金融危机背后公允价值的反思

金融危机的原因是多方面的,与公允价值会计计量有密切关系,但公允价值不是金融危机的"原凶",充其量只是"帮凶".正确认识公允价值,充分发挥公允价值会计在市场经济中的作用,对应对和解决当前的金融危机有现实意义.我国不能完全照搬西方的做法,而应结合具体实际,对公允价值会计进行改进和完善,使之更好地为经济发展服务.     

财务报告目标与公允价值计量

一、问题的提出近年来,公允价值计量成为会计理论与实务界关注的热点问题。相关的研究文献很多。倡导公允价值计量的研究文献。主要关注公允价值计量的具体运用,例如,在不存在活跃市场的情况下如何确定公允价值的问题。反对公允价值计量的研究文献,则较多地关注公允价值计量的顺周期效应问题。本文试图结合财务报告的目标,对公允价值计量问题进行相关的讨论。     

我国公允价值计量研究的现状及相关问题探析

本文在分析我国公允价值计量研究现状的基础上,对公允价值的概念、公允价值与其他计量属性之间的关系、公允价值计量的可靠性以及公允价值层级等几个方面进行了深入探悉。公允价值研究领域的不均衡和公允价值方法研究的不足构成了前几年我国会计准则、制度中公允价值应用的障碍;"时态观"是公允价值的一个本质特征;公允价值是由"现行市价"和"现值"两种计量属性发展而来的一种具有"复合"性质的计量属性;公允价值会计信息不仅相关,而且具备合理的可靠性;合理界定公允价值层级是可靠计量公允价值的基础。     

浅谈公允价值计量模式在渔业生物资产中的应用

我国与国际的生物资产准则最大的区别在于对生物资产的计量模式的选择不同,目前我国已具备渔业生物资产公允价值计量的可行性,结合渔业生物资产的生物特性,明确公允价值计量模式在渔业生物资产中的初始与后续计量方法,提出完善渔业生物资产公允价值计量的保障措施,对渔业生物资产价值进行合理计量,为信息使用者提供有用的信息.     

论公允价值计量的应用

本文主要探讨公允价值的计量的应用,首先简要概述公允价值计量的现状与问题;然后,阐述公允价值计量的最新发展进程,举例说明公允价值计量在会计计量当中的具体应用,讨论公允价值估价方法的确定,阐述公允价值的计量方法的应用;最后,指出公允价值在财务报告中的披露。     

关于公允价值本质的思考

目前会计界关于公允价值本质有"独立计量属性观"、"复合计量属性观"、"计量目标观"和"检验尺度观"等多种不同的观点,这些观点的形成与不同时期各国会计准则对公允价值的不同理解和规定密切相关。公允价值是在传统的"基于交易会计"逐步转向"基于价值会计"过程中形成的,公允价值的本质应放在"基于价值会计"体系中进行定位。"基于价值会计"在会计目标定位、会计信息质量要求、会计确认、会计计量以及财务报告等各个方面都与传统的"基于交易会计"有一定区别。在"基于价值会计"体系中,公允价值是会计计量力图实现的一种理想目标,各种计量属性是实现这一目标的具体手段,公允价值体现了"真实与公允"会计理念对采用各种计量属性进行价值计量的一种约束和要求。将公允价值狭义地定位成一种具体计量属性,不仅与公允价值在"基于价值会计"体系中的层次地位不符,也与各国会计准则关于公允价值计量的整体精神相违背,还与实务界常用的计量属性之一——"现行市价"有重复之嫌。     

公允价值国际准则最新动态及对金融工具国际准则趋同的影响与启示

2008年的全球金融危机使得公允价值会计备受争议,有人认为公允价值是金融危机的罪魁祸首,是企业业绩大幅波动的始作俑者,是投资者追涨杀跌的助推手。时至今日,公允价值的研究仍是一个热点和难点,对理论与现实都有极其重要的意义。诚然,这次危机暴露了公允价值计量的缺陷,但回归历史成本计量是一种倒退,因为历史成本计量模式下存在的问题不会改变,我们要做的是,如何完善公允价值计量。正是这个原因,国际会计准则理事会?(IASB)最终于2011年5月12日发布了?《国际财务报告准则第13号——公允价值计量》(IFRS?13),旨在完善公允价值计量的问题。IFRS?13首次通过明确定义"公允价值"以及在IFRS体系中执行单一的公允价值计量和披露规定来提升一致性、降低复杂性。本文旨在介绍《国际财务报告准则第13号——公允价值计量》(IFRS?13)的内容,探讨其对金融工具会计准则国际趋同的影响,并就我国应用公允价值提出几点建议。     

公允价值应用探讨

2006年2月,我国财政部发布的企业1项基本准则38项具体准则中又广泛涉及了公允价值的计量,而具体规范公允价值计量的<金融工具确认和计量暂行规定(施行)>(以下简称<规定>)也于2006年在上市和准备上市的商业银行中试行.公允价值在我国会计准则体系应用中的"一波三折"突现出人们对公允价值计量模式的陌生和怀疑.然而,目前对公允价值仍存在许多争议和忽视,包括公允价值属性的确切定义、公允价值的相关性、公允价值确定方法、公允价值适用的条件,等等.本文结合公允价值计量的理论、方法、国内外公允价值应用比较以及执行了新会计准则后部分上市公司股东权益调节表年报的研究,进而辨证认识公允价值计量属性,对公允价值在我国实施提出合理化建议,目前显得十分有必要.     

浅析金融危机下公允价值的计量

<正>面对不断蔓延的全球性金融危机,许多人士对"公允价值计量"产生了质疑。本文在分析了次贷危机对公允价值计量的影响之后,针对我国经济发展的现状提出了完善我国公允价值计量的一些建议。一、金融危机下对公允价值的质疑公允价值会计准则在美国金融界的应用,除了具有提高     

公允价值与其他计量属性的辨析与思考

虽然我国在2006年就发布了《企业会计准则——基本准则》,对公允价值进行了正式的定义和明确的定位,但是简单地将其理解为一种具体的计量属性的情况不在少数。其实,公允价值位超越于其他各具体的计量属性,与它们形成一种目标与手段的关系。本文围绕公允价值与其他计量属性展开辨析与思考。     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

The life and career of John Spence Ogilvy (1805-71), the first chartered accountant to emigrate to Australia

So far as the available evidence allows, this paper examines the life and career of John Spence Ogilvy, foundation member of the Society of Accountants in Edinburgh in 1854, who emigrated to Melbourne in 1856, but did not play a part in the development of an organized accounting profession in Australia. The paper also attempts to explain the gap of thirty-two years between the formation of the first accounting bodies in Edinburgh and Melbourne.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.