基于DEA的特殊普通合伙制会计师事务所运营效率研究

本文运用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA)方法,从投入与产出角度,对特殊普通合伙制会计师事务所运营效率分别进行了DEA-BCC静态分析及DEA-Malmquist动态分析,并在此基础上考察了会计师事务所转制前后的运营效率变化。研究发现,特殊普通合伙制会计师事务所的整体运营效率较高,且会计师事务所转制后运营效率较转制前有较大提升,会计师事务所转制为特殊普通合伙制为我国注册会计师行业做强做大提供了重大发展契机。     

会计师事务所人力资本与薪资对其经营绩效之影响

知识经济时代,人力资本与薪酬诱因设计是影响会计师事务所经营绩效的关键因素。人力资本与薪酬诱因设计是否随着会计师事务所经营环境竞争日益激烈,而更有助于经营绩效的提高,目前仍缺乏相关证据。有鉴于此,本研究采用2004至2007年「会计师事务所服务业调查报告」之普查资料,探讨会计师事务所人力资本、薪资与经营绩效三者间之关联性。实证发现:实证结果显示,会计师事务所人力资本越高,则薪资水平越高;会计师事务所薪资水平越高,则经营绩效越好;会计师事务所人力资本越高,则经营绩效越好;员工薪资在人力资本与经营绩效间之间扮演着中介之角色。在审计市场环境日益艰困情况下,研究结果可提供会计师事务所的经营者在决策时一个有用之参考。     

中国会计师事务所运营效率之DEA分析

本文用DEA(数据包络分析)法对中国会计师事务所的运营效率进行了实证分析,具体研究了排名前20家会计师事务所的相对运营效率、标杆学习对象、规模效益和改进潜力。通过分析,笔者认为中国本土会计师事务所有发展潜力,在运营上在与国际会计师事务所有一定竞争的实力。当然,中国本土所要想获得进一步发展,就必须做大做强自己,从战略上把握自己的发展。     

人力资本对会计师事务所经营效率的提升作用——来自中国审计市场的经验证据

众所周知,人力资本对于会计师事务所的经营管理十分重要,但因为难以获得公开数据,国内外鲜有文献对此问题进行实证研究.笔者对从会计行业管理网、中国注册会计师协会网站及其他渠道手工收集的事务所样本数据进行了统计分析.经验证据表明,教育和行业专长能显著提高事务所的经营效率,声誉和净资产规模也有积极作用.本文的学术贡献主要在于:率先实证研究了教育、执业经验和行业专长这三种人力资本对事务所经营效率的作用;全面分析了事务所经营效率的影响因素.研究结论为事务所的经营管理和行业发展指明了方向.     

事务所行业专长能提高分析师预测质量吗?北大核心

本文研究会计师事务所行业专长对分析师预测准确度和离散度的影响,并进一步探讨"四大"会计师事务所是否更好地发挥了行业专长。研究结果表明,会计师事务所行业专长与分析师预测准确度正相关,与离散度负相关。进一步研究发现,会计师事务所行业专长与分析师预测之间的关系在"四大"会计师事务所中更为明显。本文结论为我国会计师事务所做强做大战略的实施提供了实证支持。     

会计师事务所行业专门化经营的实证分析

行业专门化经营是会计师事务所产品差异的策略之一.理论上,行业专门化经营会在提高会计师事务所审计质量的同时,使采取行业专门化经营战略的会计师事务所获得审计溢价.对我国2006-2008年A股审计市场数据进行统计分析和实证检验结果表明,以事务所在某行业内的市场占有率来衡量,我国会计师事务所的行业专门化经营水平很低,采取行业专门化经营战略的会计师事务所没有因此而获得审计溢价.     

会计师事务所、资产评估机构内部治理机制建设指导意见

推进会计师事务所、资产评估机构完善内部治理机制建设,是注册会计师行业、资产评估行业健康发展的一项重要而紧迫的任务1.随着改革开放的深入和社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立,注册会计师行业、资产评估行业在市场中发挥着日益重要的作用。会计师事务所、资产评估机构(以下简称事务所)作为自主经营、自担风险的独立主体参与市场服务,其内部治理机制的合理性和有效性,直接影响其自身的经营管理效率和服务水平事务所内部治理机制的整体水平,直接影响到行业形象和服务效率。建立有效完善的内部治理机制,规范和约束货币资本、人力资本要素投入…     

浅析会计师事务所合并过程中的质控人合文化建设

1998年8月,财政部下发《财政部关于进一步加快会计师事务所及审计事务所体制改革的通知》,要求会计师事务所(以下简称"事务所")在规定时间内完成脱钩改制工作。同年,北京会计师事务所与京都会计师事务所合并改制为北京京都会计师事务所,从此中国注册会计师行业走上合并发展之路。经过二十多年的合并发展,国内大型事务所在从业人员专业素质、技术研发投入.     

