中国产业结构调整对汇率变动的冲击效应分析

转轨时期中国产业结构的升级可能会影响人民币汇率调整路径。本文运用Blanchard&Quah提出的对结构性冲击影响进行长期约束的方法,在实际冲击与名义冲击的基础上,进一步分析了产业结构调整对人民币汇率的冲击效应。结果表明,产业结构调整是影响人民币汇率变动的一个重要来源,并且产业结构调整对人民币汇率变动的冲击效应具有明显的结构性特征。实际有效汇率和名义有效汇率波动吸收第一、第二、第三产业和非农产业变化冲击的时期大体相同,分别为4、9、10和4个季度(期),但相较于对实际有效汇率的冲击,各产业结构调整对名义汇率的冲击效应更为显著,服务业的发展有利于弱化制造业和农业发展对人民币汇率的升值压力。     

北京市产业结构与就业结构的动态关系研究

文章基于1978-2012年的相关数据对北京市产业结构与就业结构的动态关系进行了协整分析与格兰杰因果检验。研究表明,第一产业产值与就业人数之间不存在长期均衡关系,而第二、三产业产值与就业人数之间存在长期均衡关系,但第二产业的发展没能有效促进就业的增长,第三产业的就业拉动作用也不显著。基于此,文章提出改造传统农业,优化第二、三产业结构,支持民营经济发展等政策建议。     

北京市产业结构与就业结构的动态关系研究

文章基于1978-2012年的相关数据对北京市产业结构与就业结构的动态关系进行了协整分析与格兰杰因果检验。研究表明,第一产业产值与就业人数之间不存在长期均衡关系,而第二、三产业产值与就业人数之间存在长期均衡关系,但第二产业的发展没能有效促进就业的增长,第三产业的就业拉动作用也不显著。基于此,文章提出改造传统农业,优化第二、三产业结构,支持民营经济发展等政策建议。     

我国通货膨胀率动态特征研究

应用LSTAR模型对我国通货膨胀率的动态特征进行的实证研究结果表明:我国通货膨胀率自身调整有明显的非线性特征,分为显著的低通货膨胀区制和高通货膨胀区制,区制转移的平滑参数较大,转移变量为滞后1期通货膨胀率,转折点为0.01036.同时,我国通货膨胀率存在一定程度的非对称性调整,随冲击大小、方向、区制不同而表现不同.此外,我国通货膨胀率具有较高的持久性,高通货膨胀区制的持久性明显低于低通货膨胀区制.     

兵团产业发展与转型现状的分析

一、兵团产业发展的基本概况1.产业结构逐步向合理化的方向发展。兵团国内生产总值,1980年为101937万元。其中一、二、三产业增加值分别为43846万元、40988万元和17103万元。到2001年增加到1963376万元。其中一、二、三产业增加值分别为628242万元、599323万元和735811万元。一、二、三产业结构的变化是:1980年为43%:40.2%:16.8%,到2001年下降,第二产业比重稳中有降,第三产业比重持续上升。2.第一产业中,农、林、牧、渔产值的比例关系逐步得到调整。兵团农业总产值,1980年为75351万元。其中农、林、牧、副、渔增加值分别是59751万元、900万…     

科技创新对广西产业结构影响的实证分析——基于VAR模型

科技创新对产业结构的优化升级具有驱动作用。本文选取2000~2015年广西科研支出占GDP比重、科研从业人员数占二、三产业从业人员总数比重、第二、三产业值占GDP比重三个变量,基于VAR模型对广西科技创新与产业结构的关系进行实证分析,发现广西科技创新与产业结构优化在长期存在稳定的协整关系,且互为格兰杰因;在短期科技创新对产业结构优化也存在正向的驱动作用。     

OFDI影响产业结构升级的实证研究

基于1990-2015年我国对外直接投资数据,考量OFDI影响产业结构升级效应。结果显示：OFDI对第一产业影响显著为负,对第二、三产业的影响显著为正,表明OFDI能促进我国的产业结构升级;同时,OFDI对劳动密集型制造业影响显著为负,对资本与技术密集型制造业影响显著为正,表明OFDI能促进制造业结构优化与转型升级。鉴此,要顺应OFDI新变化,发挥政府政策引导作用,通过政策引导企业更加合理、有效地进行对外投资,促进我国产业结构优化与转型升级。     

国家“十一五”规划对银行业影响分析之二：产业结构调整为优化银行业务结构提供机遇

“十五”期间。我国产业结构调整当时的预定目标是：2005年第一、二、三产业增加值占GDP比重分别为13％、51％和36％；实际运行结果是：第一、二、三产业占比分别为12.5％、47．3％和40．2％，其中，第三产业增长较快，大大高于预期目标。[编者按]     

吉林省产业结构变动特点及存在问题分析

改革开放20多年来,吉林省产业结构有了很大改善,地区经济总量增长从主要由第一、二产业带动转为主要由第二、三产业带动,进入“高服务”阶段。但是与沿海经济发达省份相比,还存在很大差距。产业结构调整已成为吉林省经济适度、持续、稳定发展所面临的一项非常紧迫的任务。     

外商直接投资与产业结构升级——基于辽宁省14地区面板数据的实证研究

外商直接投资(FDI)对产业结构升级具有显著的影响。本文对辽宁省各地区的外商直接投资额与产业结构的关系进行了实证研究。分别建立了外商直接投资与第一、二、三产业占GDP比重的固定效应变截距模型。结果表明,外商直接投资对产业结构升级具有促进作用,但对不同地区的作用又具有显著差别。     

Are equities good inflation hedges? A frequency domain perspective

By using industry level data, we examine the relation between equity returns and inflation in a frequency dependent framework. Our analysis shows that a positive relation in fact exists between equity returns and high frequency inflation shocks for commodity and technology related industries. Since higher frequency shocks are independent from trend and are transitory in nature, our findings imply a positive relation between stock returns and the unexpected component of inflation. Furthermore, we show that the results are robust to firm-level data by using a sample from the oil industry. Hence, our study provides a new look at the impact of inflation on equities by showing the sensitivity of conclusions in prior work to frequency dependence in data.     

