基于模糊综合评价的政府会计准则基本准则评价

政府会计概念框架有助于丰富政府会计理论、指导政府会计准则、促进政府会计国际趋同。因此,有必要对政府会计概念框架进行评价,找出关键因素并予以重视,以保证政府会计概念框架的质量,为我国形成完善的政府会计准则奠定基础。首先分析影响政府会计概念框架的因素,构建政府会计概念框架评价指标体系,再采用模糊综合评价法进行评价,基于评价结果提出完善概念框架的建议。     

基于模糊综合评价的政府会计准则基本准则评价

政府会计概念框架有助于丰富政府会计理论、指导政府会计准则、促进政府会计国际趋同。因此，有必要对政府会计概念框架进行评价．找出关键因素并予以重视，以保证政府会计概念框架的质量．为我国形成完善的政府会计准则奠定基础。首先分析影响政府会计概念框架的因素，构建政府会计概念框架评价指标体系，再采用模糊综合评价法进行评价，基于评价结果提出完善概念框架的建议。     

关于基本会计准则与财务会计概念框架的思考

我国的会计准则体系分为两个层次:基本会计准则和具体会计准则。基本准则是制订会计核算制度的依据,也是制定具体准则的依据。具体准则是根据基本准则制订的有关企业会计核算的具体要求,到目前为止已发布了近十几个具体准则。西方的财务会计概念框架实质上是指会计准则的理论结构,即制订会计准则的理论依据。它主要研究的是与会计和财务报告准则相关的会计理论问题,可以说,财务会计概念框架是会计理论体系的一个主要组成部分。目前,我国业内人士认为基本准则即相当于西方的"财务会计概念框架",那么,能否将基本准则当作是我国的财务会计概念框架呢?     

国家治理视角的政府会计概念框架

政府会计是国家治理的基石和重要组成部分,其概念框架要服从和服务于国家治理。政府会计概念框架中的政府会计目标、政府会计信息质量特征、政府会计主体、政府会计基础、政府会计对象与要素、确认与计量、政府会计财务报告等都应该依据服从和服务于国家治理的要求加以界定。     

构建政府会计概念框架研究

建立以政府会计目标为逻辑起点的政府会计概念框架，是政府会计理论建设的需要，是制定政府会计管理模式的需要，也是中国与国际政府会计协调的需要。本文拟就如何建立政府会计概念框架的几个主要问题．谈些看法。     

开展政府会计改革研究的经验

政府会计是政府预算管理和政府财务管理的基础。为适应政府职能转变和公共财政建设的需要，从2005年起，我们依托预算会计研究会，开始开展政府会计改革研究。五年来，我们对政府会计目标、框架、管理模式、会计要素、政府财务报告体系等重点问题深入基层调查，征求各方意见，先后形成了《政府会计体系的框架》、《关于政府会计管理模式的研究》、《政府会计要素的确认与计量》、《政府财务报告体系建设问题的研究》等多篇综合性研究报告。在研究政府会计改革整体思路和体系的同时．还结合工作实际，对现行预算会计核算中的新情况新问题．如会计科目调整、     

关于政府会计管理模式的研究报告（一）——政府会计规范模式的设计

一、外国的政府会计规范模式(一)国外政府会计规范的两种模式——准则模式、制度模式。准则模式即以一系列会计准则规范政府会计核算的形式。准则模式又可分为两种:(1)以概念框架统领各项准则的规范体系。在这类规范模式中,存在一组对报告目标、信息质量特征、有关报表项目或会计要素概念等进行界定的概念。如美国联邦会计准则咨询委员会发     

政府会计概念框架结构研究

本文从基本理论上探讨政府会计概念框架应该回答的问题,从多个国家及国际组织公共部门会计概念框架的对比中寻找灵感,从企业会计概念框架中吸取养分,借助政府会计概念框架整体分析模型构建我国政府会计概念框架结构,试图为我国政府会计概念框架的建设提供有益的借鉴。     

我国管理型会计模式的选择及构成要素分析

目前,我国经营管理型会计模式的基本框架已搭建起来,但还远未成熟.通过分析我国会计模式在会计目标、会计管理体制、会计核算、监督与报告等方面的形成与发展历程,提出相应的建议及后续研究问题.     

政府会计与企业会计:概念框架差异与启示——基于IPSASB与IASB最新研究成果的分析

政府会计与企业会计在技术层面具有较多的共性,因此,政府会计概念框架的研究可以借鉴企业会计已有的成果。然而,由于政府(公共部门)环境与企业环境存在显著的差异,政府会计概念框架体系的构建不能直接移植企业会计的相关理念。本文以国际公共部门会计准则理事会与国际会计准则理事会最新发布的关于会计概念框架的有关文献为基础,试图比较并分析政府会计与企业会计之间的共性与特性,为我国未来政府会计改革借鉴企业会计改革经验提出建议与启示。     

Accounting for Infrastructure Service Delivery by Government: Generational Issues

Infrastructure service provision by government creates huge distributional issues about service availability and performance over time and the relative funding burdens borne by successive generations of consumers across time. But providing financial disclosure on these issues through inter-generational accounting pre-supposes that accounting measurement is both generationally neutral (temporal neutrality) and does not legitimate any particular pattern of distribution. At the very least, accounting measurements of service provision costs should possess the attribute of distributional fairness. They should not bias the inter-generational allocation of cost or funding burdens. We argue that the forced application of inappropriate commercial accounting concepts of asset valuation, depreciation and capital maintenance does produce significant generational bias. More flexibility is required to produce the necessary accounting measurement attributes for financial disclosure on whether government has discharged its continuing accountability for inter-generational equity in burden sharing. We discuss three conceptual issues and illustrate the need for flexibility by proposing an alternative 'flow of obligations' approach which does not require reference to valuations of community service resources or arbitrary cost allocations under depreciation.     