会计师事务所对职业责任保险的自愿需求:经验分析

本文考察了2010-2012年间我国证券资格会计师事务所对职业责任保险的自愿需求。在我国注册会计师民事诉讼风险较低的环境下,样本期内仍有58.8%的会计师事务所自愿购买了职业责任保险。我们发现,在控制了事务所法律风险水平及其他风险防御机制的情况下,会计师事务所规模越大,其自愿购买职业责任保险的倾向越强;在购买了职业责任保险的事务所中,会计师事务所规模越大,其投入的保险费用越多。上述发现提供了会计师事务所准租越多则越注重保护自身财富的直接证据。此外我们还发现,近年来会计师事务所在保险合约中附加追溯期的倾向显著增强,追溯期间也显著更长。     

基于超效率模型的中国会计师事务所效率研究

会计师事务所的运营效率是事务所竞争力和可持续发展能力的集中体现,是衡量事务所经营业绩的重要标准。效率值的高低可以反映会计师事务所的资源利用效果以及整体经营状况。因而效率分析本身也就成了事务所做大做强业绩评价的一种有效方法。目前我国有关研究会计师事务所效率的文献大都从审计表现的市场效率入手,关注如何使事务所提供高质量的审计服务,进而获得相应的审计溢价。笔者认为,会计师事务所的竞争优势并不仅仅体现在外在的市场效率,本着成本效益原则,事务所的竞争优势很大程度上需要在保证一定市场效率的同时提高其获取利润的能力,从效率的层面看就是要最大限度地节约成本或促使收益最大化。基于这样的考虑,本文应用DEA(数据包络分析)方法并引入了DEA"超效率"模型,从投入产出的角度整体评估了我国会计师事务所的运营效率。     

Efficiency and productivity growth in the banking industry of Central and Eastern Europe

We employ the directional technology distance function and provide estimates of bank efficiency and productivity change across Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and across banks with different ownership status for the period 1998–2003. Our results demonstrate the strong links of competition and concentration with bank efficiency. They also show that productivity for the whole region initially declined but has improved more recently with further progress on institutional and structural reforms. Input-biased technical change has been consistently positive throughout the entire period suggesting that the reforms have induced favorable changes in relative input prices and input mix. However we find evidence of diverging trends in productivity growth patterns across banking industries and that foreign banks outperform domestic private and state-owned banks both in terms of efficiency and productivity gains. Overall, we find that productivity change in CEE is driven by technological change rather than efficiency change.     

Productivity growth and biased technological change: Credit banks in Japan

This paper investigates the productivity change of Japanese credit banks with a Malmquist index and the input technological bias during 2000–2006. Our results indicate that the traditional growth accounting method, which assumes Hicks neutral technological change, is not appropriate for analyzing changes in productivity. Our analysis unambiguously shows that management of Shinkin banks has to be improved. These must be based on the improvement of technical efficiency and/or technological change, emulating the procedures of the best-practice banks, i.e., those banks with Malmquist productivity scores higher than one and simultaneously with technical efficiency and technological change higher than one.     

The sources of bank productivity growth in China during 2002–2009: A disaggregation view

This study investigates the sources of bank productivity growth in China over the period 2002–2009. In order to perform this research, we propose an advanced index – input slack-based productivity index (ISP) – a model that disaggregates total factor productivity growth into each input productivity change. Funds, capital, and employees are chosen as the inputs, whereas loans and other earning assets are outputs in this study. Our results show that technological gains transcend the efficiency regressions and result in total factor productivity growth. More specifically, technical progress in capital productivity reveals the dominant force behind the total factor technical change and productivity improvement. In addition, this paper uses these disaggregation terms to find out the competitive advantages and disadvantages of input usages for each Chinese bank. These findings indicate that the ISP index provides more insights than traditional total factor productivity indices.     

Measuring aggregate productivity growth using plant‐level data

We define aggregate productivity growth (APG) as the change in aggregate final demand minus the change in the aggregate expenditures on labor and capital. We show how to aggregate plant‐level data to this quantity and how to decompose APG into technical efficiency and reallocation components. This requires us to confront the “non‐neoclassical” features that impact plant‐level data, including plant‐level heterogeneity, the entry and exit of goods, adjustment costs, fixed and sunk costs, and market power. The APG decomposition includes one term per plant related to technical efficiency and one term for each input at each plant that is a function of the value of marginal product ‐ input price gap and that relates the reallocation of inputs to growth. We compare APG to several competing variants of productivity growth that are based only on plant‐level technical efficiency. Two simple theoretical examples illustrate that technical‐efficiency reallocation can be negatively correlated with actual APG reallocation because technical efficiency is a production concept and need not have any relation with the APG reallocation gaps. We illustrate this point empirically using panel data from manufacturing industries in Chile, where we show technical‐efficiency reallocation differs substantially from measured reallocation based on our definition of APG.     

