科技创新、产业结构升级与经济高质量发展——基于长江经济带106个地级市面板数据的分析

文章基于2004—2018年长江经济带106个地级市面板数据,构建基准模型、中介效应模型及门槛模型,实证检验了科技创新、产业结构升级对经济高质量发展的影响,研究结果表明,长江经济带科技创新与产业结构升级均为促进经济高质量发展的重要因素,且促进产业结构升级是科技创新提升地区经济质量的重要路径。产业结构升级对科技创新驱动经济高质量发展具有单门槛效应,随着产业结构升级水平的提高,科技创新驱动经济高质量发展的能力能得到更为充分的释放。基于研究结果,文章从加大科技创新投入,加快产业结构升级,重视科技创新与产业结构升级协调发展等角度提出促进长江经济带经济高质量发展的对策建议。     

数字经济对长江经济带绿色发展效率的影响研究

为探究数字经济对长江经济带绿色发展效率的影响,基于SBM-ML指数测度2011—2020年长江经济带11个省市的绿色发展效率,运用调节效应和门槛回归等模型进行了实证分析。研究结果表明：长江经济带数字经济发展显著提升了绿色发展效率,但中上游地区的提升效应要强于下游地区,起到了填平区域间绿色发展差距的作用;长江经济带的城镇化水平和城乡收入差距均负向调节数字经济对绿色发展效率的影响,但两者发挥调节效应的作用区域有所差异;随着研发投入的增加,数字经济对绿色发展效率呈现正向边际递增的非线性特征。     

长江经济带数字经济发展与粮食安全能力的时空演变及影响分析

民为国基,粮为民命。促进数字经济和农业融合是保障粮食安全的重要手段。本文基于2006～2019年长江经济带107个地级市面板数据,采用面板Tobit随机效应模型和门槛模型,实证分析数字经济对粮食安全能力的影响。结果表明数字经济的发展能显著提升粮食安全能力;数字经济对粮食安全能力的影响存在城镇化和经济发展的门槛效应,以城镇化为门槛时,数字经济对粮食安全能力的促进作用存在边际效应递减的非线性特征,以经济发展水平为门槛变量时,数字经济对粮食安全能力的促进作用存在边际效应递增的非线性特征。进一步研究发现,数字经济对粮食安全能力的影响存在显著的地区差异:在长江经济带中游和下游地区、粮食主产区和城市群,数字经济对提高粮食安全能力的促进作用显著,在其他地区作用并不明显。因此,要把握科技变革的机遇,推动数字基础设施建设;促进数字经济与城镇化和经济发展协同发展;因地制宜制定不同发展战略,加强区域间合作。     

长江经济带新型城镇化对水资源与经济协调发展的影响

水资源刚性约束条件的背景下,把握新型城镇化建设机遇,促进水资源与经济协调发展具有重要意义。基于长江经济带2007—2020年省级面板数据,综合利用耦合协调度模型、中介模型以及空间计量模型探究新型城镇化对水资源与经济协调发展的影响以及用水效率的中介效应。结果显示:新型城镇化对地区水资源与经济协调发展具有促进作用,用水效率在其中起到中介作用;新型城镇化的促进作用存在空间溢出性。据此提出扎实推进新型城镇化建设、稳步推动用水效率提升、强化地区联系、推动区域协同发展等政策建议。     

长江经济带耕地利用生态效率时空分异及组态路径研究

研究目的：揭示21世纪以来长江经济带耕地利用生态效率的时空分异规律,深入辨析其效率提升的复杂组态路径及演变。研究方法：Super-SBM模型、基于fsQCA的组态分析。研究结果：（1）2000—2021年长江经济带耕地利用生态效率总体上处于中等偏下效率水平,呈现先下降后上升的“U”形趋势,区域内演变趋势存在明显差异。（2）长江经济带耕地利用生态效率提升路径可归纳提炼为技术主导下资源—经济驱动、政策助力下资源—技术驱动、资源与经济双元逻辑下技术—政策驱动3条组态路径。（3）研究期内高水平耕地利用生态效率的组态路径呈现明显的时空演变,且核心条件间存在替代效应。研究结论：耕地利用生态效率是一个受“资源—经济—技术—政策”复杂系统因素交互影响的组态问题,针对长江经济带异质性区域的效率提升应注重路径措施“整体谋划”和“因地施策”,并从生态补偿、技术扩散、环境规制等方面强化流域间耕地保护利用政策的联动协同。     

