上市公司变更再融资投向的影响因素研究

一、引言中国上市公司偏好股权融资(黄少安等,2001),近年来公司融资后变更募集资金投向表现得相当突出和普遍,产生了很多负面影响。国内已有学者对此问题进行过一些研究。刘勤、陆满平等(2002)对中国上市公司变更募集资金投向的动机进行了分析,提出了善意变更和恶意变更的分类。朱武祥(2002)则从投资审批体制不适应实际需要等多个方面,分析了上市公司变更资金投向的原因。张为国、翟春燕(2005)对1999～2001年融资的上市公司进行实证结果表明,变更募集资金投向的几率和程度与公司的规模、长期投资显著负相关,与公司持有的关联交易、闲置资金及股权集中度显著正相关。另外,还有一些学者对中国上市公司募集资金投向变更如何影响公司业绩进行了研究,得到了投向变更使公司业绩下降的结论(李志文等,2002;原红旗等,2004;刘少波等,2004)。由于种种原因,股票市场的涨跌形成了不同的趋势,那么在不同的大市下进行权益再融资,是否会影响到上市公司募资投向变更呢?另外,上市公司的哪些因素会影响募资投向变更?其影响程度如何?这促使了本文实证研究的开展。二、研究范围与数据采样本文中变更募集资金投向的定义为:上市公司公开发行股票所募集的资...     

募集资金投向变更、公司治理与公司绩效

本文研究了中国股市公司治理与募集资金投向变更之间的关系。我们考察上市公司募集资金投向变更是否提高了资金使用效率。结果表明,公司募集资金投向变更市场反应为负,变更事件显著导致公司未来业绩变差,这说明变更对绩效的影响是无效率的。进一步的研究显示,公司治理水平较差的公司更倾向于变更募集资金投向。     

上市公司再融资投向变更的原因分析

一、研究范围与数据采样本文中变更再融资投向的定义为:上市公司通过配股、增发所募集的资金,没有按照招(配)股说明书中承诺的有关投资项目进行投资,通过法律程序———董事会决议和股东大会审议批准及履行规定的披露程序公开变更原资金项目投向和未通过法律程序但在公司年报中     

上市公司再融资投向变更的原因分析

一、研究范围与数据采样 本文中变更再融资投向的定义为:上市公司通过配股、增发所募集的资金,没有按照招(配)股说明书中承诺的有关投资项目进行投资,通过法律程序--董事会决议和股东大会审议批准及履行规定的披露程序公开变更原资金项目投向和未通过法律程序但在公司年报中有披露变更原资金项目投向,及项目自资金到位后仍未按原计划开工资金闲置6个月以上的.     

对变更募资投向影响因素的理论与实证研究

本文运用成本——收益分析方法,在理论上研究上市公司的各种因素对其变更募股资金投向行为的影响,得出结论:资产规模大的公司不倾向于变更募资投向,而资产规模小的公司更倾向于变更原投资计划。基于理论研究,本文对结论进行了实证检验,并提出了政策意见。     

上市公司再融资募集资金投向变更原因分析

近年来,上市公司变更募集资金投向的现象日渐突出,造成该种现象的原因有很多,本文就募集资金投向变更的原因进行了具体分析,并根据分析的结果提出了相应规范再融资募集资金使用行为的政策和建议.     

对“上市公司IPO募集资金使用情况影响因素研究”一文的评论

上市公司大面积、大规模地频繁变更募集资金使用方向已经成为我国证券市场的突出问题，市场反响较大，监管部门和媒体也给予了充分关注。刘勤、陆满平、寻晓青、何才元（2002）对2000年7月1日至2001年7月1日上市公司频繁变更募集资金使用方向的情况开展了专项调查，发现能将募集资金投向所承诺项目的上市公司不到五成，募集资金到位后按原计划进度实际投入资金的公司则更少。2001年4月10日，有关部门发布了《前次募集资金使用情况专项报告指引》，要求上市公司新股发行时必须由具有证券期货相关业务资格的会计师事务所出具《前次募集资金使用情况专项报告》。本文对上市公司IPO募集资金变更及投入比例的影响因素进行研究，具有重要的现实意义及理论意义。     

募集资金投向变更的文献综述

今年来,我国上市公司募集资金投向变更行为越来越频繁。学者们对这方面的研究成果颇多。本文就募集资金投向变更的原圆分析,与业绩变化之间的关系及市场反应这三个反面收集整理了相关文献形成该文献综述。     

变更募集资金投向及其监管研究

我国上市公司变更募集资金投向的总体情况 上市公司从证券市场上融资，其行为本身的目的是为了企业的持续发展，如果公司在募集资金实际运作过程中，为顺应市场不断变化以及产业结构调整的需要而变更部分募集资金……     

上市公司变更再融资投向的影响因素研究

一、引言 中国上市公司偏好股权融资(黄少安等,2001),近年来公司融资后变更募集资金投向表现得相当突出和普遍,产生了很多负面影响.国内已有学者对此问题进行过一些研究.     