Productivity Analysis of UK Auditing Firms

This study analyses the productivity change in the United Kingdom (UK) of auditing firms over the period 2005–2012, using a Malmquist index with a technological bias. Productivity is the rate at which goods or services are produced relative to the input. A common measure of productivity is the ratio of output per unit of labour used in the production. Productivity change is the change in the total output relative to the change in the total input and it is composed of technical efficiency change (managerial practices and scale effects) and technological change (innovation and investment in new technologies). Until 2005, the auditing profession in the UK employed a regime of self‐regulation; after a brief hiatus, the country adopted the new European Statutory Audit Directive in April 2008, changing the regulatory framework. This study analyses the productivity change among UK auditing companies both before and after the regulation change. Our results indicate that the productivity change among UK auditing companies is mixed and not dictated by regulation. Furthermore, the traditional growth accounting method, which assumes Hicks‐neutral technological change, is not appropriate for an analysis of the productivity change in auditing firms.     

Efficiency,technical change,and returns to scale in large US banks: Panel data evidence from an output distance function satisfying theoretical regularity

This paper provides parametric estimates of technical change, efficiency change, economies of scale, and total factor productivity growth for large banks (those with assets in excess of $1 billion) in the United States, over the period from 2000 to 2005. This is done by estimating an output distance function subject to theoretical regularity within a Bayesian framework. We find that failure to incorporate theoretical regularity conditions results in mismeasured shadow revenue and/or cost shares, which in turn leads to perverse conclusions regarding productivity growth. Our results from the regularity-constrained model show that total factor productivity of the large US banks grew at an average rate of 1.98% over the sample period. However, our estimates also show a clear downward trend in the growth rate of total factor productivity and our decomposition of the primal Divisia total factor productivity growth index into its three components – technical change, efficiency change, and economies of scale – indicates that technical change is the driving force behind this decline.     

我国商业银行的效率现状及生产率变动分析

本文运用数据包络分析方法和Malmquist指数对我国28家三类商业银行2000～2004年的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率以及全要素生产率变动进行了测算。结果发现,三类商业性银行的效率存在差异:国有商业银行的规模效率最低,并且呈规模报酬递减;股份制商业银行效率略高于国有商业银行;城市商业银行效率由相对最低转为相对最高。总体上看,银行业全要素生产率呈上升趋势,技术效率呈下降趋势,规模效率无明显变化。本文的主要结论是:规模是影响国有商业银行和股份制商业银行效率差异的主要因素,银行全要素生产率的变动受信息技术发展的推动以及宏观环境的影响。     

Bank efficiency,productivity, and convergence in EU countries: a weighted Russell directional distance model

The objective of this study is three-fold. First we estimate and analyse bank efficiency and productivity changes in the EU28 countries with the application of a novel approach, a weighted Russell directional distance model. Second, we take a disaggregated approach and analyse the contribution of the individual bank inputs on bank efficiency and productivity growth. Third, we test for convergence in EU28 bank productivity as well as in the inefficiency of individual bank inputs. We find that bank efficiency has been undermined by the financial crisis in banks notably from the EU15 countries. We also argue that bank efficiency and productivity in EU countries vary across the banking sector with banks from the ‘old’ EU showing higher efficiency levels. Nonetheless, a noticeable catching up process is observed for banks from the ‘new’ EU countries. Consequently, we do not find evidence of group convergence for bank productivity but there is evidence of convergence in bank efficiency change and technical change among the EU28 countries throughout the period 2005–2014. The driving force seems to be convergent technical change from the old EU member states’ banks. On the other hand, almost no convergence is detected for the banks’ individual inputs while the transition paths show heightened diversity during the crisis years.     

Productivity and efficiency at large and community banks in the US: A Bayesian true random effects stochastic distance frontier analysis

This paper compares the productivity and efficiency of large banks and community banks in the United States over the period 1997–2006. This comparison is performed by estimating a true random effects stochastic distance frontier model—a model that is capable of disentangling unobserved heterogeneity from inefficiency—within a Bayesian framework. We find that failure to consider unobserved heterogeneity results in a misleading ranking of banks and mismeasured technical efficiency, productivity growth, and returns to scale. Our results show that, compared with community banks, large banks have experienced much higher productivity growth and higher levels of returns to scale. Our estimates of total factor productivity growth show a clear downward trend for both large and community banks, and our decomposition of the output-distance-function-based Divisia productivity index indicates that technical change is the driving force behind this trend.     

文化传媒上市公司全要素生产率的Globe Malmquist 研究

采用Global Malmquist指数研究我国26家文化传媒上市公司2006~2012年全要素生产率,结果表明:从总体上来说,文化传媒上市公司的全要素生产率(GM)、技术效率(EC)、技术进步指数(BPC)均呈现上下波动趋势。从平均水平来看,全要素生产率呈U型变动,而技术效率(EC)指数和技术进步(BPC)指数的平均水平变动不太稳定,说明我国文化产业的竞争力没有形成核心力,内生增长的方式需进行转型。