中国国家矿山公园空间分布研究

运用GIS空间分析技术,探讨了我国国家矿山公园的空间分布特征,并分析影响矿山公园空间分布的因素。研究表明:中国72处国家矿山公园在空间上呈现集聚分布;空间分布不均,大部分国家矿山集中在东部和中部省份;分布的高密度地区为1个带状区域和3个块状区域;85%以上的国家矿山公园与区域中心城市的直线距离在100km以内。矿产资源禀赋条件、区域社会经济发展水平、拟建地政府部门和矿业企业的认知水平是影响国家矿山公园空间分布的主要因素。在今后国家矿山公园的审批与建设中,应考虑向资源枯竭型城市倾斜,公园的规划建设要与城市经济的转型发展相联系。     

郑汴洛A级旅游景区空间分布特征及影响因素

A级旅游景区体现的是相应A级的品质,也是旅游景区的品牌,更是旅游产业发展的重要支撑。选取郑州市、开封市和洛阳市为研究区域,采用GIS空间分析方法,对87处A级旅游景区空间分布特征及影响因素进行研究,得出以下结论:1郑汴洛A级旅游景区总体呈核心—边缘状分布格局;存在明显的城区—县域差异及"三点一线"旅游带的格局特征,在中心城区集聚程度最高,县域内景区的空间分布集聚程度较低且呈现离散状组团式分布。2已有的资源禀赋、地形地貌特征、交通区位条件和重要河流水系分布等因素通过综合作用共同影响着郑汴洛A级旅游景区的空间分布。     

河南省乡村旅游地空间分布与影响因素研究

[目的]通过测度河南省乡村旅游地的地理集聚状况、地理联系程度、发展等级分异,以准确把握河南省乡村旅游地的空间分布特征及其影响因素。[方法]选取河南省18个地级市的259个乡村旅游特色村、100个休闲观光园区、82个生态旅游示范镇为研究样本,结合数学计量方法和GIS技术,综合运用基尼指数、地理集中指数、地理联系率、核密度估计值、乡村旅游等级发展指数,对河南省乡村旅游地的空间分布特征和影响因素进行定量分析。[结果](1)河南省的乡村旅游地类型丰富,按所占比例依次为山地景区旅游带、过渡区旅游带、市区边缘旅游带、小规模旅游带4种类型。(2)河南省乡村旅游地空间分布趋于集聚,总体呈现出中西北部密集,东南部稀松的分布特征,地区间发展分异明显,且乡村旅游地与地区经济、人口要素匹配性高。(3)河南省乡村旅游发展模式为多核心带动型,发展等级豫北最高,豫中次之,豫南和豫西居于中间,豫东因缺少核心带动城市而成为全省低谷地区。(4)人均GDP、人口密度、城乡人口结构、国家景区依托、公路铁路干道交通、自然资源条件是影响乡村旅游地空间分布的主要因素。[结论]河南省乡村旅游地空间集聚程度高,且与国家A级景区分布高度吻合,应注重打造乡村旅游与A级景区建设的协调发展机制,打造"大旅游"片区;同时高集聚分布也代表着乡村旅游地发展等级空间分异明显,应围绕豫东、豫南打造核心城市,以弥补发展短板。     

长江中游城市群A级旅游景区的空间分布特征及影响因素分析

旅游景区是旅游业发展的空间载体,也是旅游系统的重要组成部分,对区域经济发展起着重要的作用。本文以长江中游城市群A级旅游景区作为研究对象,运用最邻近指数、核密度指数、pearson相关系数分析等方法,利用ArcGIS的空间分析功能,研究长江中游城市群A级旅游景区的空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)长江中游城市群A级旅游景区呈现出凝聚型空间分布状态;(2)长江中游城市群A级旅游景区空间分布呈现“局部聚集,整体分散”的分布特征,且分布密度具有明显的地域差异性;(3)长江中游城市群A级旅游景区呈现明显的聚集特征,空间自相关性表现较为显著,且正相关为主要空间关联类型;(4)长江中游城市群A级旅游景区空间分布受资源禀赋、道路交通、社会经济发展、相关政策以及人口等因素影响较为明显。     

世界地质公园——云台山

云台山位于河南省修武县境内，是全球首批世界地质公园，同时又是河南省唯一一个集国家重点风景名胜区、国家AAAA级景区，国家地质公园、国家森林公园、国家水利风景名胜区、     

世界地质公园——云台山

云台山位于河南省修武县境内，是全球首批世界地质公园，同时又是河南省唯一一个集国家重点风景名胜区、国家AAAA级景区，国家地质公园、国家森林公园、国家水利风景名胜区、     