Corporate investment,government control,and financing channels: Evidence from China's Listed Companies

We investigate the relation between the internally generated cash flows and fixed asset investments of Chinese firms and find that it is U-shaped. Cash flow and investment are negatively related for low levels of cash flow but positively related for high levels of cash flow. We find that government controlled listed firms have greater investment–cash flow sensitivities than do privately controlled listed companies, especially on the left-hand side of the U-shaped curve where cash flow is negative. However, the difference in sensitivities appears only among firms that possess few profitable investment opportunities. We attribute this finding to the government having multiple socio-economic objectives, which leads to increased capital expenditures by the firms it controls when internal funds are abundant and when internal funds are negative. There is no evidence that access to finance and soft budget constraints explain the differences between the investment–cash flow sensitivities of government controlled and privately controlled listed firms.     

中国上市公司高额现金持有动因研究——代理理论抑或权衡理论

对上市公司为何会连续几年持有大量高额现金这种令人困惑的现象,财务理论上有代理理论和权衡理论这两种截然不同的解释。本文以174家在1998—2000年连续3年持有高额现金的上市公司作为研究样本,通过验证高额现金持有的决定因素及其给企业业绩的影响,来回答我国企业的高额现金持有行为可以用何种理论解释。本文认为与代理理论相比,权衡理论更适合用来解释我国企业的高额现金持有行为。我们认为为了更好地维护现金安全,提高企业的资金使用效率,从源头上解决我国企业高现金持有问题,今后更多的应该是从减少企业融资成本、增加投资渠道入手。     

Corporate Cash Policy and How to Manage it with Stock Repurchases

At the end of 2004 total U.S. corporate cash holdings reached an all‐time high of just under $2 trillion—an amount equal to roughly 15% of the total U.S. GDP. And during the past 25 years, average cash holdings have jumped from 10% to 23% of total corporate assets. But at the same time their levels of cash have risen, U.S. companies have paid out dramatically increasing amounts of cash to buy back shares. This article addresses the following questions: What accounts for the dramatic increase in the average level of corporate cash holdings since 1980? And why do some companies keep so much cash (with one fourth of U.S. firms holding cash amounting to at least 36% of total assets) while others have so little (with another quarter having less than 3%)? Why do companies pay out excess cash in the form of stock repurchases (rather than, say, dividends), and what explains the significant increase in repurchases (both in absolute terms and relative to dividends) over time? The author begins by arguing that cash reserves provide companies with a buffer against possible shortfalls in operating profits—one that, especially during periods of financial trouble, can be used to avoid financial distress or provide funding for promising projects that might otherwise have to be put off. Such buffers are particularly valuable in the case of smaller, riskier companies with lots of growth opportunities and limited access to capital markets. And the dramatic increase in corporate cash holdings between 1980 and the present can be attributed mainly to an increase in the risk of publicly traded companies—an increase in risk that reflects in part a general increase in competition, but also a notable change over time in the kinds of companies (smaller, newer, less profitable, non‐dividend paying firms) that have chosen to go public. At the other end of the corporate spectrum are large, relatively mature companies with limited growth opportunities. Although such companies tend to produce considerable free cash flow, they also tend to retain relatively small amounts of cash (as a percentage of total assets), in part because of shareholder concern about the corporate “free cash flow problem”—the well‐documented tendency of such companies to destroy value through overpriced (often diversifying) acquisitions and other misguided attempts to pursue growth at the expense of profitability. For companies with highly predictable earnings and investment plans, dividends provide one means of addressing the free cash flow problem. But for companies with more variable earnings and less predictable reinvestment, open‐market stock repurchases provide a more flexible means of distributing cash to shareholders. Unlike the corporate “commitment” implied by dividend payments, an open market stock repurchase program creates what amounts to an option but not an obligation to distribute funds. The value of such flexibility, which increases during periods of increased risk and uncertainty, explains much of the apparent substitution of repurchases for dividends in recent years.     

上市公司固定资产投资规模影响因素

固定资产投资对宏观经济增长和微观企业发展意义重大.文章通过对经典投资理论和实证研究成果回顾,找到并通过我国国有上市公司样本数据实证检验这些因素.结论显示经典投资理论对我国上市公司投资规模确定具有适用性,我国上市公司投资规模取决于投资机会、内部现金流和负债程度,国有上市公司整体表现为投资过度.     

