响，还需要关注其他粮食品种对大米价格的影响。     

农产品市场整合程度及决定因素：政策对市场化的影响

本文运用丰富的数据以小麦市场为例研究了中国粮食市场整合问题。增广Dickey-Fuller检验显示价格序列的一阶差分稳定，意味着中国粮食市场存在这长期整合。协整检验表明中国小麦市场的长期整合是中国推行市场化改革的结果。但是根据区域性协整检验难以发现小麦市场整合与区域性因子存在关联，这意味着小麦市场的整合主要取决于相关政策，而固定模型的分析印征了这一结论。     

中国木材进出口量和木材进口价格之间动态影响机制分析——基于VAR模型和脉冲响应函数

木材进出口量和木材进口价格之间互为格兰杰因果关系,国内木材供给量变化能够引起木材进出口量和木材进口价格的变动。Johansen协整检验的结果表明:中国木材进出口量和木材进口价格之间存在长期的均衡关系。以国内木材供给量为外生变量,木材进出口量、木材进口价格为内生变量构建VAR模型,并用广义脉冲响应函数分析木材进出口量和木材进口价格之间双向的影响机制,研究结果表明木材进口价格的一个脉冲冲击对木材进出口量产生正面影响,分别在第三期和第四期达到最大值,国内木材需求旺盛是影响木材进口和出口的主要原因。     

农产品价格传导机制研究方法的创新探索——兼评《农产品市场价格传导机制研究》

文章围绕《农产品市场价格传导机制研究》内容,阐述了农产品市场价格传导机制的基本理论,并分别以生猪、肉鸡、蛋鸡和奶牛为例对农产品市场价格传导机制进行了分析,介绍了农产品价格传导机制的研究新方法。     

价格支持、交易成本与市场整合

空间市场整合反映了一定区域市场化水平、贸易自由化水平和市场效率,是体现价格政策改革成功与否的重要标志。本文利用万德数据库的日度玉米价格数据,分析玉米价格支持政策对玉米空间市场整合的影响,研究显示:(1)玉米价格支持政策的取消从整体上降低了区域之间的交易成本,提高了空间市场整合水平;(2)政策产区与销区的交易成本降低幅度最大,其次为非政策产区与销区之间;(3)政策产区内部之间的交易成本在数值上不降反增,但是这种政策价形成的"价格共移"并不是由分隔市场相互影响而形成的真正市场整合,而是政策价扭曲使得分隔市场价格的高度一致。玉米价格支持政策影响空间市场整合的机制为价格支持政策通过价格干预,扭曲了分隔市场的套利空间,抑制了整体市场的空间市场整合,但是对政策产区、非政策产区和销区之间的空间市场整合水平的影响是异质性的。     

Measuring market integration in the presence of transaction costs–a threshold vector error correction approach

Applied econometric analyses of market integration based on price data alone have been criticised because they neglect the role of transaction costs. To meet this objection, threshold vector error correction models are used. Threshold models can account for the effects of transaction costs in price transmission without directly relying upon information about these costs, which are often unavailable. It is argued that threshold models that are based on two thresholds provide results that are economically more intuitive than those obtained from one-threshold models. However, to this point no adequate econometric test is available for threshold significance in a two-threshold model; such tests are only available for the one-threshold model. In this paper a restricted two-threshold model is developed in which the significance of the thresholds can be tested. This model is therefore amenable to economic interpretation and statistical inference. The model is used to estimate market integration in the European pig market.     

Vertical price transmission in timber and lumber markets

Timber and lumber markets are linked and integrated through prices at several stages along timber supply chain. In this study, the degree of vertical integration and the presence of asymmetric price transmission are investigated for sawtimber and lumber products in the southern and western United States. The data utilized are quarterly stumpage price, delivered timber price, and lumber price of softwood between 1977 and 2011. Linear and threshold cointegration models are used for long-term price analyses, and symmetric and asymmetric error correction models are used for short-term price analyses. The integration in the early stage (i.e., stumpage/delivered timber price pair) is found to be stronger than that in the latter stage (i.e., delivered/lumber price pair). The South shows slightly stronger market cointegration than the West. Asymmetric price transmission is found along the timber supply chain. In the long term, prices are more responsive when the price margin is increased than decreased.     

Influence of Trade Policies on Price Integration in the World Beef Market

The article develops three hypotheses about how policy interventions in major trading nations influence price integration in the world beef market. Simple correlation coefficients, tests for significant differences between coefficients, and Granger causality tests are used to test the hypotheses. First, segmentation between prices in Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)-free and FMD-endemic countries is found, but it is much less than previously assumed. Second, European Community policies that closed the E.C. import market have isolated prices in the E.C. from other markets. These policies also led to greater integration among prices in FMD-free and FMD-endemic market segments by forcing exporters from both segments to compete directly in new import markets. Third, the U.S.A. is found to be the price leader in world beef markets, due not only to market size, but also to U.S. policies that allow transmission of price information from the U.S. market to the world market but not vice versa.     