基于改进STIRPAT模型的城镇化水平对工业废水排放的影响——以长江经济带为例

长江经济带城镇化的发展促进了工业的进步,而工业发展的同时也伴随着工业废水排放的增加及对水环境的破坏。通过建立城镇化与工业废水排放之间的STIRPAT模型,分析长江经济带城镇化对工业废水排放的具体影响。结果表明:长江三角洲经济区及长江经济带整体城镇化水平与工业废水排放之间存在着倒N型关系,长江上游经济区和长江中游经济区的城镇化水平与工业废水排放之间存在倒U型曲线关系;经济发展水平和人口规模对工业废水排放的影响存在地区差异;长江经济带及各区域技术水平和产业结构对工业废水排放存在显著的正向影响。据此,在推动新型城镇化建设中,应采取政策扶持、转变经济发展方式、提高公众环保意识、调整产业结构及加速技术创新等措施,以期减少工业废水排放。     

创新驱动下环境规制与长江经济带制造业转型关系研究

基于创新驱动下环境规制对制造业转型的作用机理,利用2005—2016年长江经济带11个省(市)的面板数据,实证研究创新驱动在环境规制与制造业转型关系中的中介效应。结果表明:环境规制对制造业转型的影响存在着基于创新驱动的双门槛效应,创新驱动处于不同的区间范围时,环境规制对制造业转型影响的方向和程度不同。因此,应当重视创新驱动与环境规制的协同作用,因地制宜地制定环境规制政策,同时通过合理配置固定资产、加大教育投入、引导财政支出投向、提高审外资准入门槛、引进先进技术等方式促进长江经济带制造业转型。     

金融发展水平与人口、产业及空间城镇化关系实证探讨

利用1990年～2010年兵团金融发展水平以及人口、产业、空间数据建立协调度模型,运用典型相关分析路径分析探讨了兵团金融发展水平与人口、产业、空间城镇化四者之间的关系及效应,进而提出相关建议。结果表明:(1)进行协调性分析,发现兵团城镇化水平明显提升,金融支持水平提速较缓慢,金融支持与城镇化协调性较高而发展速度较慢。(2)进行典型相关分析,发现金融规模与金融效率促进金融发展,金融结构抑制金融发展,同时,空间城镇化促进城镇化发展,人口与产业抑制城镇化的发展。(3)进行路径分析,发现金融规模及效率对空间城镇化支持效应显著,金融支持结构促进人口城镇化,抑制产业及空间城镇化。     

新型城镇化、产业结构升级与水污染关系研究

基于2008—2017年长江经济带9省2市的面板数据,运用脱钩-PVAR两阶段模型对新型城镇化、产业结构升级与水污染关系的演变趋势和影响机制进行分析。研究发现:水污染与新型城镇化、产业结构升级的关系皆呈现扩张负脱钩—强脱钩的演变趋势,说明长江经济带城镇化与工业化经历了先污染后治理的阶段,但最终实现了经济发展与水污染状况改善的双重目标。脉冲响应与方差分解的结果表明,现阶段新型城镇化的水污染治理效应并不明显,水污染与产业结构升级之间存在着明显的负向关系,且前者对后者的解释作用较强。分别对长江经济带的上、中、下游进行方差分解,发现各变量间的相互影响程度存在明显的区域差异,制定水污染防治政策时不可一概而论。     

包容性视角下甘肃省新型城镇化发展水平评价

以包容性为研究视角,基于人口、经济、社会空间、生态四个维度,构建甘肃省新型城镇化发展水平指标体系,利用熵值法、耦合协调度模型及相对发展类型对甘肃省新型城镇化发展水平进行测度评价。研究表明,甘肃省新型城镇化整体发展呈向好态势,但发展过程中存在"包容性差-内在发展速度不一致-整体协调性差"的问题。提出了以包容性发展为依托,在新型城镇化各空间维度中提供更均等的机会,发挥各子系统比较优势,推动其与新型城镇化同步协调发展的对策建议。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.     

Developments in the Doha Round and WTO dispute settlement: some implications for EU agricultural policy

Progress in the Doha Round is assessed against the changes tothe common agricultural policy (CAP) brought about by the Fischlerreforms of 2003–2004, and that proposed for sugar. Anelimination of export subsidies could place EU exports of processedfoods at a competitive disadvantage because of high sugar andmilk prices. Provided the single payment scheme falls withinthe green box, the likely new limits on domestic support shouldnot be problematic for the post-Fischler CAP. However, an ambitiousmarket access package could open up EU markets and bring pressurefor further reform. If there is no Doha agreement, existingprovisions will continue to apply, but without the protectionof the Peace Clause; and increased litigation is likely. FurtherCAP reform is to be expected.