巴中神门景区资源特征与开发模式探讨

神门景区范围广,地质遗迹类型丰富,资源品质较高,多数资源尚处于一种极为原始的状态。开发利用中存在连片性较差、优质资源与世界地质公园其他景区雷同、"灯下黑"效应等问题。对神门景区开发必须从多方位入手,找准其"地质公园村"的旅游形象定位,以地质旅游与乡村旅游结合的形式打造亮点吸引游客。修建完善的旅游基础设施,开发多种旅游产品增强游客体验感,以丰富的景区旅游营销手段为公园打响知名度。同时不能放弃世界地质公园的品牌价值,在世界地质公园管理部门统筹下,依靠成熟景区带动,促进景区协同发展。     

地质公园开放式管理模式的构想——以广西罗城国家地质公园剑江园区为例

为探索国家地质公园的可持续发展和有序的保护开发地质遗迹,将开放式管理模式引入地质公园管理。文章阐述了地质公园开放式景区的含义、原则和意义,并以广西罗城国家地质公园剑江园区为例,从公园的规划与管理、地质遗迹的保护、科普解说系统、旅游产品的开发与服务设施、安全性、管理经费等6个方面探讨了建设地质公园开放式景区过程中的主要预见性问题。     

甘肃省乡村旅游示范村与A级旅游景区空间协同发展研究

[目的]文章旨在探讨甘肃省乡村旅游示范村与A级旅游景区的空间协同关系及其发展现状,从交通和旅游经济发展要素两个方面发现问题,并提出空间协同发展的优化措施,以期为本地区旅游业的高质量发展提供一种新思路和新路径。[方法]文章以甘肃省206个乡村旅游示范村和358个A级旅游景区为研究对象,首先分析了乡村旅游示范村与A级旅游景区的空间协同发展的意义与机理;其次从数量空间、质量空间和空间耦合协调度3个维度分析了二者的空间协同关系;最后运用ArcGIS软件从交通可达性和旅游经济发展要素两方面分析了甘肃省乡村旅游示范村与A级旅游景区协同发展的现状并提出优化措施。[结果]（1）甘肃省乡村旅游示范村与A级旅游景区数量空间关联显著,质量空间关联属于优质协调水平,空间耦合协调水平表现为良好协调。（2）甘肃省14个市州乡村旅游示范村的交通可达性低于A级旅游景区。（3）甘肃省旅游经济要素点整体密度值较低,南北分布差异显著。[结论]（1）加快区域内游客集散中心建设。（2）在旅游资源拟合程度较好的区域发展高等级道路。（3）在乡村旅游示范村和A级旅游景区拟合较好的区域,加强旅游基础设施建设。     

中共赞皇县委书记吴时茂、县长凌清利 祝贺第五届中国改革论坛胜利召开 欢迎到赞皇县嶂石岩景区观光旅游

嶂石岩景区位于河北省赞皇县境内,距省会石家庄市86公里,为国家级风景名胜区、国家地质公园、国家AAAA级景区,嶂石岩是太行山中最为雄险与灵秀的地段,"嶂石岩地貌",与"张家界     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。     

天津地热资源可持续开发利用对策

天津有着十分丰富的地热资源,至2003年底,已有地热井235眼,年开采量2701万m3。但地热资源利用率最高为62.4%,地热尾水回灌率不到8%,基本是一种粗放的开发利用模式。文章从实现地热资源可持续开发利用角度出发,针对天津地区不同热储层的特征,提出适宜的利用方式,提高地热利用率。而且指出必须走回灌开发道路,增加回灌井,提高回灌率是实现地热资源可持续开发利用的重要保障。     

Projections of maize yield vulnerability to droughts and adaptation options in Uganda

Sub-Saharan Africa is likely going to experience more intense and frequent droughts with high parallel possibilities of ramifications on maize yields. While there is a lot of scholarship dwelling on the ramifications of droughts on maize yields at the level of Africa, little has been researched at lower scales. This study presents past (1960–2014) vulnerability of maize yields to droughts based on a previous study (Epule et al., 2017) and projects the future vulnerability of maize yields to droughts by calculating the sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity of maize yields to droughts for the period 2015–2050. The results show that maize yields are more vulnerable in the north of Uganda for the period 1960–2014. However, adaptive capacity is higher in the south. Maize yields also record higher levels of sensitivity and exposure in the north with the latter patterns explained by variations in precipitation, temperature, rich volcanic soils, access to rivers and lakes. In terms of future vulnerability for the period 2015–2050, this study shows that the level of vulnerability of maize yields to droughts in Uganda will increase to levels higher than what currently obtains. For example, the vulnerability index will increase from 0.54 under the 1.5 °C to 0.70 under the 2.0 °C and to 1.54 under the 2.5 °C scenario. Sensitivity is also likely to increase while exposure and adaptive capacity are most likely to remain the same. Overall, it can be said that the future of maize production in Uganda under present and future circumstances remains very bleak without concrete actions. As a way forward, land use policy designers will have to integrate water management, agroforestry, climatic information diffusion, training and indigenous knowledge into land use planning decisions in the context of agriculture.     