促进经济结构调整的财税政策研究

目前,我国经济结构存在的问题主要表现在投资、消费和出口不平衡,三次产业及子产业结构不合理,收入分配结构不合理等。这些结构性问题互为因果,相互交织在一起。本文认为,短期内解决结构性问题的重要思路应当是调整收入分配、促进产业结构升级,充分发挥财税政策工具对解决上述问题的作用。     

The non-linear response of US state-level tradable and non-tradable inflation to oil shocks: The role of oil-dependence

This paper investigates the effects of oil supply, oil-specific consumption demand, oil inventory demand shocks, and global economic activity shocks on state-level tradable and non-tradable inflation in the US. We use oil shock data following the work of Baumeister and Hamilton (2019) and estimate both linear and non-linear impulse responses using a lag-augmented local projections model in a panel context. Our results from a linear model show that both supply and demand-side oil shocks have a statistically significant impact on both types of inflation. While supply, global economic activity, and demand shocks have a greater impact on tradable inflation, non-tradable inflation responds more strongly to inventory shocks. Further, the non-linear model results provide evidence of heterogeneity in the magnitude and persistence of impact between high- and low-oil dependence regimes. Non-tradable inflation is more sensitive to nearly all components of oil price shocks in the high-oil dependence regime.     

The reset inflation puzzle and the heterogeneity in price stickiness

New Keynesian models have been criticised on the grounds that they require implausibly large price shocks to explain inflation. Bils et al. (2012) show that, while these shocks are needed to reduce the excessive inflation persistence generated by the models, they give rise to unrealistically volatile reset price inflation. This paper shows that introducing heterogeneity in price stickiness in the models overcomes these criticisms directed at them. The incorporation of heterogeneity in price stickiness reduces the need for large price shocks. With smaller price shocks, the new model comes close to matching the data on reset inflation.     

中国的通货膨胀:外部冲击抑或货币超发——基于贝叶斯向量自回归样本外预测模型的实证

本文运用贝叶斯向量自回归样本外预测模型分析了中国通货膨胀的诱发因素,发现本轮通货膨胀的最主要原因是近年来中国货币过度发行,而外部冲击则是次要原因。在外部冲击中,国际食品价格变化对中国通货膨胀的影响较大,国际石油价格变化影响较弱。Diebold-Mariano(D-M)检验也表明包含货币供应量的贝叶斯向量自回归样本外预测模型对通货膨胀的预测能力要高于其他模型,开放经济模型对中国通货膨胀分析有较好的适用性。     

产业结构对就业的影响机制分析

通过对近10年产业结构和就业结构的相关数据进行分析,发现第一产业的偏离系数是负数,而且绝对值越来越大,而第二产业和第三产业的结构偏离度呈现逐步下降的趋势,并且第三产业的结构偏离曲线在第二产业之下,这说明我国第三产业发展滞后,特别是新兴的第三产业发展严重不足,制约了就业的扩大。     

Inflation targeting & implications of oil shocks for inflation expectations in oil-importing and exporting economies: Evidence from three Nordic Kingdoms

In the context of the debate on inflation targeting, this paper analyses the impact of the oil shocks on inflation expectations in three Nordic Kingdoms. A NARDL framework is applied to data from Jan 1994 to June 2018 on the Kingdoms of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Our key findings suggest that there are considerable nonlinearities and asymmetries in the relationship between inflation expectations, oil shocks and economic determinants of inflation expectations. The expectations formulated in the past have a very significant negative impact on future inflation expectations (adaptive expectations) and there is heterogeneity in the adaptiveness pace. A country's net oil trade position seems to reflect on the impact of oil price shocks on the inflation expectations and there is asymmetry and downwards inflation expectations rigidity. There is strong evidence of exchange rate pass-through to inflation expectations. Prevailing regimes of price stability can support to anchor future inflation expectations. Reduction in fiscal deficit and increases in money supply has a positive impact while unemployment has a negative impact on inflation expectations. The cumulative multiplier analysis showed that the impact of oil shock was symmetric in Sweden and Denmark but asymmetric in Norway which is a large net oil exporter. Besides the adoption of explicit inflation targeting regime by Sweden and Norway, the inflation expectations in the underlying economies are prone to the oil price shocks and macroeconomic determinants. These shocks pose a whole set of challenges to monetary authorities in these economies and the findings in the subject treatise provide some guidance on how each shock may transmit.     

The Structural Dynamics of U.S. Output and Inflation: What Explains the Changes?

We examine the dynamics of U.S. output and inflation using a structural time-varying coefficients vector autoregression. There are changes in the volatility of both variables and in the persistence of inflation, but variations are statistically insignificant. Technology shocks explain changes in output volatility; real demand disturbances variations in the persistence and volatility of inflation. We detect important time variations in the transmission of technology shocks to output and demand shocks to inflation and significant changes in the variance of technology and of monetary policy shocks.