财务困境企业资本投资行为的实证研究——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

以2003～2005年因连续两年亏损被ST的79家公司为对象,从投资对现金流敏感度的变化和投资战略的调整两方面对财务困境企业的资本投资行为进行理论分析和实证检验.结果表明,陷入困境后的企业因更严重的信息不对称和代理问题而遭受更严重的融资约束;与缩减投资规模相比,财务困境企业扩大投资规模更有利于其走出困境.     

Corporate dividend policy in practice: Evidence from an emerging market with a tax-free environment

Several theories have been proposed to explain why companies pay dividends. However, as of today, the dividend policy remains a puzzle as no convincing explanation has been given as to why firms pay cash dividends to their shareholders. This paper contributes to this debate by examining the dividend policy in an emerging market that has a tax-free environment. Specifically, we follow Brav et al. (2005) and examine this issue using survey and field interviews, in the particular context of the United Arab Emirates. Our results provide support for the proposition that dividend policy is conservative. We also find that dividends in the UAE are considered by managers as a residual cash flow, and are determined after investment decisions are made. When examining the determinants of dividend policy, we find that taxes are not important, that institutional investors are expected to play a role in disciplining managers, and that dividends may play a disciplinary role as well in controlling agency conflicts.     

Effects of financial constraints on corporate policies in Australia

We jointly study the impact of financial constraints on Australian companies’ investment decisions and demand for liquidity. By examining a large sample of Australian firms over the period 1990–2003, we find that financial constraints not only reduce the sensitivity of investment to the availability of internal funds, but also increase the responsiveness of cash holdings to internally generated cash flows. Further analysis shows that the impact of financial constraints varies across different cash flow states; that is, financial constraints have a small effect on corporate investment and cash policies when cash flows are positive. In contrast, the severity of constraints is high in negative cash flow years in which the cost disadvantage of external finance coincides with deteriorating operating performance.     

贸易自由化对制造业企业现金储蓄的影响——预防性动机还是投资挤压?

随着加入世界贸易组织,中国企业的出口及投资机会增多,但与此同时面临的进口竞争压力也与日俱增。本文基于1998-2007年中国工业企业数据和行业进口关税数据,以中国2001年加入世界贸易组织为准自然实验,采用双重差分法(DID)模型,首次系统地考察了贸易自由化对制造业企业现金储蓄的影响及作用机制。研究发现:(1)中国贸易自由化不仅没有提高国内制造业企业的现金储蓄率,反而通过投资挤压显著降低了企业的现金储蓄率,这与发达国家的相关研究结果大相径庭。(2)贸易自由化对企业现金储蓄的作用依赖于市场竞争程度,即关税减让会显著降低竞争性行业以及高集聚区域内企业的现金储蓄率。(3)高关税行业的关税降低后,进口竞争会侵蚀纯内销企业的投资机会,尤其是小规模企业,进而降低其现金储蓄。经过一系列检验后,结论依然成立。     

The Free Cash Flow Anomaly Revisited: Finnish Evidence

Abstract:  This paper examines the performance of an investment strategy based on free cash flows using financial statement data of Finnish companies during the period 1992-2002. The analysis in this paper is motivated by the so-called free cash flow anomaly previously documented e.g. in Hackel, Livnat and Rai (2000) . Using annual financial statement information, we identify large-capitalization companies with positive free cash flows, low free cash flow multiples, and low financial leverage. Since a portfolio of these companies is found to consistently outperform the market index, our results suggest that the free cash flow anomaly also exists in the Finnish stock market.     

Drivers of Shareholder Returns in Tech Industries (or How to Make Sense of Amazon's Market Value)

Earnings according to GAAP do a notoriously poor job of explaining the current values of the most successful high‐tech companies, which in recent years have experienced remarkable growth in revenues and market capitalizations. But if GAAP earnings fail to account for the values of such companies, are there other measures that do better? The authors address this question in two main ways. They begin by summarizing the findings of their recent study of both the operating and the stock‐market performance of 169 publicly traded tech companies (with market caps of at least $1 billion). The aim of the study was to identify which of the many indicators of corporate operating performance—including growth in revenues, EBITDA margins, and returns on equity—have had the strongest correlation with shareholder returns over a relatively long period of time. The study's main conclusion is that investors appear to be looking for signs of neither growth nor efficiency in using capital alone, but for an optimal mix or balancing of those goals. And that mix, as the study also suggests, is captured in a cash‐flow‐based variant of “residual income” the authors call “residual cash earnings,” or RCE. In the second part of their article, the authors show how and why RCE does a much better job than reported net income or EPS of explaining the current market value of Amazon.com , one of the best‐performing tech companies in the world. Mainly by treating R&D spending as an investment of capital rather than an expense, RCE reveals the value of a company that is distinguished by both the amount and the productivity of its ongoing investment—both of which have been obscured by GAAP.