基金会计理论与我国政府会计改革

我国传统预算会计的基本目标是为了满足国家宏观经济管理对会计信息的需求,而未来的政府会计既要为政府制定政策、进行绩效评估提供信息,同时更要为纳税人提供有关整个政府财务的信息。因此,未来我国传统的预算会计模式需要借鉴国外经验,向政府会计模式转变。而要建立政府会计模式,必须明确基金会计的改革取向,推动我国政府会计的全面改革。     

National Accounting, Government Budgeting and the Accounting Discipline

National accounting and government budgeting include two kinds of financial reporting that are not influenced by, but have an increasing influence on, the accounting discipline. The government budget has changed, over the last sixty years, from a financial statement that was recognisably part of the accounting discipline to one in which national accounting and government budgeting have the dominant influence. There were early attempts to reconcile national accounting and the discipline but these have largely disappeared. Although the three forms of accounting measure the same phenomena, each is different in fundamental ways, in terms of both relevance and reliability.     

New development: China promotes government financial accounting and management accounting

In late 2013, China's political leadership decided to require the government to practice accrual accounting and prepare whole-of-government financial reports. This decision was codified in the new budget law and followed up by a State Council directive endorsing the reform proposal of the Ministry of Finance. Some basic government accounting standards have been made public for comment. In the same timeframe, the ministry also decided to promote management accounting in order to raise the competency and contributions of China's millions of accounting personnel.     

Accounting System Reform in Japanese Local Governments

The New Public Management (NPM), of which the change from cash accounting to accrual accounting is considered an important tool, has been in fashion in many developed countries. Japanese governments, however, have preserved control of expenditures on a cash basis, though recently financial management reforms in local government have begun to adopt NPM ideas. Using a contingency framework which views the reform of accounting sub-systems (management accounting, financial accounting and auditing) as stimulated by a combination of internal and external pressures, this paper explores why Japanese local governments managed to survive without accrual accounting and the prospects for further reform in the future. It is suggested that system change itself can be accomplished by internal pressures, in the form of mandated policies, alone but that sustained external pressures by citizens are required in order to achieve the intended outcomes of accounting reform.     

Social justice in a cold climate: Could social accounting make a difference?

Building on the argument that justice should be the transcendent principle in accounting, we argue that social accounting invokes notions of community, shared social values, and fairness in the distribution of social resources. These ideas are elaborated in relation to local government, which provides a window on how communities make decisions about distributing their social resources and the accounting processes which guide these decisions. Fieldwork in two large but contrasting English local authorities suggests that the potential of social accounting is not reflected in the predominant accounting systems in local government organisations, but in more subtle and successful forms of ‘enacted social accounting’. Its utility relates to the achievement of short-term social goals where social injustices persist and accountants, managers and politicians seek to accommodate financial pressures to protect the most vulnerable members of the community. We identify local government accountants as morally responsible for the further development of social accounting which envisions a future for local government, and establishes links between social justice, environmentalism and localism.     

The Financial Accountability of Australia's Medicare System: A Generational Accounting Analysis

The financial sustainability of publicly funded health care systems is sensitive to the demographics of ageing populations, which have a significant bearing on their financial management, accountability and reporting of their financial performance. This paper examines historical and current trends in demographic structure of Australia's population that are likely to impact on the financial management and accountability practices affecting Australia'suniversal public health care system ('Medicare'). The pay-as-you-go financed funding status of Medicare as represented under both currently required, cash-based accounting principles and proposed accrual-based accounting principles are criticised for not recognising the obligations of the Australian government under Medicare. An alternative system of generational accounting is proposed that projects the financial management costs of Medicare. Data are taken from both historical trends in expenditure and ageing as well as projected demographics. The analysis implies that there is significant intergenerational-inequity in the funding of Medicare, which is not recognised under accrual-based accounting principles that are now being used to evaluate the financial accountability and performance of government entities.     

论改进我国政府会计与财务报告

政府会计与财务报告关系到政府向社会公众及其他各方提供的财务信息是否具有真实性、完整性和可靠性的问题。本文认为 ,政府会计作为反映政府财务活动的信息系统 ,应当根据我国政府的职能及政府财务活动的内容 ,全面、完整地反映政府财务活动情况及结果。随着我国预算管理体制改革、政府职能转换 ,政府会计与财务报告应当借鉴国际公共部门会计与财务报告的通常做法 ,吸收我国企业会计与财务报告改革的成功经验 ,进行改进和完善 ,并着重从政府会计名称、政府会计对象 (内容 )、政府会计模式、政府会计基础及政府财务报告等方面进行改革 ,真正建立具有中国特色、与国际公共部门会计可比的、科学规范的政府会计与财务报告体系 ,保证政府向社会公众提供的财务信息的真实性和完整性     

财务会计目标之透视

财务会计目标是会计准则的基石,用来指引整个财务会计概念框架和会计准则体系的构建,在会计准则制定工作中起重要的导航作用。本文在对财务会计目标综述的基础上,分析了我国会计环境对财务会计目标的影响;进一步明确了在我国目前的会计环境下,财务会计目标应定位于"决策有用观+受托责任观"。     

商业银行财务集中的管理框架与创新思路

商业银行财务集中有效解决了财务核算主体分散、监控管理不到位的问题,使财务信息核算质量提高,但是,其仍然存在以下隐忧：受管理环境的制约,财务集中的基础性定位、单一的核算职能与商业银行价值管理的发展要求存在差距,财务信息与商业银行预算管理、绩效评价等管理会计的相关性较弱。财务集中的创新应通过全面的成本控制来发挥财务资源配置...