高水平地学人才的供需分析及培养策略

经济与社会的协调发展对高水平地学人才提出了期待和要求.高水平地学人才知识广博,视野宏大,躬行艰苦奋斗精神,具有基础厚实、专业精深的业务素质,富有科学思维与创新精神,实践能力强,能驾御经济社会发展全局,按照科学发展观要求来推进地学事业建设.要从专业教育、科研训练、实习实践等方面加强高水平地学人才的培养.     

基于WSR方法的极地科考安全风险管控模式研究

极地科学考察具有高风险、高复杂性和整体系统性的特征,科学合理的安全风险管控模式对于降低极地科考事故发生率和财产损失具有重要意义。本文基于WSR系统方法论,建立了针对极地科考的安全风险管控模型。该模型采用PDCA循环程序对极地科考过程中"物理-事理-人理"风险因素进行全面分析与控制,最终保证极地科考的安全性。由于该模型能够从多维角度对极地科考过程进行分析,能够极大程度上对极地科考安全风险因素进行辨识。最后,利用该模型对巴西费拉兹科学考察站火灾爆炸事故案例进行分析,充分表明从三个层面对极地科考安全风险进行管控具有重要意义。     

户外运动基地与森林生态旅游探析--以千岛湖东山尖登山营地为例

户外运动基地是现代森林生态旅游的重要载体。东山尖是千岛湖环湖第一层山脊的第一高峰,具备良好的自然环境以及鲜明的文化特色。东山尖登山营地借鉴森林休闲娱乐和森林生态体验相结合的开发模式,打造以登山、滑雪、沿溪溯源和水上运动为主题的千岛湖户外运动基地,不仅丰富了千岛湖森林生态旅游的内涵,也为国有林场保护植物资源、维护森林生态以及可持续发展树立了新的标杆。     

西安市翠华山山崩旅游资源开发研究

西安市翠华山山崩区具有规模大、面积广,组合好,地学科考价值高的特点;开发山崩旅游资源是保护山崩景观和旅游业综合发展的需要;提出以可持续发展的思想综合开发、景观设计与周围环境相协调、加强宣传、与西安市人文旅游资源进行联合促销和提高管理人员的素质等建议。     

福建政和蛙岩崩塌遗迹景观特征及其旅游开发分析

福建政和蛙岩是一处罕见的大型崩塌地质遗迹,也是佛子山地质公园的重要组成部分。本文在分析蛙岩崩塌地质遗迹形成过程的基础上,归纳总结崩塌遗迹的类型与特点,进而从资源对比、资源组合、区位条件、政策扶持角度分析遗迹资源开发的条件,最后设计地学科考、探险体验、农业观光三条旅游路线,为政和县的旅游开发建设提供重要参考。     

地学哲学研究有了规划与研究指南

1997年1月17日，全国政协秘书长、地学哲学委员会理事长朱训同志主持召开了地学哲学委员会理事长会议，讨论通过了《21世纪与地学哲学──1995年～2010年地学哲学研究规划纲要》及《地学哲学研究指南（1997年～1998年）》，进一步明确了地学哲学研究在未来一个时期的指导思想。其指导思想是：1．为实施跨世纪工程服务。2．为发展地球科学服务。3．为发展马克思主义哲学服务。以此实现四个目的：1．为实施跨世纪工程作出应有的贡献。2．为推动地球科学技术进步发挥作用。3．为马克思主义哲学发展添砖加瓦。4在三个服务中谋求地学哲学自身的发…     

模式识别及其在地学制图中的应用

模式识别在地学制图中的应用，是实现地学制图自动化的重要研究内容。文章通过对模式识别，地学制图，以及地学制图识别的发展回顾和现状分析，阐述了开展地质图模式识别研究的重要意义，并指出了其研究重点。     

基于地学知识的土地利用适宜性决策体系研究——以杭州市为例

充分结合城市地质调查成果,研究地学知识在城市地区土地利用适宜性决策过程中的应用框架,构建包括建设用地地质环境适宜性、建设用地区位经济适宜性、农用地适宜性等在内的土地利用综合适宜性决策体系,综合考虑城市地区空间发展需求、地质环境条件、区位经济优势、基础设施条件、短缺生态资源保护等,确定土地利用综合适宜性决策的框架体系.以杭州市为例开展了土地利用综合适宜性决策研究,结论反映框架的适用性及优势.提出的思路框架可以更好地沟通地学与城市规划及土地利用之间的关系,且将地学知识充分运用于土地利用适宜性决策过程.     

地学与哲学

地学哲学为广大地学工作者提供了观察、分析、解决地学研究与生产实践中复杂问题的锐利武器，把我国地学研究推向了一个新的高度。     

适应地学变化 发展情报工作

文章全面系统地总结了８０年代以来国际地球科学研究在思维方式，研究对象的时空尺度，研究内容，研究形式，组织方式与方法手段的重大变化；阐述了新形势下地学研究工作，学科发展，战略规划，国际合作，科研管理，继续教育和知识储备都需要大量情报信息；最后提出了适应地学发展特点，努力拓展情报工作的若干建议。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.     

Developments in the Doha Round and WTO dispute settlement: some implications for EU agricultural policy

Progress in the Doha Round is assessed against the changes tothe common agricultural policy (CAP) brought about by the Fischlerreforms of 2003–2004, and that proposed for sugar. Anelimination of export subsidies could place EU exports of processedfoods at a competitive disadvantage because of high sugar andmilk prices. Provided the single payment scheme falls withinthe green box, the likely new limits on domestic support shouldnot be problematic for the post-Fischler CAP. However, an ambitiousmarket access package could open up EU markets and bring pressurefor further reform. If there is no Doha agreement, existingprovisions will continue to apply, but without the protectionof the Peace Clause; and increased litigation is likely. FurtherCAP reform is to be expected.