The role of temperature for seasonal market integration: a case study of poultry in Iran*

Understanding market integration has greatly benefited from analysing and comparing variations in price transmissions. An important source of variation in agricultural markets is seasonal changes in production, consumption and transaction costs. A key factor driving seasonality in agricultural price is temperature, as supply and demand changes are triggered by seasonal temperature differences. In this paper, we study the seasonal variations in vertical price transmission focusing on the asymmetric price adjustment to analyse changes in the market interactions between the stages of the value chain. Our data reveal significant transitory effects of temperature on the price transmission process. Results of a panel threshold model suggest that the farm–wholesale price adjustments to deviations from the market equilibrium are more symmetric at higher temperatures. However, we do not find an effect of temperature on the wholesale–retail price relationship. Our findings can be rationalised with wholesalers making use of their market power to extend their margins in the upstream chain. Wholesaler market power is lower during warm periods, and price adjustment is more symmetric. Concerning the Iranian poultry value chain, our findings imply that temperature-related differences in market interactions should be considered in formulating policy interventions.     

World market integration for export and food crops in developing countries: a case study for Mali and Nicaragua

Using a generalized error correction model, this article measures and compares market integration for export cash crops versus imported food crops for Mali and Nicaragua, and computes transmission elasticities between changes in the goods’ border and domestic prices. Both Mali and Nicaragua obtain the bulk of their export revenue from a particular agricultural commodity—cotton for Mali and coffee for Nicaragua—and both import the same key staple food of rice. To reap the economic gains from this trade specialization, the two countries’ agriculture must be well‐integrated into world markets. The two countries present an important policy contrast that affects their degree of world market integration and price transmission. In Mali, a parastatal enterprise controls its cotton industry, while Nicaragua has less state direction over agriculture. Reflecting this difference, the results show that for both its main export and import commodity, Nicaragua is more integrated into world markets and has higher price transmission than Mali. The results for Nicaragua also show much higher integration and price transmission for its main agricultural export (coffee) than its major import (rice).     

论房价对中国产出和通货膨胀率的影响

研究目的：运用IS — LM模型和总供求模型分析住房价格对产出和通货膨胀率的影响机制，并应用中国的数据进行计量检验。研究方法：理论 — 实证分析。研究结果：（1）住房价格对产出缺口的影响是显著的，影响大小为0.76；（2）住房价格的快速上涨易导致投资主导型的经济出现过热，并加剧经济结构的失衡；（3）住房价格与通货膨胀率互为Granger因，房价的上涨在短期刺激经济增长的同时，最终推动物价水平的上涨。研究结论：住房价格波动对中国宏观经济具有显著影响，已经在货币政策传导机制中发挥作用，宏观经济政策应关注住房价格的波动，并采取适当措施来稳定住房价格，降低房价波动对宏观经济的冲击。     

农产品垂直价格传递与纵向市场联结

本文分析了我国主要农产品市场垂直价格传递和纵向市场联结的关系。我国农产品市场的两类纵向联结形式以契约市场为准则建立的松散型联结和以产权一体化(或功能层级化)建立的紧密型联结。建立非对称纵向价格传递的误差修正模型(APT-ECM)对四类主要农产品市场的实证分析表明,纵向市场联结越松散(契约型),非对称垂直价格传递特征越微弱;纵向市场联结越紧密(层级型),非对称垂直价格传递特征越明显。     

主产区柑橘价格的空间关联效应研究——基于VAR模型与社会网络分析法

[目的]柑橘产区价格处于价格链前端，既对果农收入产生直接影响又直接作用于销区价格，对柑橘全产业链发展具有深远影响。探究主产区柑橘价格的空间关联效应，对明晰柑橘价格的空间传递机制，降低柑橘价格异常波动风险和保障果农收入具有重要的现实意义。[方法]文章采用1999—2018年主产区柑橘价格数据，基于向量自回归模型对主产区柑橘价格的空间关联关系进行了分析，运用社会网络分析法刻画、解构了我国主产区柑橘价格空间关联网络。[结果]（1）格兰杰因果检验结果表明我国6个柑橘主产区存在14条价格空间关联关系，具有显著的空间关联效应。（2）主产区柑橘价格空间关联网络密度为0.433 3，关联度为1，等级度为0.692 3，效率为0.7，网络具有良好的稳定性和互惠性。（3）主产区柑橘价格存在明显的空间传递，各主产区的传导地位和作用不同。湖北与其他主产省份关联最多，在网络中扮演着“中心行动者”的角色；湖南、江西和广东在网络中扮演着“边缘行动者”的角色，对网络边缘地区柑橘价格存在较大影响；湖北、重庆、广东在网络中扮演了“中介行动者”的角色，在价格信息传递过程中起到“桥梁”作用。[结论]各主产区地方政府应针对自身...     

Spatial price premium transmission for Meat Standards Australia‐graded cattle: the vulnerability of price premiums to outside shocks

Studies of market integration show that price changes are transmitted spatially through arbitrage. Transmission across differentiated agricultural products is important to investigate, but it has not been explored given its complexities for assessment. Using data from Australian cattle markets, we examine the dynamics of Meat Standards Australia price premium transmission between states. An impulse response function analysis using Bayesian vector autoregression with sign restriction identification shows that shocks to prices and price premiums are partially transmitted contemporaneously between markets and it takes several weeks to complete transmission. In addition, we find an asymmetry of price and price premium shocks originating in Southern Queensland that have an inverse immediate impact in New South Wales, and take months to transmit the usual price response. This outcome may be explained by differences in cattle availability in each state, which can be related to forage availability due to weather conditions. Based on these results, producers can forecast fluctuations on price premiums and adjust their cattle supply accordingly.