兰新高铁对甘肃沿线城市经济发展的影响

兰新高铁的开通对沿线城市的发展有着重要的推动作用。本文选取了甘肃的主要四个沿线城市兰州、西宁、张掖、嘉峪关,从区域可达性、区域经济发展、区域旅游人口及收入三方面入手,采用不同的评价方法,研究其对沿线城市经济发展的影响。研究结果表明,兰新高铁对沿线城市区域可达性、区域经济发展、区域旅游有着明显的促进效应,因此兰新高铁的开通对沿线城市经济的发展有着重要作用。     

辽宁省城市间工业旅游开发的RMP分析及发展策略

辽宁省作为我国著名的东北老工业基地,具有得天独厚的工业企业资源.本文基于昂普(RMP)分析模式,从资源(Resource)、市场(Market)、和产品(Product)三个方面对其进行评价论证,以城市间合作的角度为出发点为其工业旅游开放献策,推动其健康快速发展.     

区域经济发展不平衡与金融资源分布之间的关系研究(下)

我国金融资源地区分布差异的原因 我国区域经济发展十分不平衡,各地区工业化、城市化和市场化水平存在较大差异,在市场力量作用下会引导金融资源的地区分布差异,而金融体系本身的发展演变也会影响到金融资源地区分布的调整.     

区域旅游产业品牌竞争力评价指标体系构建研究

区域旅游产业竞争力对区域旅游产业和旅游经济有重要的作用.以产业竞争力理论为基础.考虑旅游产业、区域环境和品牌三个方面的因素,构建了区域旅游产业品牌形成的因素模型.依据模型,从以上三个维度,具体从资源、产业水平和协调、区域硬环境和软环境、品牌的建设、营销、保护和创新等方面建立了旅游产业品牌竞争力的评价指标体系.     

加强欠发达地区中小企业金融扶持刍议

从欠发达地区的特点看,中小企业已成为区域经济发展的主力军。以黑龙江省绥化地区为例,该地区地处黑龙江腹地,属于欠发达农业地区。其经济发展的基本特点是:农业大,工业小,财政紧,中小企业多。由于受经济发展条件的制约和以农业为主的经济结构的限制,全区大企业、大项目很...     

开放经济下利率对汇率的影响:一个新的理论框架

在开放经济条件下,利率与汇率相互影响、相互制约,对经济的内外均衡产生重要影响.利率对汇率的影响主要可分为两种:一是通过资本市场的影响,二是通过商品市场的影响.它们的共同影响决定了某一国家或地区利率对汇率的实际影响.基于利率平价与购买力平价两大基本理论,并利用广义货币模型与扩展的M-F模型进行多角度分析,才能比较全面、合理地解释开放经济条件下利率对汇率的复杂的影响关系.     

对满洲里边境口岸民间外汇市场情况的调查

满洲里口岸民间外汇市场由来已久,是在1988年中俄两国恢复经贸往来关系,双边开放边境旅游后产生和发展起来的。如果从外汇管理角度定性,民间外汇兑换市场属于外汇黑市。但在银行受种种条件制约无力承办卢布兑换业务的情况下,民间外币兑换市场却应运而生。这给两国出入境人员购物和消费提供了便利,也对口岸地方经济发展起到了积极的促进作用。本文拟从目前满洲里民间外汇市场现状、存在问题、成因进行利弊调查分析,并提出相关建议。     

维护中西部民族地区资源利益努力构建政府间财政关系和谐

近年来,随着国家西部大开发战略的实施,内蒙古自治区依托资源优势,充分利用西部大开发和民族自治地区优惠政策,加快经济社会发展,取得了令人瞩目的成绩.然而由于受财政体制、税收制度以及资源价格体系的制约,西部少数民族地区的资源收益能力逐年下降,而环境保护、社会治理成本却逐年加大.因此,维护中西部民族地区资源利益、促进政府间财政关系和谐,是当前一项重要而紧迫的任务.     

地区补贴差异、农民决策分化与农业保险福利再分配

受区域经济发展水平的制约,农业保险的补贴力度存在明显的地区差异:东部发达地区财政对农业保险的补贴力度大,而中西部欠发达地区受自身财政实力的制约补贴力度十分有限.补贴力度的不同将会影响农民参加农业保险的意愿,进而影响他们的生产决策,并最终影响到全体农民的福利分配.应发挥中央财政的调节作用,加大对中西部地区农业保险的扶持力...     

辽宁省城市间工业旅游开发的RMP分析及发展策略

辽宁省作为我国著名的东北老工业基地，具有得天独厚的工业企业资源。本文基于昂普（RMP）分析模式，从资源（Resource）、市场（Market）、和产品（Product）三个方面对其进行评价论证，以城市间合作的角度为出发点为其工业旅游开放献策，推动其健康快速发展；     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.