The role of knowledge,attitudes and perceptions in the uptake of agricultural and agroforestry innovations among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa

Despite the great potential of agricultural innovations, the uptake by smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa seems to be slow. We reviewed existing theories and frameworks for the uptake of agricultural innovations and found that these tend to emphasize the role of extrinsic factors such as the characteristics of the adopter and the external environment in the decision-making process. In this paper, we argue that intrinsic factors such as the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of the potential adopter towards the innovation play a key role, but this has been less studied. We present an analytical framework that combines both extrinsic and intrinsic factors in farmers' decisions to adopt new agricultural technologies and apply the framework to agroforestry adoption as a case study. We review the literature on agroforestry adoption in sub-Saharan Africa and identify the extrinsic and intrinsic variables affecting the uptake of agroforestry technologies. We conclude that the uptake of agricultural technologies is a complex process influenced by both extrinsic and intrinsic variables, and recommend that future studies aiming to understand the adoption process of agricultural innovations take into account both sets of variables. A mechanistic understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic factors interact and drive adoption can help in targeting technologies appropriately to ensure sustainability.     

CAP Subsidies and Productivity of the EU Farms

The paper investigates the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies on farm total factor productivity (TFP) in the European Union (EU). We employ a structural semi‐parametric estimation algorithm directly incorporating the effect of subsidies into a model of unobserved productivity. We empirically study the effects using the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) samples for the EU‐15 countries. Our main findings are clear: subsidies impact negatively on farm productivity in the period before the decoupling reform was implemented; after decoupling the effect of subsidies on productivity is more nuanced and in several countries it turned positive.     

Poverty Reduction Effects of Agricultural Technology Adoption: The Case of Improved Cassava Varieties in Nigeria

We use DNA‐fingerprinting to estimate the poverty reduction effect of adoption of improved cassava varieties in Nigeria. We estimate the counterfactual household income distribution of cassava producers by combining farm‐level treatment effects with a market‐level model. Our results suggest that adoption of improved cassava varieties has led to a 4.6 percentage point reduction in poverty, though this is sensitive to the measurement of adoption status. Therefore, accurate measurement of adoption is crucial for a more credible estimate of the poverty reduction effect of adoption. Our analysis also suggests that farmers who are more likely to be adopters are also likely to face higher structural costs. Addressing structural barriers that make improved technologies less profitable for the poor would therefore be important to increase the poverty reduction effect of improved cassava varieties.     

The retention ability of the agricultural landscape in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín nuclear power plant and its changes since the 19th century

Drainage and loss of wetland sites is a major problem of the agricultural landscape, as it reduces the landscape’s ability to retain water, nutrients, matter, and minimize erosion. With this in mind, the issue of the ability of wet sites to retain radionuclides and contaminated water in the case of a radiation accident was studied. In 2013, field research examined the occurrence of wetland retention sites in the emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the Temelín nuclear power plant (NPP; Czech Republic). As data sources, wetland biotopes (European network Natura 2000) were considered; in addition, retention features were field mapped, i.e. landscape elements of a wetland nature not normally considered nationally significant for conservation. Within the emergency zone, 2854.7 ha of wetland biotopes were registered and 318.9 ha retention features mapped. Density of retention sites (in ha/km²) per cadastre (local administrative units) was used to represent their spatial distribution within the zone. For an assessment of possible revitalization measures, leading to an increase in the landscape’s retention ability, spatial changes in the area of retention sites between 2013 and the mid-19th century, a period before extensive drainage of landscape occurred and a simplification of its structure, were mapped. Historic land maps (The Imperial Obligatory Imprints of the Stable Cadastre) were used as a basis of information on the occurrence and area of fens and wet meadows (4771.5 ha).For spatial comparisons of drained and undrained landscape in the past and present, the density of retention sites per cadastre was calculated. In the mid-19th century, 80% of cadastres had a density of retention sites exceeded 5 ha/km²; in 2013 only 40% of cadastres achieved this. In the most part, drained areas of the zone belong to the central part (around the power plant), as well as the EPZ’s eastern and south-eastern regions. From the density maps of retention sites, as well as from the stable cadastre imprints, it is possible to identify areas and retention features suitable for wetland restoration, thus leading to an increase in the retention capacity of the landscape in terms of water and radionuclide retention. Suggestions as to how to restore and turn retention features into semi-natural wetlands, as well as integrating small wetlands into an agriculture landscape are outlined.